Izidingo Zokulinganisa Izinsimbi Nesikhathi Sokuqeqeshwa Esingokoqobo

Izidingo zokulinganisa izinsimbi zibeka isiteji sokuqeqesha, hhayi usuku lokuqeda oluqinisekisiwe: ngaphansi kweNgxenye 61, abafakizicelo badinga amahora angama-40 esikhathi sezinsimbi zangempela noma ezilingiswayo kanye namahora angama-50 esikhathi sokuhamba ezweni lonke somshayeli ophethe umshayeli. Ihhovisi le-Federal Register lisho isidingo sesikhathi sezinsimbi; Izikole zeNgxenye 141 zinesifundo esihlukile okungenani amahora angama-35 okuqeqeshwa kwendiza. Izifundo zokulinganisa izinsimbi ezisheshayo zivame ukuthatha izinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-12, kodwa isikhathi osidingayo sincike kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho, ishejuli yokuqeqeshwa, kanye nokulungela ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo.

Lokho kuhlukanisa kubalulekile. Ukuhlangabezana nenani eliphansi lamahora abhalisiwe akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi usukulungele ukundiza ngendiza ngezindinganiso zezinsimbi noma ukudlula umjaho wokuhlola. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza imithetho yokuqeqeshwa kwe-FAA, ukuhamba ezweni lonke, isikhathi sezinsimbi, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, kanye nemali, bese ukhombisa ukuthi yini engasheshisa noma yandise indlela. Uzobona nokuthi izidingo zeNgxenye 61 kanye neNgxenye 141 zihluke kanjani, ukuze ukwazi ukulinganisa izinyathelo zakho ezilandelayo ngokusekelwe endleleni oyilandelayo kanye nolwazi osunalo kakade.

Ukuqeqeshwa kolwazi lwezindiza

Ukuqeqeshwa kolwazi lwezindiza kukulungiselela ukuqonda nokusebenzisa izinqubo zezinsimbi ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokundiza. E-United States, izidingo zokulinganisa izinsimbi zifaka phakathi isifundo somhlaba esihlelekile, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, kanye nokulungiselela ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo.

E-United States, izindleko zokuqeqesha ngesilinganiso sezinsimbi zincike emananini ezindiza kanye nabaqeqeshi, inani lokuqeqeshwa kwendiza kanye ne-simulator elidingekayo, kanye nemvamisa yokuqeqeshwa. Intengo incike ekhabetheni futhi inikezwa ngemuva kwesicelo sesilinganiso.

Ukuqeqeshwa Kwasemhlabeni Nolwazi

Ukuqeqeshwa komhlaba kuhlanganisa ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze kusebenze ngaphansi kwemithetho yokundiza kwemishini. Kuxhumanisa ukuchazwa kwesimo sezulu, imithethonqubo, ukuzulazula, ukuhlela indiza, kanye nezinqubo zemishini nezinqumo ezenziwe e-cockpit.

Ukuze uthole isilinganiso sokuqala sezinsimbi ngesifundo seNgxenye 141, ukuqeqeshwa komhlaba kudinga okungenani amahora angama-30. Abafakizicelo beNgxenye 61 nabo kudingeka balungiselele ukuhlolwa kolwazi, kodwa izidingo ezibalwe azibeki isikhathi sokuqeqeshwa komhlaba esifanele salowo mzila. Kunoma iyiphi indlela, ucwaningo kufanele luxhumanise izinqubo nezimo ezingokoqobo, njengokuhumusha ishadi lendlela yezinsimbi ngaphambi kokushayela indlela.

Yakha uhlelo lokufunda oluhlelekile oluzungeze izindawo zolwazi, bese usebenzisa imibuzo yokuzijwayeza ukuthola izihloko ezibuthakathaka. Kumbuzo ngamunye ongawuphendulanga, buyekeza umqondo oyisisekelo kunokubamba ngekhanda inketho efanele kuphela. Idivayisi yokuqeqesha noma i-simulator ingaqinisa indlela izinqubo zezinsimbi ezihambisana ngayo, kodwa ayithathi indawo yokufunda ulwazi lwezindiza noma ukuqeqeshwa kwendiza okudingekayo.

