Izidingo zesitifiketi somshayeli wendiza kanye namahora okundiza

I-ATP iyizinga eliphakeme kakhulu lesitifiketi somshayeli wendiza e-United States, futhi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zesitifiketi somshayeli wendiza kusho okungaphezu kokufinyelela inani eliphelele lamahora okundiza. Ngezidingo zesipiliyoni sesigaba sendiza ezijwayelekile, i-Federal Aviation Administration idinga amahora angu-1,500 esikhathi somshayeli sendiza, kanye nesipiliyoni esithile ezindaweni ezifana nokundiza ezweni lonke kanye nesikhathi somshayeli wendiza ophethe umyalo. Izindlela ze-ATP ezinqunyelwe zingaba nezidingo ezahlukene zamahora nobudala kubafakizicelo abafanelekile.

Umkhawulo wehora lokundiza uyingxenye eyodwa kuphela yezidingo zesitifiketi somshayeli wendiza, ngakho-ke kuyaqondakala ukuzibuza ukuthi iyiphi indlela esebenza kuwe. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukuthi isitifiketi se-ATP sivumela ini, imithetho ejwayelekile nekhawulelwe yehora lokundiza, kanye nezitifiketi, izilinganiso, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nezivivinyo ezidingwa abafakizicelo. Uphinde ubonise ukuthi lezi zidingo zihambisana kanjani nokuqhubekela phambili ekushayeleni kwezindiza kochwepheshe.

Siyini isitifiketi somshayeli wendiza (i-ATP)?

Isitifiketi se-ATP siyizinga eliphakeme kakhulu lase-US isitifiketi somshayeliIfanelekela abashayeli bezindiza imisebenzi edinga amalungelo e-ATP, okuhlanganisa nokusebenza njengokaputeni wendiza ehleliwe ngaphansi kweNgxenye 121. umshayeli wendiza yezokuthutha Izidingo zesitifiketi zihlanganisa okungaphezu kwesikhathi sokundiza esiqongelelwe: abafakizicelo kumele futhi bahlangabezane nolwazi olufanele, ulwazi, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nezindinganiso zokuhlola. Ukuba nesitifiketi kusungula iziqu, kodwa akuqinisekisi ukuqashwa noma ukugunyaza umshayeli wendiza ukuthi asebenzise zonke izindiza.

Abafakizicelo kumele baqedele izinyathelo ezifanele zesitifiketi sesigaba sabo, ikilasi, kanye nesilinganiso. Izidingo zesitifiketi somshayeli wendiza yezokuthutha izindiza zifaka phakathi ukuphumelela isivivinyo solwazi esisebenzayo kanye nokubonisa ikhono esivivinyweni esisebenzayo. Irekhodi lolwazi kumele futhi lihlangabezane nezigaba ezithile zamahora okundiza ezisebenzayo. Isibonelo, abafakizicelo besigaba sendiza abajwayelekile badinga amahora angu-50 ekilasini lendiza ukuze bazuze isilinganiso esifunwayo. Lokho okuhlangenwe nakho okuqondene nekilasi kuyingxenye yerekhodi elibanzi lezindiza.

Kwabafakizicelo abafuna isitifiketi se-ATP sezindiza eziningi, kudingeka i-ATP Certification Training Program, noma i-ATP CTP. Ngaphansi kwe-Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, abafakizicelo besitifiketi se-ATP sezindiza eziningi zase-US noma isilinganiso sohlobo lwezindiza eziningi ngesikhathi esifanayo kumele baqede i-ATP CTP ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo sokuhlolwa kolwazi. Landela ukulandelana: qedela ukuqeqeshwa, bese ufaka isicelo sokuhlolwa. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kwethula imiqondo yokusebenza kwezindiza ngaphambi kokuba abafakizicelo babonise ulwazi lwabo.

I-ATP CTP ihlanganisa ukufunda ekilasini kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kokulingisa. Le khosi ihlanganisa amahora angama-30 okufundiswa esikoleni samabanga aphansi kanye namahora ayi-10 esikhathi sokulingisa. Izifundo zayo zilungiselela abafakizicelo imisebenzi lapho imithetho idinga i-ATP, okuhlanganisa nezidingo zokwenza izinqumo zokundiza kwenkampani. Izifundo eziningi ze-ATP CTP zihlala izinsuku ezinhlanu. Ukuqeda kugcwalisa izidingo zohlelo lokuqeqeshwa, kodwa akuthathi indawo yokuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo, noma ezinye izindinganiso zokufaneleka. Imfuneko ngayinye inendima ehlukile ekuqinisekisweni.

