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Isikhathi Sokulinganisa Izinsimbi: Amahora, Amasonto kanye Nalokho Ongakulindela

Ikhaya / Ulwazi Lomsebenzi Womshayeli Wezindiza / Isikhathi Sokulinganisa Izinsimbi: Amahora, Amasonto kanye Nalokho Ongakulindela
Umshayeli wendiza ongumfundi oprakthiza izinsimbi zomshini ohamba ngendiza enqamula izwe
Ukuthi isilinganiso sezinsimbi sidinga amahora amangaki, kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani esikhathini sekhalenda, nokuthi yini esheshisa noma ebambezela ukuqeqeshwa ngaphansi kweNgxenye 61 kanye neNgxenye 141.

Isikhathi sokulinganisa izinsimbi sinezincazelo ezimbili: amahora i-FAA edinga ukuthi uwabhalise, kanye namasonto noma izinyanga ezikuthathayo ukuze uwathole. Ubuncane obujwayelekile besilinganiso sendiza ngamahora angu-40 esikhathi sangempela noma esilingisiwe sezinsimbi, angu-15 kuwo enomfundisi ogunyaziwe, kanye namahora angu-50 esikhathi sokunqamula izwe njengomshayeli wendiza ophethe. Ngokwekhalenda, abafundi abaningi badinga izinyanga ezimbalwa zokundiza ngokungaguquguquki, futhi ijubane olibambayo libaluleke kakhulu kunobuncane.

Lo mhlahlandlela uhlukanisa indawo yezomthetho nokuhlela okungokoqobo, uchaza ukuthi iNgxenye 61 kanye neNgxenye 141 zihluke kuphi, futhi ubonisa indlela yokwakha isimiso esingashintshi.

I-Flightschoolusa
Hlela Ukuqeqeshwa Kwakho Kwezinsimbi Zomculo
I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy inikeza ukuqeqeshwa kwabashayeli bezindiza, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-FAA ngaphakathi nge-Self Examining Authority yayo.

Hlola ukuqeqeshwa kwezindiza

TL; DR

  • Ingxenye 61 idinga amahora angu-40 esikhathi sezinsimbi zomculo (ezangempela noma ezilingisiwe), okuhlanganisa amahora angu-15 okuqeqeshwa kwezinsimbi zomculo kumfundisi ogunyaziwe, kanye namahora angu-50 esikhathi se-PIC sokunqamula izwe.
  • Izifundo ze-Part 141 zilandela uhlelo oluvunyiwe yi-FAA, futhi uhlelo lwezifundo oluvunyiwe lungaba lufushane emahoreni okundiza adingekayo kune-Part 61.
  • Isilinganiso esibikwe ngocwaningo sesilinganiso sezinsimbi singamaviki ayi-16, kodwa isikhathi sakho sincike ekuvameni kwesifundo, isimo sezulu kanye nokulungiselela.
  • Ukuhamba ngendiza njalo, mhlawumbe izikhathi eziningana ngesonto, kuyindlela ethembeke kakhulu yokugwema ukuphinda izinto nokukhokha amahora engeziwe.
  • Kumelwe uphumelele ukuhlolwa kolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa okusebenzayo (uhambo lokuhlola) okunezincomo zothisha kokubili.

Okuqukethwe

Lokho okudingwa yi-FAA ngempela

Umthetho olawulayo uthi I-14 CFR 61.65Ngaphambi kwanoma yini enye, kufanele ube nesitifiketi somshayeli wendiza wangasese noma ufake isicelo ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi kufanele uhlangabezane nesidingo solimi lwesiNgisi. Bese kuba nezidingo zamahora zesilinganiso sensimbi nendiza ziyasebenza:

  • Amahora angu-50 endiza enqamula izwe njengomshayeli wendiza ophethe, okungenani amahora ayi-10 endizeni.
  • Amahora angu-40 esikhathi sangempela noma esilingisiwe sethuluzi ezindaweni zokusebenza ezibalwe emthethweni.
  • Amahora angu-15 okuqeqeshwa kokundiza kwensimbi kusuka kumfundisi ogunyaziwe onesilinganiso sezinsimbi nezindiza.