Abafakizicelo kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi kudingeka yini imvume yomfundisi ngaphambi kokubhala isivivinyo esibhaliwe. Phatha lokho kuqinisekiswa njengesinyathelo sokuqeqeshwa esisemthethweni, hhayi imininingwane yokuphatha: kuqinisekisa ukulungiselela ukuthatha isivivinyo. Umfakisicelo kumele aphumelele isivivinyo solwazi esidingekayo, ngaphandle kokuthi umuntu osevele enesilinganiso sezinsimbi akadingi olunye ukuhlolwa kolwazi.

Ulwazi Lwezinsimbi kanye Nokuhlolwa Okusebenzayo

Ukuhlolwa kolwazi lwezinsimbi kuhlola ukuthi ungalusebenzisa yini ulwazi lwezindiza ekusebenzeni kwezinsimbi. Ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo kuhlola ukusebenza kwakho kanye nokwenza izinqumo emisebenzini edingekayo.

Ukuhlolwa kolwazi lwe-FAA Instrument Rating-Airplane kuqukethe imibuzo engu-60 enezimpendulo eziningi, kudinga amaphuzu okuphasa angu-70%, futhi kunomkhawulo wesikhathi samahora ama-2. Umphumela wokuphasa uhlala usebenza izinyanga ezingama-24. Hlela ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo ngaphakathi kwaleso sikhathi sokufaneleka; ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kolwazi kumele kuphindwe ngaphambi kokuba isilinganiso siqedwe.

Lungiselela isivivinyo ngokubukeza imithethonqubo, isimo sezulu, amashadi, izinhlelo zokuzulazula, kanye nezinqubo zethuluzi. Sebenza ngezimo ezidinga ukuthi uhumushe ulwazi, ukhethe inqubo, bese uchaza isinqumo sakho. Ngosuku lokuhlolwa, funda umbuzo ngamunye ngokucophelela bese uhlukanisa amagama afanayo, njengoba umehluko omncane ekubhalweni kwamagama ungashintsha impendulo efanele.

Isivivinyo esisebenzayo siwukuhlolwa komhloli kokuthi uyahlangabezana yini nezindinganiso zokundiza ezifanele. Ukuphumelela isivivinyo solwazi kuphela akubonisi ukulungela isivivinyo esisebenzayo. Buyekeza imisebenzi edingekayo nomfundisi, kufaka phakathi izinqubo zethuluzi kanye nezinqumo ezisekela ukundiza okuphephile. Phatha ulwazi kanye nezivivinyo ezingokoqobo njengezinyathelo ezihlukene, bese uhlela kokubili.

Yiziphi izidingo zehora le-FAA zesilinganiso sensimbi?

Ukufaneleka kwehora kuhlanganisa ulwazi olugciniwe, izidingo zesigaba sendiza, kanye nokuqeqeshwa okuqediwe. Ukuze uthole isilinganiso sendiza, hlukanisa izidingo zesipiliyoni seNgxenye 61 kobuncane bezifundo zeNgxenye 141 ngaphambi kokuhlela ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo.

Ukufaneleka kanye Nokuvunyelwa

Ukufaneleka kusho ukuhlangabezana nesitifiketi, iminyaka, ulimi, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, kanye nemibandela yokuvunyelwa komfundisi ukuze kulinganiswe ithuluzi. E-United States, abafakizicelo kumele okungenani babe neminyaka eyi-17 ubudala, bafunde, bakhulume, babhale, futhi baqonde isiNgisi, futhi babe nesitifiketi samanje somshayeli wangasese noma bafake isicelo ngesikhathi esifanayo sesitifiketi esinesilinganiso sendiza esifanele. Abafakizicelo bangadinga ukuvunyelwa komfundisi ngaphambi kokuthatha isivivinyo solwazi lwethuluzi.

Ukuze kutholakale ukufaneleka kwezokwelapha, i-BasicMed isebenza emisebenzini ye-IFR lapho abashayeli bezindiza behambisana nezidingo zayo, okuhlanganisa nokusebenza e-United States endizeni enesisindo esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-12,500 futhi inabantu abangadluli kwabayi-7. Ubuthakathaka obuvamile bokuhlola uhambo buhlanganisa ukwehluleka ukugcina amazinga omsebenzi, ukuphatha indlela, noma ukwenza izinqumo ezinengqondo zendiza nezindiza. Isibonelo, i-FAA Instrument Rating-Airplane ACS ifuna isivinini somoya ngaphakathi kwamafindo ayi-10, ukuphakama ngaphakathi kwamamitha ayi-100, kanye nezihloko ezikhethiwe ngaphakathi kwamadigri ayi-10 ngesikhathi somsebenzi wayo wokuzulazula ocacisiwe.