Isitifiketi se-ATP siphinde silethe imithwalo yemfanelo yobungcweti ngale kokuphumelela ukuhlolwa. Abashayeli bezindiza kumele basebenzise izinqubo, baphathe umthwalo womsebenzi, baxhumane nabasebenzi, futhi benze izinqumo ezinengqondo phakathi nendiza. Abashayeli bezindiza be-ATP baqeqeshwa njalo, bahlolwe amakhono, futhi bahlolwe emigqeni ukuze balondoloze imali. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola ukusebenza ezindaweni zokusebenza, hhayi ulwazi oluboniswa ngesikhathi sokuqinisekiswa kokuqala. I-ATP iyiziqu ezithuthukisiwe, kuyilapho ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nokuhlolwa kusiza ukugcina ukulungela imisebenzi eyabelwe.

Izidingo zehora lokundiza le-ATP

Ukufaneleka kwe-ATP kuncike eminyakeni yobudala, isikhathi sokundiza esiphelele, kanye nolwazi ezigabeni ezithile. Kwabafaka izicelo zezindiza, indlela ejwayelekile ibeka ubuncane obuhlukile besikhathi sokunqamula izwe, umshayeli ophethe, ubusuku, kanye nesikhathi semishini.

Izidingo Ezincane Zobudala Nehora Lokuhamba Ngendiza

Indlela ejwayelekile yesipiliyoni se-ATP idinga ukuthi abafakizicelo bahlangabezane neminyaka ephansi kanye nemingcele eningiliziwe yamahora okundiza. Ngokusho kwe-Federal Aviation Administration, abafakizicelo abasebenzisa izidingo ezijwayelekile zesipiliyoni sezindiza, izindiza ezijikelezayo, noma izilinganiso zokuphakamisa ezisebenzisa amandla kumele okungenani babe neminyaka engu-23 ubudala. Ku-ATP yesigaba sezindiza sase-US, i-Federal Aviation Administration ibeka amahora angu-1,500 esikhathi sokushayela indiza. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba isikhathi esiphelele sodwa asikwazi ukusungula ukufaneleka; isigaba ngasinye sesipiliyoni esidingekayo kumele sihlangatshezwe.

Izidingo Zehora Lokuhamba Ngendiza Ezweni Elihlukile

Isikhathi sokuhamba ngendiza phakathi kwezikhumulo zezindiza esibalwa okungenani i-ATP. Ngokusho kwe-Federal Aviation Administration, abafakizicelo abangaphansi kwemfuneko ejwayelekile yehora lokuhamba ngendiza le-ATP kumele babe namahora angu-500 okuhamba ngendiza. Iphrofayili yesipiliyoni esijwayelekile idinga namahora angu-250 njengomshayeli wendiza ophethe, okungenani amahora ayi-100 okuhamba ngendiza ngaphakathi kwesipiliyoni esidingekayo somshayeli wendiza ophethe noma ofanelekelayo wesibili ophethe. Landelela lezi zigaba ngokwehlukana encwadini yakho yokubhalisa, ngoba indiza eyodwa ingafanelekela isigaba esingaphezu kwesisodwa kuphela uma ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zesigaba ngasinye.

Ukunciphisa Amahora Endiza

Izindlela ze-ATP ezinqunyelwe zinganciphisa umkhawulo wamahora aphelele wabafakizicelo bezempi kanye nabezindiza abafanelekile ekolishi. Umuntu ophothule ekolishi lezindiza leminyaka emine angafaneleka ngamahora ayi-1,000, ngokusho kwe-Federal Aviation Administration; umuntu ophothule ekolishi lezindiza leminyaka emibili angafaneleka ngamahora ayi-1,250. Abashayeli bezindiza bezempi bangafaneleka nge-ATP enqunyelwe ngamahora angama-750. Lezi zindlela zinemibandela ethile yokufaneleka, ngakho-ke isizinda sokuqeqeshwa kanye nendlela efanele kunquma ukuthi yimuphi umkhawulo osebenzayo.