Imfuneko yokuwela izwe yileyo abafundi abaningi abavele bayayifinyelela ngenkathi besakha isikhathi sokufinyelela eminye imigomo, yingakho amahora ezinsimbi ethola ukunakwa. Uma unesitifiketi esihlanganisiwe noma ikhredithi yangaphambilini, isigaba 61.65(g) singanciphisa lokho okudingayo, ngakho-ke qinisekisa incwadi yakho yokubhalisa ngokumelene nomthetho nomfundisi wakho.

Kukhona futhi isidingo sokuhlolwa kwakamuva ngaphambi kokuhlolwa okusebenzayo. Isifinyezo se-AOPA uqaphela ukuthi udinga okungenani amahora amathathu okuqeqeshwa kwezinsimbi kumfundisi ogunyaziwe ukuze ulungiselele uhambo lokuhlola zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbili zekhalenda ngaphambi kosuku lokuhlolwa. Leyo mininingwane ibumba ukuhlela: awukwazi ukwenza konke ukuqeqeshwa kwakho kusenesikhathi bese ulinda isigamu sonyaka ukuze uvivinywe ngaphandle kokuvuselela.

Ithuluzi lokuwela izwe

Lo mthetho udinga futhi ukundiza okukodwa okude: okungenani amamayela angu-250 olwandle emigwaqweni yomoya noma umzila oqondiswa yi-ATC, kanye nendlela esikhumulweni sezindiza ngasinye kanye nezinhlobo ezintathu ezahlukene zezindlela ezisebenzisa izinhlelo zokuzulazula. Ukuhlela lokho kundiza eduze kwesimo sezulu kanye nokutholakala kwezindiza kuyimbangela evamile yokubambezeleka. Siyichaza ngokuningiliziwe kumhlahlandlela wethu we- imithetho yethuluzi lokuwela izwe.

Amahora aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa namahora angokoqobo

Izinombolo ezingenhla ziyizilinganiso ezincane zokufaneleka, hhayi izibikezelo. Amahora ayingxenye eyodwa nje yesilinganiso: isiqondiso somhloli we-FAA sidinga ukuthi umfundisi avume i-logbook yakho noma irekhodi lokuqeqeshwa eliqinisekisa ukuthi ulungele kokubili ukuhlolwa kolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa okusebenzayo, ngokwesilinganiso. Isiqondiso somhloli wochungechunge lwe-FAA Order 8900.2 mayelana nesitifiketi sokulinganisa izinsimbiUmfundisi okukhuthazayo okungenani ngenkathi izindlela zakho zisaxakile akakwenzi lutho, ngoba umhloli uzohlola ikhono, hhayi amahora.

Imininingwane yomphakathi yokuthi abafundi bathatha isikhathi esingakanani ngempela ayicacile. Umhloli wezindiza oqokiwe ukhombe ukuthi Idatha ye-FAA eqoqwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okusebenzayo ayihlanganiswa noma ayishicilelwa, ngakho imboni incike kudatha yezinga lesikole kanye nedatha yocwaningo. Phatha noma yiliphi isilinganiso esisodwa, kufaka phakathi esethu, njengohlu lokuhlela kunokuba kube yisithembiso.

Indlela ewusizo yokuhlela:

  1. Phatha inani eliphansi elisemthethweni njengenani eliphansi kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
  2. Ake sithi uzodinga isikhathi esengeziwe esiphindwe kabili uma undiza ngokungajwayelekile noma amakhono akho okushayela izindiza ngasese (ukulawula izindiza, umsebenzi womsakazo, ukuhlela) egqwalile.
  3. Hlela isikhathi esengeziwe ngesimo sezulu, ngoba izimo zangempela zethuluzi ziwukuqeqeshwa okuwusizo futhi ziyisizathu sokukhansela.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ngesikhathi sekhalenda

Ngokuhlela ikhalenda, inhlolovo yaminyaka yonke yeRedbird, kubikwe yi-Flight Training Central, beka isilinganiso sango-2024 sokuthola isilinganiso sezinsimbi zomculo emavikini ayi-16, cishe izinyanga ezine. Lokho kuyisilinganiso sabafundi abaningi, iningi labo lindiza isikhathi esithile.

