How to Become a Pilot: The Ultimate 7-Step Guide to Flight Training

Jumping into anything without a plan is a recipe for failure. Aviation is no different. If you want to become a pilot, the first step is knowing exactly how to become a pilot before making any commitments. A structured approach eliminates mistakes, saves time and money, and sets you up for success.

The demand for pilots is growing fast. Airlines need skilled professionals, and proper flight training is the only way to get there. But where do you start?

This guide breaks it down into seven simple steps—from eligibility requirements to advanced certifications—so you can navigate flight training with confidence. Whether you’re aiming for a private pilot license or a commercial aviation career, this roadmap will keep you on the right track.

Step 1: How to Become a Pilot – Meeting Basic Requirements

Before stepping into a cockpit, you need to meet the minimum eligibility requirements set by aviation authorities like the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) in the U.S. These requirements ensure that aspiring pilots have the necessary foundation to start flight training.

Minimum Age Requirements

Age plays a critical role in aviation, as different pilot licenses have specific minimum requirements.

The journey begins at 16 years old, the earliest age a student can legally fly solo. This milestone is a significant step in flight training, marking the first time a pilot flies an aircraft without a certified flight instructor on board.

At 17 years old, pilots can apply for a Private Pilot License (PPL), allowing them to fly passengers and aircraft independently, though not for commercial purposes. Those pursuing a professional aviation career must wait until 18 years old to qualify for a Commercial Pilot License (CPL), which permits pilots to earn compensation for their flying services.

The highest certification, the Airline Transport Pilot License (ATPL), requires pilots to be at least 23 years old. This license is essential for those aiming to become airline captains, as it grants full operational command of commercial airliners.

While age is a determining factor, meeting flight hour requirements and passing necessary exams are equally important in reaching each certification level.

Educational Qualifications

A high school diploma or GED is generally the minimum educational requirement to begin flight training. While not always mandatory, it provides a solid foundation for understanding aviation concepts and passing written exams. Some flight schools may have additional academic requirements, but most focus primarily on flight aptitude and training progress.

Unlike other professional careers, a college degree is NOT required to become a pilot.

However, some airlines, particularly major carriers, prefer candidates with a degree, as it can demonstrate discipline and critical thinking skills. Pilots aiming for positions with top-tier airlines may benefit from earning a degree in aviation, aerospace engineering, or a related field, though it is not a strict requirement.

Strong skills in math, physics, and English are highly beneficial for flight training. Pilots frequently work with calculations involving speed, altitude, fuel consumption, and navigation.

A solid grasp of physics helps in understanding aerodynamics and aircraft performance. English proficiency is also essential, as it is the international language of aviation, required for communication with air traffic control and global aviation operations.

How to Become a Pilot – Medical Fitness and FAA Medical Certificate

Pilots must pass a medical exam conducted by an FAA-authorized Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) to obtain an FAA Medical Certificate:

First-Class Medical Certificate – Required for airline captains.
Second-Class Medical Certificate – Needed for commercial pilots.
Third-Class Medical Certificate – Minimum required for private pilots.

Common disqualifications include serious heart conditions, epilepsy, uncontrolled diabetes, and severe vision issues. However, some pilots can still fly with medical waivers.

Meeting these basic requirements is the first official step in learning how to become a pilot. Once you qualify, the next step is choosing the right flight training path.

Step 2: How to Become a Pilot – Choosing the Right Flight Training Path

Once you meet the basic requirements, the next big decision is where and how to train. Flight training programs vary, and selecting the right one depends on your goals, budget, and learning style.

How to Become a Pilot – Flight School vs. University Aviation Program

Choosing between a flight school and a university aviation program is one of the biggest decisions aspiring pilots face. Both paths lead to the cockpit, but they differ in structure, cost, and career advantages.

Flight schools, also known as independent academies, focus solely on pilot training. They offer faster, more flexible programs that allow students to train at their own pace.

This route is often more affordable, but it requires strong self-discipline to stay on track. Many students choose flight schools because they can complete their training in a shorter timeframe and begin working as pilots sooner.

University aviation programs, on the other hand, combine academic degrees with flight training. These programs are typically more expensive and time-consuming, but they often have direct partnerships with airlines, providing a smoother transition into commercial aviation.