Iphrofayili ejwayelekile yesipiliyoni sendiza ihlanganisa isikhathi esingaphezu kwesamba kanye nesikhathi sokuhamba ezweni lonke. Ihlanganisa futhi amahora ayi-100 ebusuku kanye namahora angama-75 esikhathi sethuluzi. Abafakizicelo kungadingeka bahlangabezane nengxenye yendiza yasebusuku ngaphakathi kwemfuneko yesipiliyoni efanele. Ukuthatha uhambo olufanele ebusuku kanye nokufika endaweni yonke kungathatha indawo yesikhathi sendiza yasebusuku, kuye ngomkhawulo ofanele. Ukurekhoda isigaba ngasinye ngokunembile kusiza ekwembuleni izikhala ngaphambi kwesigaba sesicelo.

Isikweletu se-simulator sinomkhawulo ochaziwe ekubalweni kwesipiliyoni sesigaba sendiza. Akufanele kudlule amahora ayi-100 avela ku-simulator yendiza ephelele noma kudivayisi yokuqeqesha indiza efanelekile. Lowo mkhawulo usho ukuthi isipiliyoni se-simulator singaba negalelo, kodwa asikwazi ukufaka esikhundleni sesipiliyoni sendiza esidingekayo ngaphandle komkhawulo. Buyekeza okufakiwe ngakunye okulotshiwe kwesigaba saso kanye nesimo sedivayisi yokuqeqesha, bese uqhathanisa inani eliphelele nendlela ohlose ukuyisebenzisa.

Ukuhlangabezana namahora kuyingxenye eyodwa nje yokubonisa ikhono lokundiza. Abafakizicelo be-ATP kumele baphumelele ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo okuhlanganisa izindawo zokusebenza ezifanele ngaphansi kwe-14 CFR § 61.157(e). Ukuhlolwa kuhlola ukusebenza kwesigaba kanye nekilasi elifunwayo, kuyilapho amarekhodi amahora okundiza esungula ulwazi lwangaphambilini. Ngakho-ke uhlelo lokulungiselela okusebenzayo kufanele lubhekane kokubili ukuphathwa kwezindiza kanye nolwazi oludingekayo lokusebenza, hhayi amahora asele encwadini yokubhalisa kuphela.

A uhlelo lokuqeqesha indiza oluhlelekile kungakusiza ukuthi wakhe futhi urekhode ulwazi kuzo zonke izigaba ezidingekayo.

Ukufaneleka kwe-ATP okukhawulelwe

Ukufaneleka kwe-FAA kuncike endleleni yesitifiketi, iminyaka, ulwazi lokundiza, kanye neziqu ezisekelayo. I-ATP enqunyelwe, noma i-R-ATP, ivumela abashayeli bezindiza abafanelekile ukuthi bakhonze ngamalungelo anqunyelwe ngaphambi kokuba bahlangabezane nezimfuneko ezijwayelekile ze-ATP.

Ukuze bafanelekele i-ATP ejwayelekile, abafakizicelo kumele bahlangabezane nezidingo zobudala kanye nolwazi lwezindiza olufanele, babe neziqinisekiso zomshayeli wendiza ezidingekayo, futhi baphumelele ulwazi kanye nezivivinyo ezisebenzayo. Abafakizicelo abafanelekile besigaba sendiza esinqunyelwe bangafaneleka ngamahora ambalwa okundiza, kodwa isitifiketi sabo sikhawulela amalungelo omshayeli wendiza ophethe.

Iminyaka kanye nezidingo zezokwelapha kuncike emalungelweni afunwayo: indlela ejwayelekile yesipiliyoni idinga iminyaka engu-23, kuyilapho abafakizicelo besigaba sendiza esinqunyelwe bangafaka izicelo lapho beneminyaka engu-21. Isitifiketi sezokwelapha sekilasi lokuqala siyadingeka ukuze usebenze njengomshayeli wendiza ophethe, kanti isitifiketi sezokwelapha sekilasi lesibili siyadingeka ukuze usebenze njengomphathi wesibili; abafakizicelo badinga nekhono lokuxhumana ngesiNgisi emisebenzini yezindiza.

I-Federal Aviation Administration ithi umuntu ophothule ekolishi lezindiza leminyaka emine angafanelekela i-R-ATP enamahora ayi-1,000. Umuntu ophothule ekolishi lezindiza leminyaka emibili angafanelekela amahora ayi-1,250, ngokusho kwe-Federal Aviation Administration. Lezi zilinganiso zitholakala kuphela uma umfakisicelo ehlangabezana nezimo zemfundo, izifundo, kanye nokuqeqeshwa ezifanele.