Isikhathi sakho sesikhathi sizohlala endaweni ethile kulolu hlu:

Ijubane lokuqeqesha Kubukeka kanjani Umphumela ojwayelekile
Ukuhamba ngendiza isikhathi esigcwele, nsuku zonke Ibhulokhi yezifundo ehlelekile kanye nesifundo esisekelwe phansi Isikhathi esimfushane kakhulu, esinqunyelwe yisimo sezulu kanye nokuhlela uhambo lokuhamba ngebhayisikili
Izifundo eziningana ngesonto Isigqi esiqinile, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zihlala zintsha Kuseduze nesilinganiso socwaningo noma okungcono
Kanye ngesonto noma ngaphansi Izikhala ezinde phakathi kwezifundo Izinyanga ezinde, isikhathi sokubukeza sigxile esifundweni ngasinye

Iphethini ethebuleni iwuhlelo lokuhlela olunesimo esilinganiselwe hhayi umphumela olinganisiwe, kodwa ihambisana nalokho okufundiswayo okufundiswayo: ukuhlukanisa izifundo kude kakhulu kusho ukuthi ingxenye yokuqala yesifundo ngasinye isetshenziswa ekubuyiseleni ubuchwepheshe bokuskena, amakhono ephaneli engaphelele kanye nezinqubo kusukela kweyokugcina.

Yini eyenza ukuqeqeshwa kwezinsimbi kusheshe noma kuhambe kancane

Imvamisa yesifundo

Lesi yi-lever enkulu kunazo zonke oyilawulayo. Ukundiza ngezinsimbi kuyikhono elibolayo elakhelwe emkhubeni wokuhlola ngokuqhathanisa. Uhlelo lwezinsimbi lukaGleim luchaza indlela yokwakha izitini, lapho imisebenzi elula iqondiswa khona ngaphambi kweyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ukuze kukhuthazwe imikhuba emihle. Amabhlogo okwakha asebenza kuphela uma amabhlogo esekhona lapho ubuya esifundweni esilandelayo.

Weather

Udinga izimo zemishini ukuze uthole iqiniso, kodwa uphahla oluphansi, ukuduma kwezulu kanye neqhwa kungamisa indiza yokuqeqesha. Isimo sezulu sesizini sibalulekile: izikole ezifundazweni ezinezinsuku ezingcono zokundiza zichitha izifundo ezimbalwa. Ukundiza endaweni enesimo sezulu sonyaka wonke kuyinzuzo yangempela yokuhlela, okuyisizathu esisodwa esenza abafundi abaningi abagxile emisebenzini baqeqeshwe eFlorida.

Ukulungiselela kanye nolwazi lomhlabathi

Abafundi abaqeda ukuhlolwa kolwazi kusenesikhathi bafika ezifundweni zokundiza sebevele beqonda amapuleti okusebenza, izindawo ezivulekile kanye nemikhiqizo yesimo sezulu, ngakho-ke isikhathi sokundiza siya ekuqalisweni hhayi encazelweni. Umhlahlandlela wokuhlolwa kolwazi lwe-FAA uchaza ukuthi ungakuhlela kanjani uma kuqhathaniswa nokundiza kwakho.

Ama-simulators namadivayisi okuqeqesha

Isigaba 61.65 sivumela ingxenye yesikhathi sethuluzi ukuthi ingeniswe kuma-simulators ezindiza avunyiwe kanye namadivayisi okuqeqesha izindiza. Ngokuvamile ashibhile ngehora kunendiza, futhi akuvumela ukuthi uphinde indlela uze ulungele ngaphandle kwengozi yesimo sezulu. Ukuthi isikhathi sakho singalingiswa kangakanani kuncike ohlotsheni lwedivayisi kanye nemithetho yokuqeqesha esebenzayo. Bheka ukuhlukaniswa kwethu kwe- amahora okulingisa izinsimbi, kufaka phakathi imvume yeNgxenye 142.