Some universities also offer financial aid options, making the cost more manageable. While a degree is not required to become a pilot, it may offer long-term career advantages, especially for those aiming to work for major airlines.

How to Become a Pilot – Part 61 vs. Part 141 Training Programs

Understanding the difference between Part 61 and Part 141 flight training is essential for anyone learning how to become a pilot. The FAA regulates pilot training under these two distinct programs, each with its own benefits depending on a student’s goals, schedule, and budget.

Part 61 flight training offers a flexible, self-paced approach, making it ideal for students who need to balance training with other commitments.

This program allows flight instructors to tailor lessons based on individual progress, but it requires more flight hours—for example, 250 hours for a Commercial Pilot License (CPL). While it can sometimes be more affordable, it demands greater self-discipline to stay on track.

Part 141 flight training follows a structured, FAA-approved curriculum designed for faster completion. These programs often operate through flight schools or university aviation programs, making them preferred by airlines. Since they follow a strict syllabus, they require fewer flight hours—as low as 190 hours for a CPL—but students must adhere to the set training schedule. This path is ideal for those seeking a fast-tracked, airline-preferred training experience.

Choosing between Part 61 and Part 141 depends on training goals, learning style, and career ambitions. Both paths lead to becoming a pilot, but understanding these differences ensures students select the right program for their aviation journey.

Considerations for International Students

If you are not a U.S. citizen, additional steps are required:

Obtain an M-1 or F-1 student visa to train at an FAA-approved school like the Florida Flyers Flight Academy.
Complete the TSA security clearance process (Transportation Security Administration).
Ensure your chosen flight school is certified to train international students.

Choosing the right flight training path is crucial for your career progression. Once you’ve made your decision, the next step is getting your FAA Medical Certificate and officially starting flight school.

Step 3: How to Become a Pilot – Getting an FAA Medical Certificate

Obtaining an FAA Medical Certificate is a mandatory step in learning how to become a pilot. This medical clearance ensures that pilots meet the physical and mental health standards required to operate an aircraft safely. The FAA issues three types of medical certificates, each designed for different levels of pilot certification.

A First-Class Medical Certificate is required for airline transport pilots (ATPL) and must be renewed every six to twelve months, depending on the pilot’s age.

A Second-Class Medical Certificate is needed for commercial pilots (CPL) and remains valid for one year. The Third-Class Medical Certificate is the most basic and is required for private pilots (PPL), valid for two to five years, depending on age.

To obtain a medical certificate, pilots must schedule an exam with an FAA-authorized Aviation Medical Examiner (AME). The process includes:

Vision test
Hearing test
Cardiovascular check
Mental health evaluation

While certain conditions like uncontrolled diabetes, epilepsy, or severe heart disease can disqualify a candidate, the FAA offers medical waivers for some conditions, allowing pilots to fly under specific limitations. Ensuring medical fitness early in the training process prevents unexpected setbacks in obtaining a pilot license.

Step 4: Enroll in Ground School and Begin Flight Training

Ground school is the foundation of pilot training, covering essential knowledge areas like aerodynamics, flight regulations, weather patterns, and navigation. Before stepping into a cockpit, pilots must master theoretical concepts to prepare for safe and efficient flying. Ground school is available in-person at flight schools or online, allowing students to learn at their own pace.

Once ground school is underway, flight training begins with a mix of simulator training and real flight experience. Simulators help students practice emergency procedures, instrument navigation, and aircraft handling in a controlled environment. However, hands-on experience in an actual aircraft is crucial for developing real-world flying skills.

The number of required flight hours varies based on the type of pilot license. A Private Pilot License (PPL) typically requires 40-60 hours.

While a Commercial Pilot License (CPL) demands between 190-250 hours, depending on whether training follows Part 61 or Part 141 regulations. Completing both ground school and flight training efficiently is key to progressing through the pilot certification process.

Step 5: How to Become a Pilot – Earn Your Private Pilot License (PPL)

Earning a Private Pilot License (PPL) is the first major milestone in learning how to become a pilot. The PPL allows pilots to fly solo, carry passengers, and operate aircraft for personal or recreational purposes, but not for compensation. This certification builds the foundation for more advanced pilot training.