Ukufaneleka kweziqu kuhlobene nomsebenzi wezindiza, hhayi nje ukuba nediploma. Iziqu ze-bachelor zezindiza ezifanelekile zidinga amahora angama-60 esikweletu se-semester yezifundo zezindiza kanye nezifundo ezihlobene nezindiza; iziqu ze-associate ezifanelekile zidinga okungenani amahora angama-30 esikweletu se-semester. Abaphothule iziqu ze-Bachelor abanamakhredithi okungenani angama-30 kodwa angaphansi kwama-60 afanelekile bangafaneleka ngamahora okundiza ayi-1,250 esewonke, kuye ngezimo zokuqeqeshwa ezifanele.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwezempi kunikeza enye indlela enqunyelwe. Abashayeli bezindiza bezempi bangafaneleka ngamahora angu-750, kanti abafakizicelo abaqeqeshwe kwezempi bangasebenzisa imfuneko yamahora angu-200 yokunqamula izwe ngaphansi kwemibandela ye-R-ATP esebenzayo. Umkhawulo ngokuvamile ukhawulela ikhono lomnikazi lokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ophethe imisebenzi ethile kuze kube yilapho kuhlangatshezwana nezimo zeminyaka nolwazi oludingekayo. Isitifiketi sinomkhawulo "Onqunyelwe ngokuhambisana ne-14 CFR 61.167."

Kwabafakizicelo bezindiza ezinezinjini eziningi, i-R-ATP ayizishiyi izidingo zokuqeqeshwa, ukuhlolwa, noma zokulinganisa ezifanele. Abafakizicelo kumele bafaneleke ngendlela evunyiwe futhi bahlangabezane nezidingo zesipiliyoni sesigaba sendiza kanye nokulinganisa okufunwayo. Ilayisensi yomshayeli wendiza wangaphandle enamalungelo okusebenza nayo iyindlela yokufaneleka.

Inqubo yesicelo ilandela ukulandelana okuchaziwe: nquma indlela ejwayelekile noma enqunyelwe; hlanganisa izitifiketi zomshayeli wendiza, izilinganiso, amarekhodi endiza, kanye namadokhumenti emfundo; qedela ukuqeqeshwa okudingekayo; thumela iSitifiketi Somoya kanye/noma Isicelo Sokulinganisa, Ifomu 8710-1; bese uphumelela ulwazi olufanele kanye nokuhlolwa okusebenzayo. Ukulandelana kubalulekile ngoba izidingo zokuqeqeshwa kanye nobufakazi bokufaneleka kumele kube khona ngaphambi kwesinqumo sesitifiketi.

Izitifiketi zokuhlola ezidingekayo kanye nezilinganiso

Isicelo se-ATP sakhelwe phezu kweziqu zomshayeli wangaphambili: isitifiketi somshayeli wendiza wezentengiselwano kanye nesilinganiso sethuluzi. Lezi ziqinisekiso zisungula isisekelo sokundiza kobungcweti, kuyilapho i-ATP ibonisa ukufaneleka kwemisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza esezingeni eliphezulu. Iziqu azikwazi ukuthatha indawo yanoma yiziphi iziqinisekiso. Abafakizicelo kumele futhi bahlangabezane nezidingo zesipiliyoni kanye nokuhlolwa kwesigaba, ikilasi, kanye nesilinganiso esifunwayo.

Isitifiketi somshayeli wendiza wezohwebo kanye nesilinganiso sezinsimbi kufeza izinhloso ezahlukene. Isitifiketi sezentengiselwano sivumela umshayeli wendiza ukuthi akhokhelwe ukundiza, kuyilapho isitifiketi se-ATP sidingeka emisebenzini yomshayeli wendiza kanye neminye imisebenzi ethile. Isilinganiso sezinsimbi sinikeza amalungelo ezinsimbi. Lezi ziqinisekiso zakha isisekelo sesicelo se-ATP, kodwa azithathi indawo yokuqeqeshwa okuqondene ne-ATP, ulwazi lwendiza, noma ukuhlolwa.