Ingxenye 61 kanye neNgxenye 141 Ukufaneleka

Ingxenye 61 kanye neNgxenye 141 ziyizindlela ezahlukene zokuqeqesha ezilawulayo, ezinolwazi oluhlukile kanye nezidingo zezifundo. Ukuze uthole isilinganiso sezindiza zase-US, umfakisicelo ngokuvamile kumele abhalise amahora angu-50 esikhathi sokuhamba ezweni lonke njengomshayeli wendiza ophethe, okuhlanganisa amahora ayi-10 endizeni, ngokusho kweHhovisi le-Federal Register. Isifundo seNgxenye 141 asidingi amahora angu-50 esikhathi sokuhamba ezweni lonke ukuze afanelekele ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo.

Ngaphansi kweNgxenye 61, abafakizicelo kumele bahlangabezane nezidingo zesipiliyoni semishini ezindaweni ezithile zokusebenza. Indiza yokuqeqesha enqamula izwe efanelekile yemishini nezindiza kumele ihambe amamayela angu-250 olwandle emigwaqweni yomoya noma ngomzila oqondisiwe ovela esikhungweni sokulawula ithrafikhi yezindiza, ngokusho kweHhovisi le-Federal Register. Kumele ifake indlela yemishini esikhumulweni sezindiza ngasinye kanye nezinhlobo ezintathu ezahlukene zezindlela ezisebenzisa izinhlelo zokuzulazula.

Isikole se-Part 141 kumele sinikeze okungenani amahora angu-35 okuqeqeshwa kwendiza ukuze kutholakale isilinganiso sokuqala sezinsimbi, ngokusho kweHhovisi le-Federal Register. Leso sifundo esincane asikwazi ukushintshaniswa nezindinganiso zesipiliyoni se-Part 61. Qhathanisa isakhiwo senkambo yendlela nesikhathi sokundiza kanye nolwazi lokuwela izwe oluvele lubhalwe phansi, bese ukhomba ukuthi yiziphi izidingo ezisasele.

Ukuze uhlele, hlukanisa ulwazi oluphelele nokuqeqeshwa okuqondile kuya kusilinganiso sezinsimbi. Qopha inhloso yendiza ngayinye, isigaba sendiza, isimo somshayeli ophethe, kanye nezimo zezinsimbi ngokunembile; lezo zigaba zinquma ukuthi isikhathi siyasebenza yini esidingweni. Isakhiwo esihlelekile uhlelo lokuqeqesha indiza kungasiza ekuhleleni lokho kubuyekezwa ngaphambi kokulungiselela ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwemali yethuluzi kanye nekhono lobuchwepheshe

Imali yezinsimbi iwulwazi lwakamuva oludingekayo ukuze usebenze njengomshayeli wendiza ophethe ngaphansi kwemithetho yokundiza kwezinsimbi. Ingxenye 61 ibeka imfuneko yendlela yokushintshashintsha, kuyilapho ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe bezinsimbi kunikeza indlela ehlukile yokubuyisa imali uma kudingeka.

Ukugcina Imali Yezinsimbi

Ukuze ihlale isebenza kahle, umshayeli wendiza kumele aqedele izindlela eziyisithupha zokusondela kwemishini ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule zekhalenda lokundiza. Izindlela kumele zibe phakathi kwaleso sikhathi sokubheka emuva. Isilinganiso semishini esitifiketini somshayeli wendiza asihlangabezani nale mfuneko yesipiliyoni samuva.

Sebenzisa i-logbook yakho ukulandelela indlela ngayinye kanye nosuku lwayo, ukuze ukwazi ukunquma ukuthi ayisithupha adingekayo awela yini esikhathini sezinyanga eziyisithupha zekhalenda. Uma indlela yangaphambili idlula leso sikhathi ngaphambi kwendiza ehleliwe ye-IFR, bala izindlela ezisele ezifanelekile. Hlola imali ngaphambi kwendiza ngayinye, hhayi kuphela lapho kukhishwa isilinganiso.

Imali kanye nekhono kuhlobene, kodwa kuphendula imibuzo ehlukene. Imali iphathelene nezindlela zakamuva ezidingekayo; ikhono liphathelene nokuthi ungakwazi yini ukuphatha ngokuphephile izidingo zendiza. Ngisho nangemva kokubhala izindlela ezidingekayo, ungadinga ukuzijwayeza okugxile ngezinqubo, ukulawulwa kwendiza, noma ukuphathwa komsebenzi ngaphambi kokundiza ezimweni zangempela zethuluzi.