Umfundi uphinda indlela esilingisa indiza

Ukufaneleka kanye nokujwayelana kwezindiza

Abafundi abanolwazi oluhle ezinhlelweni zezindiza, kanye ne-cockpit yengilazi noma i-autopilot eseyijwayele kakade, bachitha isikhathi esincane befunda iphaneli kanye nesikhathi esiningi sokufunda izinqubo. Uma ushintshela ku-suite entsha ye-avionics, lindela ukuthi amanye amahora akho afike lapho.

Ingxenye 61 uma kuqhathaniswa neNgxenye 141 yesikhathi sethuluzi

Ingxenye 61 iyindlela eguquguqukayo, eqhutshwa umfundisi: umfundisi wakha uhlelo lokufunda, futhi imithetho engaphansi kwemithetho engenhla iyasebenza. Ingxenye 141 izikole, ngokuphambene nalokho, kumele basebenzise uhlelo lokuqeqesha oluhlelekile kanye nesilabhasi kugunyazwe yi-FAA.

Isekhula sezeluleko ze-FAA ngezikole zeNgxenye 141 sithi izidingo zesikhathi sokundiza zivame ukuba khona kuncishisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa neNgxenye 61, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezifundo ezihlelekile, ukwengamela abafundisi kanye nokuqapha okuvamile kwe-FAA. Ngokukalwa kwezinsimbi, ikharikhulamu evunyiwe ku Isithasiselo C kuNgxenye 141 ibeka okuqukethwe kwayo kokuqeqeshwa okuncane, okuhlanganisa amahora angama-30 okuqeqeshwa komhlaba ukuze kulinganiswe izinsimbi zokuqala, futhi ingxenye yendiza ichazwa lapho kunokubalwa kwamahora eNgxenye 61. Ubuncane obufushane buyasiza kuphela uma umfundi eqhubeka nesilabhasi ngesikhathi esibekiwe, njengoba ukuhlolwa kwesigaba kumele kudluliswe endleleni.

Izindlela zokuqeqesha zeNgxenye 61 kanye neNgxenye 141 ziqhathaniswa

Isifundo esihlelekile sinciphisa nohlobo oluhlukile lokulahlekelwa yisikhathi: uhlelo lwesifundo sokuzulazula. Isifundo ngasinye sinomgomo, indinganiso kanye nesinyathelo esilandelayo. Uma ufuna ukuqhathanisa okugcwele, funda Ingxenye 61 vs Ingxenye 141 ukuqeqeshwa kwendiza kanye nomchazi wethu ku okushiwo yi-FAA Ingxenye 141.

Ukuhlolwa okuqeda iwashi

Isilinganiso siqedwa kuphela uma uphumelela izivivinyo ezimbili, ngokwesilinganiso Isiqondiso sesitifiketi se-FAA:

  1. Ukuhlolwa kolwazi lwe-FAA, ethathwe ngokunconywa ngumfundisi.
  2. Isivivinyo esisebenzayo (uhambo lokuhlola), ingxenye yomlomo elandelwa ukundiza. Kumelwe ubonise ikhono ekuqondiseni nasekusebenziseni izinsimbi, okuhlanganisa eyodwa ngokunemba kanye nezindlela ezimbili ezingaqondile.

Ukulinda i-checkride kungangeza amasonto angabalwa uhlelo lokuqeqesha, ngoba ukutholakala kwabahloli kuyahlukahluka ngendawo kanye nesizini. Leso yisona sizathu esiyinhloko esenza sinake ikhalenda ye-checkride lapho siklama uhlelo. Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi kwenzekani ngosuku, bheka iyini i-checkride futhi wethu uhlu lokuhlola i-checkride.

Isampula yesikhathi ongakwazi ukusishintsha

Uhlelo olungezansi luwumfanekiso wendlela umfundi ondiza izikhathi eziningana ngesonto angase alandelele ngayo umsebenzi, hhayi isiqinisekiso sanoma yimiphi imiphumela.

