Umhlahlandlela Wokuguqulwa Kwelayisensi ye-EASA Yabashayeli Bezindiza be-FAA

Isitifiketi somshayeli wendiza wase-US singakha umsebenzi wokundiza oyingqayizivele, kodwa asinikezi ngokuzenzakalelayo ilungelo lokundiza ngokwezentengiselwano ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-EASA. Lo mhlahlandlela wokuguqulwa kwelayisensi ye-EASA uchaza indlela esebenzayo kusukela ekuqinisekisweni kwe-FAA kuya elayisensini yabasebenzi bezindiza ye-EASA, ukuthi yini ebambezela ijubane labashayeli bezindiza, nokuthi ungahlela kanjani ukuguqulwa okuzungeze umgomo wakho wangempela wendiza.

Isinqumo esibalulekile siza ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kokuqala: ingabe udinga ilayisensi ye-EASA ngoba uhlela ukusebenzela umqhubi waseYurophu, ukundiza indiza ebhalisiwe yi-EASA, noma ukuthuthela unomphela? Uma impendulo inguyebo, ukuguqulwa kudinga ukubhekwa njengomsebenzi, hhayi ukucabanga kokuphatha. Izitifiketi zakho ze-FAA, isikhathi sokundiza, ulwazi lwemishini, kanye nesizinda somfundisi konke kungaqinisa isikhundla sakho, kodwa inqubo yokuguqulwa ihlala ilawulwa yizwe elingamalungu e-EASA elizokhipha ilayisensi yakho.

Indlela ukuguqulwa kwelayisensi ye-EASA okusebenza ngayo

I-EASA ayikhiphi ilayisensi eyodwa yokushayela indiza ehhovisi elilodwa. Izwe ngalinye eliyilungu le-EASA linegunya lezindiza likazwelonke, elaziwa ngokuthi igunya elifanele, elikhipha amalayisense ngaphansi kwemithetho evamile ye-EASA. Lelo gunya linquma inqubo, lamukele isicelo sakho, libukeze iziqinisekiso zakho ze-FAA, futhi likhiphe ilayisensi noma isilinganiso sokugcina se-EASA.

Kwabahloli be-FAA, lokhu ngokuvamile kuwukuguqulwa kwezwe lesithathu. Inqubo akuyona nje ukushintshana kwesitifiketi. Ilayisensi yakho ye-FAA inikeza ubufakazi bokuqeqeshwa kanye nolwazi, kodwa i-EASA ingadinga ukuhlolwa kolwazi lwethiyori, isitifiketi sezokwelapha se-EASA, imibhalo yobuchwepheshe bolimi, ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono.

Indlela eqondile incike kulayisensi onayo kanye nelungelo olifunayo. Ukuguqula isitifiketi se-FAA Private Pilot kuhluke kakhulu ekulandeleni ilayisensi ye-EASA Commercial Pilot ene-Instrument Rating kanye namalungelo e-multi-engine. Umshayeli wendiza onamahora angu-1,500 e-FAA angase abe nolwazi olukhulu, kodwa kusadingeka ahlangabezane nezidingo ezithile ze-EASA theory, i-instrument, kanye nokuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuba afanelekele ilayisensi ye-EASA yobungcweti.

Qala ngelayisensi oyidingayo ngempela

Abashayeli abaningi baqala ngokubuza ukuthi bangayiguqula kanjani isitifiketi se-FAA ATP sibe yi-EASA ATPL. Empeleni, abafakizicelo abaningi abangochwepheshe abatholi i-EASA ATPL engavinjelwe ngokuphelele ngokushesha. Inhloso evamile kakhulu yi-EASA CPL enamalungelo ezinsimbi eziningi kanye nekhredithi yolwazi lwe-ATPL, evame ukuchazwa embonini njengendlela ye-ATPL eqandisiwe.