Ukuhlolwa Kobuchwepheshe Bezinsimbi

Ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe bezinsimbi, noma i-IPC, kuwukuhlolwa okusetshenziselwa ukubuyisa imali yezinsimbi lapho isidingo sendlela yakamuva singasahlangatshezwanga. Ukuhlolwa kumele kube okungenani nezindlela ezintathu zezinsimbi. Umshayeli wendiza obengasebenzi kahle kwezinsimbi isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha angadinga i-IPC enomqeqeshi Wendiza Wezinsimbi Oqinisekisiwe ukuze abuyise imali.

I-IPC akuyona enye indlela yokuhlola ulwazi. Ihlola ukundiza kwezinsimbi ezisebenzayo kunolwazi olubhaliwe lwezindiza. Okokuqala thola izindawo ezibuthakathaka, bese usebenzisa imiyalelo kanye nokuzijwayeza ukundiza ukuze uzixazulule ngaphambi kokuhlola. Ukusethwa kwendlela, ukuzulazula, ukulawulwa kwezindiza, kanye nokwenza izinqumo konke kuthinta indlela ophatha kahle ngayo ukundiza kwezinsimbi.

Gcina amarekhodi ahlukanisa ngokucacile izindlela zokusebenzisa izinsimbi kweminye imisebenzi yokundiza. Uma ubukeza i-logbook yakho, khomba izinsuku zokusebenzisa izinsimbi, isikhathi sezinyanga eziyisithupha zekhalenda esifanele, nokuthi ngabe usuqedile i-IPC. Lokhu kusiza ekutholeni isimo sakho samanje ngaphambi kokwamukela isabelo se-IFR noma ukuhlela indiza enqamula izwe ngaphansi kwemithetho yokundiza izinsimbi.

Yakha ikhono elingaphezu komkhawulo wemali ophansi. Iseshini yokuzijwayeza egxile ingagxila enkambisweni enzima, kuyilapho umqeqeshi engahlola ukuthi uphatha kanjani indiza nomsebenzi ngendlela eqhubekayo. Sebenzisa izimo zangempela zethuluzi kuphela uma kufaneleka endizeni nasemshayelini; ukuzijwayeza okulingisiwe kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ikhono. Izindlela eziyisithupha ezidingekayo zisungula uhlobo lwemali, kodwa ukulungiselela okunengqondo kusabalulekile ekusebenzeni kwethuluzi okuphephile.

Izidingo zesipiliyoni sokuphakamisa okusebenzisa izinsimbi

Isilinganiso sokuphakamisa esisebenza ngezinsimbi sisebenzisa iziqu zokundiza kwezinsimbi esigabeni sezindiza eziphakamisayo. Imfuneko yaso yokuhlangenwe nakho kokunqamula izwe ihlukile kokuhlangenwe nakho kwezindiza, ngakho-ke buyekeza okufakiwe encwadini ye-log yesigaba ngasinye ngokwehlukana.

Ukuze uthole isilinganiso sokuphakamisa esisebenza ngezinsimbi zase-US, umfakisicelo ngokuvamile kumele abhale amahora angu-50 esikhathi sokuwela izwe njengomshayeli wendiza ophethe, okuhlanganisa amahora ayi-10 esisindweni esisebenza ngezinsimbi. Ingxenye yamahora ayi-10 iyingxenye yesamba samahora angu-50, hhayi inani elengeziwe. Landelela isikhathi esiphelele nesigaba esithile ngokwehlukana lapho ubuyekeza ukufaneleka.

Isikhathi sokunqamula izwe sichaza izindiza phakathi kwezindawo, kuyilapho isimo somshayeli ophethe indiza siqopha umthamo owathatha isinyathelo ngawo. Kulokho kufakwa kwe-logbook ngayinye, phawula isigaba sendiza, umzila, kanye nendima ye-PIC. Indiza yendiza ingabalelwa kurekhodi elihlukile lokuhlangenwe nakho, kodwa ayithathi indawo yokuhlangenwe nakho okudingekayo kokuphakamisa ngamandla.