Isigaba kanye nesigaba kunquma ukuthi yimaphi amalungelo kanye nolwazi lwendiza olusebenzayo. Isilinganiso se-ATP esifunwayo kumele sihambisane nesigaba kanye nesigaba sendiza esihlosiwe somfakisicelo. Kwabafakizicelo bezindiza, isigaba singaba yinjini eyodwa noma injini eminingi; indlela yenjini eminingi inezidingo ezengeziwe zokuqeqeshwa. Hlola ukuthi izitifiketi kanye nezilinganiso kumarekhodi akho okushayela ziyafana nesicelo se-ATP, njengoba ulwazi ekilasini elihlukile lungase lungahlangabezani nemingcele ethile yekilasi.

• Isitifiketi sokushayela indiza sezentengiselwano: Isitifiketi esiyisisekelo sabashayeli bezindiza abahlose ukuthola imali ngendiza.
• Isilinganiso sezinsimbi: Isilinganiso esidingekayo sihambisana nesitifiketi sokuhlola sezentengiselwano sabafakizicelo be-ATP.
• Isigaba se-ATP kanye nesilinganiso sekilasi: Amalungelo esitifiketi afunwayo kumele afane nesigaba sendiza esifanele kanye nesigaba.
• Isilinganiso sohlobo lwendiza: Kudingeka isitifiketi esihlukile ukuze ushayele noma iyiphi indiza enkulu noma esebenzisa indiza.

Okuhlangenwe nakho okuqondene nekilasi kubalulekile. Abafakizicelo abangaphansi kwezidingo ezijwayelekile zehora lokundiza le-ATP kumele babe namahora angu-50 ekilasini lendiza ukuze bathole isilinganiso esifunwayo. Lokho kusho ukuthi umshayeli wendiza ophishekela isilinganiso senjini eziningi zendiza udinga isikhathi sokufaneleka kulelo kilasi, kunokuthembela kuphela esikhathini esiphelele kwelinye ikilasi. Umkhawulo wamahora angu-50 uyingxenye yerekhodi elibanzi lokuhlangenwe nakho kwezindiza, hhayi okunye okungafani nezinye izigaba zalo.

Abafakizicelo bezinjini eziningi nabo banesidingo sokufundisa abathwali bezindiza abagxile. Abafakizicelo abafuna isitifiketi se-ATP esinesilinganiso sekilasi lezinjini eziningi zendiza, noma isilinganiso sohlobo lwendiza esinezinjini eziningi ngasikhathi sinye, kumele bathole okungenani amahora ayi-14 okufundisa ngokusebenza kwezinjini zomoya. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kubhekwana nomongo wokusebenza ngemuva kwesilinganiso. Akuthathi indawo yokuhlolwa okusebenzayo kwe-ATP noma ukuhlolwa kolwazi oludingekayo.

Ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo kwe-FAA kungathathwa endizeni encane ye-piston, kodwa ukukudlula kuphela akugunyazi umshayeli wendiza ukuthi asebenzise yonke indiza. Kudingeka isilinganiso sohlobo ukuze kushayelwe noma iyiphi indiza enkulu noma esebenzisa i-jet. Isitifiketi, isilinganiso sekilasi, kanye nesilinganiso sohlobo olufanele kufeza imisebenzi ehlukile: i-ATP isungula izinga lesitifiketi, ikilasi likhomba amalungelo endiza, kanye nesilinganiso sohlobo senza umshayeli wendiza afanelekele uhlobo oluthile lwendiza.

Ukuhlolwa kolwazi lwezindiza kanye nolwazi

Isitifiketi se-ATP sihlola ulwazi lwezindiza ngezivivinyo ezibhaliwe nezisebenzayo ezihlukene. Lungiselela isilinganiso esifunwayo, ngoba izivivinyo zendiza ezinenjini eyodwa kanye nezinjini eziningi ziyahlukahluka.

Ulwazi lwe-Aeronautical

Ulwazi lwezindiza ukuqonda izifundo zezindiza ezidingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe amalungelo e-ATP ngokuphepha nangokufanele. I-FAA ikhomba izindawo zolwazi ezisebenzayo ku-14 CFR § 61.155(c), okwenza lezo zifundo zibe uhlaka lokulungiselela ukuhlolwa okubhaliwe. Xhumanisa isihloko ngasinye nezinqumo zokusebenza, njengokuhlola ulwazi lwesimo sezulu, ukuphatha ukusebenza kwezindiza, kanye nokusebenzisa izinqubo. Le ndlela yakha ulwazi kokubili ukuhlolwa kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo yomsebenzi wezindiza.