The flight training process for a PPL includes multiple phases. Students begin with dual instruction, flying with an instructor to learn basic maneuvers, takeoffs, landings, and emergency procedures.

Once they demonstrate proficiency, they progress to solo flights, where they fly alone under instructor supervision. The training also includes cross-country flights, where pilots learn to navigate long distances, and night flying, which enhances their ability to operate in low-visibility conditions.

To earn a PPL, students must pass three key evaluations:

Written Exam – A multiple-choice test covering airspace regulations, navigation, weather, and aircraft systems.
Oral Exam – A verbal assessment where an FAA examiner evaluates a student’s understanding of flight operations.
Practical Flight Test (Checkride) – A real-world flight evaluation where students demonstrate their ability to operate an aircraft safely and efficiently.

Upon successfully passing these exams, pilots receive their Private Pilot License, marking the beginning of their aviation journey. While a PPL allows pilots to fly for personal use, advancing to higher certifications is necessary for those pursuing a professional career.

Step 6: How to Become a Pilot – Advance to Higher Certifications

After earning a Private Pilot License (PPL), the next step in how to become a pilot is advancing to higher certifications. These additional ratings and licenses expand flying capabilities and unlock career opportunities in commercial aviation.

An Instrument Rating (IR) is one of the most critical upgrades, allowing pilots to fly in low-visibility conditions using only instruments. This is essential for flying in bad weather and is a requirement for commercial airline careers. Training includes intensive simulated instrument flights, navigation techniques, and emergency procedures.

For those aiming to fly professionally, obtaining a Commercial Pilot License (CPL) is the next step. The CPL allows pilots to fly for compensation or hire, enabling careers in charter flights, corporate aviation, and regional airlines. To qualify, pilots must complete advanced maneuvers, cross-country flights, and night operations, along with additional written and practical exams.

Pilots who wish to operate aircraft with more than one engine must also obtain a Multi-Engine Rating (ME). This training focuses on handling asymmetrical thrust, emergency engine failures, and advanced aerodynamics, preparing pilots for more complex aircraft.

Advancing through these certifications is essential for anyone serious about a long-term aviation career. Each step brings pilots closer to their ultimate goal—whether it’s flying commercial jets, corporate aircraft, or specialized missions.

Step 7: How to Become a Pilot – Building Experience and Flight Hours

After earning the necessary certifications, the final step in how to become a pilot is gaining flight experience and logging hours. Most professional pilot jobs, including airline positions, require extensive flying experience, making this phase crucial for career progression.

One of the most common ways to build flight hours is by becoming a Certified Flight Instructor (CFI). Many aspiring airline pilots teach others how to fly, allowing them to gain valuable experience while getting paid.

Additional instructor ratings, such as CFII (Certified Flight Instructor – Instrument) for instrument training and MEI (Multi-Engine Instructor) for teaching in twin-engine aircraft, further enhance qualifications and career prospects.

Pilots looking for alternative pathways can gain experience by working for regional airlines, charter companies, or cargo operators. Many regional airlines hire pilots with 1,500 flight hours, providing a direct route to major carriers. Charter aviation and cargo operations, such as flying feeder routes for FedEx and UPS, also offer steady opportunities to accumulate hours.

Conclusion

Understanding how to become a pilot requires a clear roadmap, from meeting eligibility requirements to completing flight training and advancing through higher certifications. Earning a Private Pilot License (PPL) is just the beginning, followed by obtaining an Instrument Rating (IR) and Commercial Pilot License (CPL) to qualify for paid flying opportunities.

The final step is gaining flight hours through instructing, charter aviation, regional airlines, or cargo operations to meet airline hiring requirements.

The journey to becoming a pilot requires dedication, financial planning, and a commitment to continuous learning. With the global demand for pilots rising, those who stay focused on their training and career goals will find exciting opportunities in commercial aviation. The next step is to choose the right flight school, secure funding, and take action toward achieving a professional pilot career.

Contact the Florida Flyers Flight Academy Team today at (904) 209-3510 to learn more about how to do the foreign pilot license conversion in 4 steps.