Yakha ukuhlolwa kokuhlangenwe nakho ngaphambi kokuhlela ukuqeqeshwa okusele. Okokuqala, inani lokungena ezweni lonke lindiza njenge-PIC. Okulandelayo, thola ukuthi ingakanani leyo ngqikithi eyayisezindizeni ezisebenzisa amandla okuphakamisa. Bese uqhathanisa zombili lezi zibalo nesidingo samahora angu-50 kanye nengxenye yazo yokuphakamisa enamandla yamahora ayi-10. Le ndlela iveza ukushoda okungafihlwa yinani elilodwa "lamahora okudlula izwe" elingahlukile.

Isigaba sezindiza sibalulekile ngisho noma izindiza ezimbili zabelana ngomzila ofanayo. Isibonelo, umshayeli wendiza onamahora angu-50 e-PIC anqamula izwe, kodwa angaphansi kuka-10 e-power-lift, akakahlangabezani nomkhawulo wesipiliyoni oshiwo wesigaba esithile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufinyelela amahora angu-10 e-power-lift ngokwako akwanelisi inani eliphelele uma isikhathi se-PIC esiphelele sihlala singaphansi kwamahora angu-50.

Gcina okufakiwe kwe-logbook eqhutshwa ngamandla kufundeka futhi kuhambisana. Qopha izikhumulo zezindiza zokuhamba nezindawo oya kuzo, ukuhlonza izindiza, ubude bendiza, kanye nesimo se-PIC njengengxenye yenqubo yakho evamile yokubhalisa. Uma ubukeza amarekhodi akho, hlanganisa okufakiwe nenani lezigaba esikhundleni sokuthembela kwimemori noma ekulinganisweni okuzungezwe. Amarekhodi acacile enza kube lula ukuhlonza ulwazi olusaludingayo.

Ungaphathi indiza, indiza enophephela emhlane, kanye nolwazi lokuphakamisa olusebenzisa amandla njengokushintshana. Imfuneko yokuphakamisa olusebenzisa amandla ichaza isikhathi sokuphakamisa olusebenzisa amandla, kuyilapho izidingo zensimbi nendiza zisebenzisa isikhathi sendiza. Umthetho ohlukile wendiza yokuqeqesha yendiza enophephela emhlane idinga amamayela ayi-100 olwandle emigwaqweni yomoya noma ngokuqondisa umzila ovela esikhungweni sokulawula ithrafikhi yendiza. Lelo banga eliqondene nendiza enophephela emhlane akufanele liphazanyiswe nesidingo sehora le-PIC sokuphakamisa olusebenzisa amandla.

Ukuhlela phansi kungavimbela izikhala ezingagwenywa: buyekeza i-logbook, hlela okufakiwe ngesigaba sezindiza, bese ubala inani le-PIC eliwela izwe ngaphambi kokuhlela izindiza ezengeziwe. Bese usebenzisa igebe elisele esigabeni ngasinye ukuqondisa uhlelo lokwakha ulwazi. Kumfakisicelo ophishekela amalungelo okuphakamisa ngamandla, isheke elinqumayo yinani eliphelele: amahora angu-50 e-PIC eliwela izwe kanye namahora ayi-10 okuphakamisa ngamandla ngaphakathi kwawo.

Isikhathi sangempela noma esilingisiwe sethuluzi

Isikhathi sethuluzi siwumkhuba obhalwe phansi ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela noma ezilingisiwe zethuluzi ezindaweni ezithile zokusebenza. Ngaphansi kwe-14 CFR 61.65, umfakisicelo wokulinganisa ithuluzi kumele abhale amahora angama-40 esikhathi sangempela noma elingisiwe sethuluzi ezindaweni ezithile zokusebenza, ngokusho kweHhovisi le-Federal Register.

Isikhathi sangempela sethuluzi siwulwazi olutholakala ngenkathi kusetshenziswa izinsimbi ezimweni zangempela zethuluzi. Isikhathi sethuluzi elilingisiwe sihilela ukuzijwayeza ezimweni ezilingisiwe, njengokusebenzisa idivayisi ekhawulela ukubuka nomfundisi noma ukusebenzisa idivayisi yokuqeqesha evunyiwe. Kokubili kungabalwa emfunweni wesipiliyoni uma kubhalwe kahle futhi ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yesikweletu efanele.