Ukuhlolwa Kolwazi lwe-ATP

Ukuhlolwa kolwazi lwe-ATP ukuhlolwa okubhaliwe okuhlola izindawo zolwazi lwezindiza ezifanele zesitifiketi esifunwayo. Ukuhlolwa kwezindiza eziningi kuqukethe imibuzo eyi-130 enezimpendulo eziningi, kanti ukuhlolwa kwendiza eyodwa kuqukethe imibuzo engama-95. Abafakizicelo kumele bathole okungenani ama-70%. Ukuthola ukuhlolwa okulungile kwesilinganiso esihlosiwe kubalulekile, ngoba ukulungiselela isigaba noma ikilasi elingalungile kungashiya izikhala olwazini oludingekayo.

Ukuze uthole isitifiketi se-ATP sezindiza eziningi, uhlelo lokuqeqesha isitifiketi kumele lufike ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo sokuhlolwa kolwazi. Ikhodi Ye-elekthronikhi Yemithetho Kahulumeni idinga ukuthi abafakizicelo besitifiketi se-ATP sezindiza eziningi zase-US noma isilinganiso sohlobo lwezindiza eziningi ngesikhathi esifanayo baqedele uhlelo lokuqeqesha isitifiketi se-ATP oludingekayo ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo sokuhlolwa kolwazi. Umfakisicelo kufanele asebenzise inkambo ukuhlonza izindawo zolwazi ezibuthakathaka, bese ebukeza lezo zihloko ngokumelene nezindinganiso ze-FAA ezisebenzayo. Ulwazi lokundiza kwezempi noma i-logbook ebonisa amahora angu-500 ayithathi indawo yalezi zinyathelo zokuhlolwa.

Izivivinyo ezibhaliwe nezisebenzayo zilinganisa amakhono ahlukene. Ukuhlolwa kolwazi kuhlola ukuqonda kwezindiza, kuyilapho ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo kuhlola ukusebenza ezindaweni ezifanele zokusebenza ngaphansi kwe-14 CFR § 61.157(e). Ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo kusebenza esigabeni kanye nesilinganiso sekilasi esifunwayo. Ngakho-ke ukulungiselela kufanele kufake kokubili isifundo esihlelekile kanye nekhono elithile lendiza, kugxilwe emazingeni afanele isitifiketi esihlosiwe somfakisicelo.

Izindleko zokuqeqeshwa kwe-ATP CTP, ukuhlolwa okubhaliwe, kanye nokuhlolwa kokugibela ziyahlukahluka ngokwesimo. Izindleko zincike ezicini ezifana nefomethi yezifundo, ukuphathwa kokuhlolwa, izindiza, kanye nezindleko zomhloli.

Ngaphambi kokuhlola, hlela izinto zokufunda ezizungeze izindawo zolwazi ezifanele kanye nezilinganiso. Isibonelo, umfakisicelo wezinjini eziningi kufanele alungiselele ukuhlolwa kwemibuzo eyi-130 futhi ahlele ngokwehlukana ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo. Ukuphatha igxathu ngalinye njengemfuneko ehlukile yesitifiketi kusiza abafakizicelo ukuphatha inqubo futhi babone ukuthi yini esele ngaphambi kokuba bathole isitifiketi se-ATP.

Isikole Sezindiza e-USA: Uhlelo Lomsebenzi Wentengo Engaguquki

Uhlelo Lomsebenzi Lwe-Flight School USA lwe-Fixed-Price Career luhlinzeka ngendlela egxile emsebenzini yabashayeli bezindiza abangochwepheshe abahlela inqubekela phambili yabo yokuqeqeshwa. Lungafanela abafundi abahlela isitifiketi kanye nezigaba zokulinganisa zezindiza abafuna uhlelo oluhlelekile lokusekela lowo mgomo.

Isinyathelo sakho esilandelayo sincike ezitifiketi zakho zamanje, ulwazi lwendiza, kanye nendlela yokufaneleka. Uma usebenza ukuze uthole iziqu ze-ATP, cabanga ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa kwendiza okugxile emsebenzini kuhambisana kanjani nolwazi oludingekayo, ukuhlolwa, kanye nezilinganiso. Uhlelo Lokulungiselela Izindiza lwe-Flight School USA lusekela abafundi abalungiselela izindiza zezentengiselwano, kanti i-GI Bill Flight Training yayo ikhonza amasosha asebekhulile afanelekela ukuqeqeshwa kwendiza.