  1. Amaviki 1 kuya ku-2: Ucwaningo oluyisisekelo ngemithethonqubo, isimo sezulu, amashadi kanye nezinqubo zendlela. Qala izikhathi zokulingisa noma zokuqeqesha zedivayisi yokuskena kanye nokundiza kwethuluzi eliyisisekelo lokucabanga.
  2. Amaviki 3 kuya ku-6: Ukusebenza ngamaphaneli angaphelele, ukubamba, ukuvimba kanye nezindlela ezingaqondile. Thatha isivivinyo solwazi ngenkathi izinto zintsha.
  3. Amaviki 7 kuya ku-10: Izindlela ezinembile, izimo zengqondo ezingavamile, ukwehluleka kwesistimu kanye nokuxhumana kwe-ATC esimweni sezulu sangempela noma esilingisiwe.
  4. Amaviki 11 kuya ku-12: Ithuluzi elide eliwela izwe, bese kubuyekezwa izindawo ezibuthakathaka.
  5. Amaviki okugcina: Ukuqeqeshwa kwezinsimbi zomculo ngaphakathi kwewindi lezinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, ukulingisa ngomlomo kanye nokundiza, ukuvunyelwa, bese kuba ukugibela ibhayisikili.

Uma isikhathi sakho sokushayela indiza singakapheli amahora angu-50, yakha lokho ohlelweni kusenesikhathi, ngoba ungandiza lawo mahora kanye nokuqeqeshwa kusenesikhathi.

Umbono wethu: kungani isiyalo sidlula isikhathi

Sibona izinhlobo ezimbili zabafundi zifika zifuna ukuhlolwa kwezinsimbi zomculo ngokushesha. Eyokuqala iphatha inani lamahora angu-40 njengelihlosiwe futhi iyamangala lapho umfundisi engayisayini. Eyesibili iphatha ukuhlolwa njengekhono okufanele liboniswe, futhi iphela ngokushesha ngoba bandiza njalo, balungiselela isifundo ngasinye futhi basebenzisa i-simulator ukuphinda izinqubo ngentengo ephansi.

Kwabashayeli bezindiza abagxile emisebenzini yabo, isikhathi asiyona indaba yemitha ye-Hobbs kodwa siwumfutho. Umfundi ondiza kathathu noma kane ngesonto, enesifundo esihleliwe phakathi, ugcina ikhono lakhe liphezulu futhi ugwema ukukhokhela isifundo esifanayo kabili. Yingakho senza izifundo zeNgxenye 141 ezihlelekile nokuthi kungani sinaka ikhalenda lokuhlolwa okusebenzayo. Ngenxa yokuthi sineGunya Lokuzihlola, ukugibela kwethu kungenziwa ngaphakathi endlini, okususa umthombo owodwa wokulinda abafundi abaningi ababhekana nawo ekupheleni kokuqeqeshwa kwabo.

Umbuzo esiwubuza umfundi ngamunye awusiwo “amahora ambalwa ongakwenza ngawo” kodwa “ungaba nekhono elingakanani njalo.” Leyo yimibuzo ehlukene, kanti owesibili yilowo ozohlolwa yi-interview yezindiza, kanye ne-cloud deck.

— uRainer

Lapho ukuqeqeshwa kwezinsimbi kufaneleka khona endleleni yendiza

Kwabashayeli bezindiza abafisa ukuba ngabashayeli bezindiza, isilinganiso sezinsimbi siyisinyathelo sokuqala ochungechungeni oluhlanganisa izilinganiso zezentengiselwano nezinjini eziningi kanye nesitifiketi somqeqeshi wezindiza. Ukucindezela ukulandelana kusebenza kahle kakhulu lapho isilinganiso ngasinye singena kwesilandelayo ngaphandle kwezikhala. Uhlelo lokuqeqesha i-Instrument Rating lwabashayeli bezindiza zomsebenzi ichaza indlela isilinganiso esilethwa ngayo ngaphakathi kwesifundo esihlelekile, kanye nomhlahlandlela wethu wokuthi isikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kwesilinganiso sezinsimbi ezingokoqobo ugxila kakhulu ekuhleleni.