Iziqu zomfundisi zibalulekile. Ngesikhathi sethuluzi lesilinganiso sezindiza zase-US, okungenani amahora ayi-15 kumele amukelwe kumfundisi ogunyaziwe onesilinganiso sezindiza, ngokusho kweHhovisi le-Federal Register. Bhala phansi iziqinisekiso zomfundisi kanye nokuqeqeshwa akutholile, kunokuthembela kuphela esibalweni samahora aphelele.

Amadivayisi okuqeqesha izindiza anganezela emiyalweni yezindiza, kodwa amakhredithi awo anemingcele. Umfakisicelo wase-US angase anikeze isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ayi-10 sesikhathi sethuluzi esitholwe kudivayisi yokuqeqesha izindiza eyisisekelo maqondana nezidingo zesikhathi sethuluzi, ngokusho kweHhovisi le-Federal Register. Ngaphansi kweNgxenye 61, amahora afinyelela kwangu-20 ku-Advanced Aviation Training Device angabalwa maqondana nezidingo zesipiliyoni.

Izibonelelo zamadivayisi nazo zincike ekutheni ukuqeqeshwa kwenziwa kanjani. Ngaphandle kwesibonelelo sokulingisa seNgxenye 142, awekho amahora angaphezu kwangu-20 aphelele angafakwa kuzo zonke izilingisi, amadivayisi okuqeqesha izindiza, amadivayisi okuqeqesha izindiza, noma inhlanganisela. Ngesikhathi sezinsimbi eziqediwe ngaphansi kweNgxenye 142, kungafika emahoreni angu-30 ku-simulator yendiza ephelele noma idivayisi yokuqeqesha izindiza. Gcina uhlobo lwedivayisi kanye nesisekelo sokuqeqesha kuhlukile encwadini yokubhalisa.

Okuhlangenwe nakho kokunqamula izwe kuhlukile esikhathini samahora angu-40 sesikhathi sethuluzi. Ukuze uthole isilinganiso sethuluzi nendiza, indiza yokuqeqesha ye-IFR yokunqamula izwe edingekayo kumele imboze amamayela angu-250 olwandle emigwaqweni yomoya noma ngomzila oqondisiwe ovela esikhungweni sokulawula ithrafikhi yezindiza, ngokusho kweHhovisi le-Federal Register. Indiza kumele ifake indlela yethuluzi esikhumulweni sezindiza ngasinye kanye nezinhlobo ezintathu ezahlukene zezindlela ezisebenzisa izinhlelo zokuzulazula.

Hlela amarekhodi ngendiza yendiza, iseshini yokulingisa, idivayisi yokuqeqesha, umfundisi, kanye nenqubo eqediwe. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuhlonza ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi esisebenzayo nokuthi indlela ngayinye noma umsebenzi ubhaliwe yini. Isitifiketi somshayeli wendiza wangasese kanye nokulungiselela ulwazi lwezindiza kubhekwana nezindawo ezihlukile zokufaneleka; akukho okunye okuthatha indawo yesipiliyoni semishini egciniwe. Ikhono lolimi lwesiNgisi nalo liyimfuneko yomfakisicelo, hhayi ikhredithi yamahora emishini.

Ukuze kwenziwe umkhuba ohlelekile ovumelanisa izikhathi zezindiza nemishini nezinqubo zemishini, hlela ukuqeqeshwa kokundiza kwezinsimbi mayelana nolwazi olusadingeka.

Isikole Sezindiza e-USA: Uhlelo Lomsebenzi Wentengo Engaguquki

I-Flight School USA inikeza Uhlelo Lomsebenzi Olungaguquki lwabashayeli bezindiza abafisa ukuphishekela umsebenzi wezindiza ochwepheshe. Uma usubukeze ulwazi lwezinsimbi, ulwazi, kanye nezindinganiso zobungcweti, cabanga ukuthi isilinganiso sifanelana kanjani nemigomo yakho yokuqeqeshwa ebanzi. Beka izimfuneko ezisele eceleni kwezitifiketi nokuqeqeshwa ohlela ukukulandela, kunokuphatha isilinganiso sezinsimbi njengento ebalulekile.

I-Flight School USA iphinde inikeze uhlelo lwe-CFI Fast Track, i-GI Bill Flight Training, i-M1 Visa Admission Services, kanye nohlelo lwe-Airline Ready. Lezi zinketho zibhekana nezigaba ezahlukene zomsebenzi kanye nezimo zabafundi. Uma usukulungele ukuxoxa ngemigomo yakho yokuqeqeshwa kwendiza kanye nezinyathelo ezilandelayo ezingaba khona, xhumana ne-Flight School USA.