Xhumana ne-Flight School USA ukuze uxoxe ngoHlelo Lomsebenzi Lwentengo Engaguquki nokuthi luhambisana kanjani nemigomo yakho yokuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza.

Faka Uhlelo Lwakho Lomsebenzi lwe-ATP Emsebenzini

Guqula imigomo yakho yesitifiketi ibe uhlelo lokuqeqesha olucacile. Beka imigqa esele ehambisana neziqu zakho zamanje, ulwazi, kanye nendlela yomsebenzi ohloselwe yona, bese ukhetha ukuqeqeshwa okusekela lezo zinto eziza kuqala. Uhlelo oluhleliwe luxhumanisa isinqumo ngasinye nendima yobungcweti osebenzela kuyo.

I-Flight School USA inikeza Uhlelo Lomsebenzi Olunentengo Engaguquki, Uhlelo Lokulandelela Okusheshayo lwe-CFI, kanye Nokuqeqeshwa Kwezindiza Kwe-GI Bill. Cabanga ukuthi yikuphi okunikezayo okuhambisana kahle nomzila wakho wezindiza kanye nesigaba sakho samanje sokuqeqeshwa. Ukuqonda izidingo zesitifiketi somshayeli wendiza kuyindawo yokuqala eqinile; ukulungiselela okugxile kanye nokuqeqeshwa okunenjongo kusiza ukuthwala lolo lwazi ezinqumweni zakho zomsebenzi olandelayo.

Xhumana ne-Flight School USA namuhla ukuze nixoxe ngemigomo yenu yokuqeqeshwa kwezindiza kanye nendlela ofuna ukuyilandela. Thatha isinyathelo esilandelayo ngokugxila, futhi uqhubeke nokwakha ikusasa lenu kwezindiza zobungcweti.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Siyini Isitifiketi se-ATP?

Isitifiketi se-Airline Transport Pilot siyizinga eliphakeme kakhulu lesitifiketi se-US pilot futhi sifanelekela abashayeli bezindiza imisebenzi edinga amalungelo e-ATP. Siyisitifiketi, yize abantu ngezinye izikhathi besibiza ngokuthi ilayisensi ye-ATP. Isitifiketi sodwa asigunyazi umshayeli wendiza ukuthi asebenzise yonke indiza: umshayeli wendiza kumele futhi abe nesigaba, isigaba, kanye nezilinganiso zohlobo ezifanele. Isibonelo, ukushayela indiza enkulu noma esebenzisa i-jet kudinga isilinganiso sohlobo esifanele.

Yiziphi izidingo zehora lokundiza ukuze uthole isitifiketi se-ATP?

Ukuze uthole indlela ejwayelekile yesigaba sendiza, abafakizicelo badinga amahora okushayela angu-1,500 kanye nolwazi lokufaneleka kuzo zonke izigaba eziningana. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amahora angu-500 okuhamba ezweni lonke, amahora angu-250 njengomshayeli wendiza ophethe, amahora angu-100 ebusuku, kanye namahora angu-75 ezinsimbi. Ingqikithi yencwadi yokubhalisa ngokwayo ayibonisi ukuthi zonke izidingo ziyaneliswa yini. Hlela okufakiwe ngezigaba futhi uqinisekise ukuthi isigaba sendiza, ukusebenza ebusuku, ulwazi lwezinsimbi, kanye nezindiza eziya ezweni lonke kubhalwe phansi ngokunembile.

Iyini i-R-ATP uma iqhathaniswa neLayisensi ye-ATP?

Isitifiketi se-R-ATP yisitifiketi se-Airline Transport Pilot esinamalungelo anqunyelwe, hhayi ilayisensi ehlukile. Abafakizicelo abafanelekile bangafaneleka ngamahora ambalwa okundiza ngezindlela ezithile zempi noma zasekolishi. Lo mkhawulo uthinta imisebenzi evunyelwe yomshayeli wendiza: umnikazi we-R-ATP angasebenza njengomshayeli wendiza osizayo kuze kube yilapho ehlangabezana nezimo zeminyaka kanye nesipiliyoni ezifanele zamalungelo anqunyelwe. Isitifiketi sinomkhawulo "Onqunyelwe ngokuhambisana ne-14 CFR 61.167."