Uma usukulungele ukubiza wonke umzila, sishicilela izinhlelo ezimbili: Uhlelo Lwesikole Sendiza Yendiza Yentengo Engaguquki ngo- $ 85,900, kanye ne- Uhlelo lwe-US Airline Pilot Career Programme ngo-$49,950. Ukuze uthole izilinganiso ezizimele, kufaka phakathi isilinganiso sezinsimbi zengxenye 141, bheka eyethu izifundo zokuqeqesha umshayeliAbafundi bamazwe ngamazwe bangasibuza ngokusekelwa kwe-visa ye-M1 lapho bebhalisa.

Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokufinyeza isikhathi sakho

  • Lungisa isigqi samasonto onke ngaphambi kokuba uqale. Izikhathi zesifundo ezivinjiwe kanye nesikhathi sokufunda phansi ngendlela obungenza ngayo umsebenzi.
  • Phumelela ukuhlolwa kolwazi kusenesikhathi. Kususa ukuphazamiseka futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yesifundo.
  • Sebenzisa amadivayisi ukuphindaphinda. Ndiza ngendlela efanayo izikhathi eziyishumi ku-simulator ngentengo ephansi kuneyokuhamba kanye endizeni.
  • Bhala phansi isikhathi sakho sokuhamba ezweni ngamabomu. Yazi inani lakho le-PIC elihamba ezweni lonke ngaphambi kokuthi uqale.
  • Hlela uhambo lokuhlola kusengaphambili. Buza ngokutholakala kwabahloli uma ubhalisa, hhayi uma uqeda.
  • Ungasheshi ukugunyazwa. Uma umfundisi wakho ethi awukakulungeli, izifundo ezimbalwa ezengeziwe zibiza kancane kunesivivinyo esingasebenzi kahle.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kuthatha amahora amangaki ukulinganisa izinsimbi?

Isilinganiso se-FAA esincane sesilinganiso sendiza singamahora angu-40 esikhathi sangempela noma esilingisiwe sethuluzi, kufaka phakathi amahora angu-15 nomfundisi ogunyaziwe, kanye namahora angu-50 esikhathi se-PIC sokunqamula izwe. Abafundi abaningi babhalisa ngaphezu kwesilinganiso esincane ngoba ikhono, hhayi inani lamahora, linquma ukulungela. Umfundisi wakho unquma ukuthi usukulungele nini ukuvunyelwa.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola isilinganiso sezinsimbi zomculo?

Inhlolovo yango-2024 ibike isilinganiso samasonto ayi-16, noma izinyanga ezine. Abafundi besikhathi esigcwele bangaqeda ngokushesha, kanti abafundi abandiza kanye ngesonto noma ngaphansi bavame ukuthatha isikhathi eside. Isimo sezulu kanye nokutholakala kwe-checkride nakho kuthinta inani eliphelele.

Ingabe isikhathi se-simulator singabalwa siye emahoreni angu-40?

Yebo, ama-simulators avunyiwe kanye namadivayisi okuqeqesha izindiza angabalwa esikhathini sezinsimbi ngaphansi kuka-14 CFR 61.65, ngemikhawulo kuye ngedivayisi kanye nemithetho oqeqesha ngayo. Ngokuvamile zishibhile kunendiza yokuphindaphinda izinqubo. Buza umfundisi wakho ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamadivayisi ezivunyiwe enkambweni yakho.

Ingabe iNgxenye 141 ishesha kuneNgxenye 61 ngokukala izinsimbi?

Kungenzeka, ngoba izifundo ezivunyelwe yi-FAA zingasetha izidingo eziphansi zamahora okundiza futhi zilandele uhlelo oluchaziwe. Ukonga kwenzeka kuphela uma uqhubeka nokuhlola kwesigaba ngesikhathi esibekiwe. Ukuqhathanisa okugcwele kusesiqondisweni sethu seNgxenye 61 vs Ingxenye 141.

Ingabe ngidinga isitifiketi somshayeli wendiza ozimele kuqala?

Kumelwe ube nesitifiketi sokushayela indiza sangasese noma ufake isicelo ngesikhathi esifanayo nesilinganiso sezinsimbi. Udinga futhi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo solimi lwesiNgisi futhi uthole izincomo zothisha kokubili ulwazi kanye nezivivinyo ezisebenzayo.

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