Guqula Uhlelo Lwakho Lokuqeqesha Lube Yindlela Yomsebenzi

Xhuma izidingo zokulinganisa izinsimbi nomsebenzi wokuhlola owakhayo. Nquma ukuthi isilinganiso sifanelana kuphi nochungechunge lwakho lokuqeqeshwa, bese ukhomba ulwazi nokulungiselela okusadingayo. Uhlelo olucacile luhlanganisa isinqumo ngasinye sokuqeqeshwa nenqubekela phambili yakho oyihlosile, kunokuphatha isitifiketi ngasinye njengendawo ehlukile.

I-Flight School USA inikeza Uhlelo Lomsebenzi Olunentengo Engaguquki lokuqeqeshwa okugxile emsebenzini, Uhlelo Lokulandelela Okusheshayo lwe-CFI, kanye Nokuqeqeshwa Kwezindiza Kwe-GI Bill. Lezi zinhlelo zibhekana nemigomo nezimo ezahlukene, ngakho-ke cabanga ukuthi yiziphi ezifanelana kahle nesigaba sakho esilandelayo. Xhumana ne-Flight School USA ukuze uxoxe ngokuthi izinhloso zakho zokuqeqesha zifanelana kanjani nalezi zinhlelo.

Xhumana ne-Flight School USA ukuze nixoxe ngemigomo yenu yezindiza kanye nezinyathelo ezilandelayo. Qhubeka nokuzithiba, futhi wenze indiza ngayinye ibalwe ngokuya kumshayeli wendiza ohlose ukuba yiyo.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ngempela ukuqeda isilinganiso sezinsimbi zomculo?

Isifundo sokulinganisa izinsimbi esisheshayo ngokuvamile sithatha izinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-12, kodwa isikhathi sakho sangempela sincike ekuvameni kokuqeqeshwa, isimo sezulu, ukufinyelela endizeni, kanye nokulungela ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo. Isheduli egxilile inganciphisa izikhala phakathi kwezifundo, kuyilapho ukuqeqeshwa okuphazamisekile kungadinga ukubuyekezwa okwengeziwe kanye nokuzijwayeza. Ulwazi lwakho lokuqala kanye nekhono lokuhlangabezana nendinganiso ngayinye yendiza nakho kuthinta ijubane. Hlela ikhono elibonisiwe, hhayi nje usuku lwekhalenda oluqondiwe.

Ingxenye 61 noma Ingxenye 141?

Ingxenye 61 inikeza indlela yokuqeqesha eyakhelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe ezifanele kanye nokuqinisekiswa; Ingxenye 141 ilandela inkambo evunyiwe nehlelekile. Qhathanisa indlela umzila ngamunye ophatha ngayo ulwazi lwakho olugciniwe, ukuqhubeka kwenkambo, kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwendiza okusele. Isibonelo, umshayeli wendiza onesikhathi esiningi se-PIC sokunqamula izwe angase abe nesisindo esihlukile kunomuntu oqala ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sekhosi sesikole. Ukulingana okungcono kuncike kumarekhodi akho, izintandokazi zokuqeqeshwa, kanye nohlelo lomsebenzi.

Yini ngempela ehilelekile ekuhlolweni kwesilinganiso sezinsimbi?

Ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo kuhlola ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukwenza imisebenzi yethuluzi edingekayo ngokwezindinganiso ze-FAA, hhayi nje izinqubo zokukhumbula. I-FAA Instrument Rating-Airplane ACS ifaka phakathi imisebenzi yokuzulazula, ukusebenza okuphuthumayo, kanye nemisebenzi yokufinyelela ithuluzi. Isibonelo, umsebenzi owodwa wokuzulazula ucacisa isivinini somoya ngaphakathi kwamafindo ayi-10, ukuphakama ngaphakathi kwamamitha ayi-100, kanye nezihloko ezikhethiwe ngaphakathi kwamadigri ayi-10. Imisebenzi yendlela ihlola nokulandelela isiqondiso kanye nokunamathela emikhawulweni efanelekile.

Yiziphi izidingo ze-FAA ukuze uthole isilinganiso sensimbi?