Mangaki amahora okundiza adingekayo ukuze uthole isitifiketi se-ATP ngaphansi kweNgxenye 61?

Kwindlela ejwayelekile yesigaba sendiza, imfuneko iyonke ingamahora okushayela angu-1,500, kanye nolwazi oludingekayo ezigabeni ezithile zendiza. Izinto zokufaneleka ze-FAA zimboza abafakizicelo abasebenza ngaphansi kwe-14 CFR Ingxenye 61 noma Ingxenye 141. Umthetho wokuqeqesha awuwenzi izigaba zesipiliyoni zishintshelane: abafakizicelo kusadingeka babhale phansi ulwazi oludingekayo lokunqamula izwe, umshayeli ophethe, ubusuku, izinsimbi, kanye nekilasi lendiza olusebenza esitifiketini sabo kanye nesilinganiso.

Yiziphi izidingo zehora ze-ATP (R-ATP) ezinqunyelwe kanye nemithetho yokufaneleka?

Isilinganiso esincane samahora e-R-ATP sincike kusizinda somfakisicelo esifanelekile. Umuntu ophothule ekolishi lezindiza leminyaka emine angafaneleka ngamahora ayi-1,000, kanti umuntu ophothule ekolishi lezindiza leminyaka emibili angafaneleka ngamahora ayi-1,250, ngokusho kwe-Federal Aviation Administration. Izindlela zempi zingase zivumele namahora ancishisiwe. Abafakizicelo kumele bahlangabezane nezimo zemfundo efanele, izifundo, ukuqeqeshwa, ubudala, kanye nolwazi; umkhawulo ophansi awususi umkhawulo wokusebenza wesitifiketi.

Yiziphi izivivinyo zolwazi olubhaliwe kanye nezivivinyo ezisebenzayo ezidingekayo ukuze uthole isitifiketi se-ATP?

Abafakizicelo kumele baphumelele ukuhlolwa kolwazi lwe-ATP okusebenzayo kanye nokuhlolwa okusebenzayo kwesitifiketi kanye nesilinganiso esifunwayo. Ukuhlolwa kolwazi lwezindiza eziningi kunemibuzo eyi-130 enezinketho eziningi; ukuhlolwa kwendiza eyodwa kunemibuzo engama-95. Isilinganiso sokupasa okungenani singama-70%. Ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo kuhlola izindawo zokusebenza ezifanele zesigaba kanye nekilasi elifunwayo, ngakho-ke abafakizicelo kufanele balungiselele isilinganiso esithile kunokuphatha noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa njengokuhlolwa komshayeli ojwayelekile.

Yisiphi isifundo se-ATP-CTP esidingekayo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kolwazi lwe-ATP multiengine?

Abafakizicelo abafuna isitifiketi se-ATP sezindiza ezinenjini eziningi, noma isilinganiso sohlobo lwendiza enenjini eziningi ngasikhathi sinye, kumele baqedele Uhlelo Lokuqeqeshwa Lwesitifiketi se-ATP oludingekayo ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo sokuhlolwa kolwazi, ngokusho kweKhodi Ye-elekthronikhi Yemithetho Kahulumeni. I-ATP-CTP ifaka amahora angama-30 okufundiswa komhlaba kanye namahora ayi-10 esikhathi sokulingisa. Ukuqeda kuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zokuqeqeshwa; abafakizicelo kumele basabhale ukuhlolwa kolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa okusebenzayo.

Amahora ezempi, ezindiza zasekolishi, kanye nezindiza zakwamanye amazwe abalwa kanjani ezidingweni ze-ATP?

Izizinda zempi nezasekolishi zingafanelekela abafakizicelo izindlela ezinqunyelwe ngenani eliphansi lamahora aphelele, uma nje behlangabezana nezimo ezifanele. Ulwazi lwangaphandle kumele lubhalwe phansi: I-Flight School USA iyaqaphela isikhathi sokundiza esibhalwe phansi yi-ICAO ngokuqinisekiswa kwe-FAA. Ilayisensi yomshayeli wendiza wangaphandle enamalungelo okusebenza nayo iyindlela yokufaneleka ye-ATP. Gcina amarekhodi asekela uhlobo kanye nenani lolwazi lwakho, njengoba ukufaneleka kuncike ekutheni luhlangabezana kanjani nezigaba ezifanele.