Ukuze uthole isilinganiso sezinsimbi zendiza, abafakizicelo badinga isitifiketi somshayeli wendiza esifanele, ulwazi oludingekayo lwezindiza kanye nokuqinisekiswa, ulwazi lokundiza olufanele, kanye nokuhlolwa okusebenzayo okuphumelelayo. Abafakizicelo kumele okungenani babe neminyaka eyi-17 ubudala futhi bakwazi ukufunda, ukukhuluma, ukubhala, nokuqonda isiNgisi. Ngaphambi kokuhlela uhambo lokuhlola, hlela i-logbook yakho ngesigaba sezindiza, isikhathi se-PIC sokunqamula izwe, ukuqeqeshwa komfundisi, kanye nolwazi lwangempela noma olulingisiwe lwezinsimbi ukuze uthole noma yiziphi izikhala ezisele zokufaneleka.

Mangaki amahora okundiza adingekayo ukuze kulinganiswe izinsimbi ngaphansi kwe-FAR Part 61?

Ngaphansi kwe-14 CFR 61.65, abafakizicelo kumele babhalise amahora angu-40 esikhathi sangempela noma esilingisiwe sethuluzi ezindaweni ezithile zokusebenza. Ukuze uthole isilinganiso sethuluzi nendiza, imfuneko evamile yokunqamula izwe ngamahora angu-50 njengomshayeli wendiza ophethe, kufaka phakathi amahora ayi-10 endizeni. Lezi yizigaba zokuhlangenwe nakho ezihlukile, ngakho-ke ungaphathi isikhathi se-PIC sokunqamula izwe njengesinye sesikhathi sethuluzi. Buyekeza okufakiwe kwe-logbook ngayinye ngesigaba sayo kanye nenhloso yayo efanele.

Yiziphi izidingo zokuhlolwa kolwazi lwesilinganiso sezinsimbi ze-FAA kanye nesilinganiso sokuphasa?

Ukuhlolwa kolwazi lwe-FAA Instrument Rating-Airplane kunemibuzo engu-60 enezimpendulo eziningi, amaphuzu okupasa angu-70%, kanye nomkhawulo wesikhathi samahora ama-2. Ngaphansi kweNgxenye 61, abafakizicelo badinga ukuvunyelwa ngumfundisi ngaphambi kokubhala isivivinyo. Umphumela wokupasa usebenza izinyanga ezingu-24, ngakho-ke vumelanisa ukulungiselela isivivinyo nokuhlela isivivinyo esisebenzayo. Ngemva kwezivivinyo zokuzijwayeza, buyekeza isihloko ngasinye esingabanjwanga bese uchaza umthetho oyisisekelo noma inqubo yethuluzi ngamazwi akho.

Yiziphi izidingo zokuhlolwa okusebenzayo kwesilinganiso sezinsimbi kanye nezindinganiso ze-ACS?

Ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo kuhlola ukusebenza kuqhathaniswa ne-FAA Instrument Rating-Airplane ACS, okuhlanganisa imisebenzi yethuluzi edingekayo kanye nokwenza izinqumo. Kumsebenzi othile wokusebenza, isiqondiso esiqondile nesiseceleni kumele sihlale ngaphakathi kwesilinganiso esingu-¾ engxenyeni yokugcina yendlela. Umsebenzi othile wokusebenza ongaqondile udinga ukuphakama, uma kusebenza, ukuthi kuhlale ngaphezu kwe-MDA +100/-0 amamitha endaweni yokuhla ebonakalayo noma indlela ephuthelwe. Lungiselela ngokuzijwayeza umsebenzi ngamunye we-ACS nokubukeza ukubekezelelana kwawo.

Yiziphi izidingo zokulinganisa izinsimbi ngaphansi kweNgxenye 141 uma kuqhathaniswa neNgxenye 61?

Ingxenye 141 idinga okungenani amahora angu-35 okuqeqeshwa kwendiza ukuze kulinganiswe izinsimbi zokuqala, kuyilapho Ingxenye 61 isebenzisa izidingo zesipiliyoni ezifaka amahora angu-40 esikhathi sezinsimbi zangempela noma ezilingisiwe. Ingxenye 141 yokufaneleka kokuhlolwa okusebenzayo ayidingi amahora angu-50 esikhathi se-PIC sokunqamula izwe esisebenza ngaphansi kweNgxenye 61. Qhathanisa i-logbook yakho ekhona nendlela ekhethiwe ngaphambi kokuqeqeshwa, ikakhulukazi uma uqoqe ulwazi ngaphandle kwenkambo ehlelekile.