Leso sakhiwo seziqu senzelwe izikhulu zokuqala zezindiza. Singavumela umshayeli wendiza ukuthi afake izicelo zezikhundla zezindiza uma isilinganiso sohlobo lomqhubi, amazinga olwazi, kanye nezimfuneko zokuqasha sekuhlangatshezwane naso. I-EASA ATPL ephelele ivame ukukhishwa kamuva, ngemva kokuba umshayeli wendiza ehlangabezane nemingcele yesipiliyoni sokundiza edingekayo.

Umgomo wakho ungase uhluke. Umshayeli wendiza ozimele we-FAA ofuna ukuqasha noma ukuba nendiza eYurophu angadinga i-EASA PPL kuphela. Umshayeli wendiza wezentengiselwano obheke ekuqasheni izindiza zaseYurophu udinga iphakheji ebanzi kakhulu. Umshayeli wendiza wenkampani angadinga isilinganiso sohlobo kanye nokuqeqeshwa okuqondene nomqhubi ngaphezu kokuguqulwa kwelayisensi okuyisisekelo.

Ukukhetha ithagethi engalungile kuchitha isikhathi nemali. Ngaphambi kokubhalisa kunoma yisiphi isifundo, thola isigaba sendiza, izwe oqashwe kulo, umqhubi ohlosiwe, nokuthi udinga amalungelo angasese, ezentengiselwano, ezinsimbi zomculo, ezinjini eziningi, othisha, noma ezindiza.

Amadokhumenti anquma indawo oqala kuyo

Isicelo sokuguqulwa esinamandla siqala ngamarekhodi aphelele. Izitifiketi ze-FAA zodwa azanele. Iziphathimandla nezinhlangano zokuqeqesha ezivunyiwe zidinga ukulandisa okucacile nokuqinisekiswa kwalokho okuqedile nokuthi ulwazi lwakho lwakhiwe kanjani.

Lungisa isitifiketi sakho sokushayela indiza se-FAA, umlando wezokwelapha, ipasipoti noma imibhalo kamazisi, izincwadi zokubhalisa, amarekhodi okuqeqesha, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kolwazi lapho itholakala khona, ulwazi lwemishini, kanye nobufakazi bokukwazi ukukhuluma isiNgisi. Gcina amakhophi edijithali, kodwa lindela ukuthi iziphathimandla zicele amakhophi okuqala noma aqinisekisiwe. Izincwadi zokubhalisa ezingaphelele zingenye yezimbangela zokulibaziseka ezingagwenywa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho umshayeli wendiza edinga ukufakazela isikhathi se-PIC, isikhathi semishini, isikhathi sezinjini eziningi, ulwazi lokuhamba ezweni lonke, noma ukuqeqeshwa okuqediwe esigabeni esithile sendiza.

Lungela ukuhlolwa kwe-logbook yakho ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo. Isikhathi esiphelele sibalulekile, kodwa isigaba nesikhathi sekilasi naso sibalulekile. Umshayeli angaba namahora aphelele ahlaba umxhwele ngenkathi engenawo i-PIC enezinjini eziningi ebhaliwe, isikhathi sangempela noma sethuluzi elilingisiwe, noma ulwazi oluqondile oludingekayo kuhlelo lokusebenza lokulinganisa.

Isitifiketi sezokwelapha sifika kusenesikhathi

Ukuze uthole amalungelo ochwepheshe e-EASA, ukwelashwa kwe-EASA Class 1 kuvame ukuba ngenye yezidingo zokuqala ezinkulu. Ukwelashwa kwe-FAA First Class akudluliseli ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-EASA Class 1. Ukuhlolwa kumele kuqedwe ngomhloli wezokwelapha we-aeromedical ogunyaziwe yi-EASA noma isikhungo sezokwelapha ngaphansi kwemithetho yezwe elikhipha ilayisensi yakho.

Hlela ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma unesifo sezokwelapha sangaphambilini, umlando wemithi, inkinga yokubona, noma ukukhishwa okukhethekile kwe-FAA ngaphambilini. Ukulinda kuze kube yilapho uqeda isikole samabanga aphansi noma ukuqeqeshwa ngendiza okubizayo kudala ingozi engadingekile. Abashayeli bezindiza abaningi baqeda inqubo ngaphandle kobunzima, kodwa uhlelo lochwepheshe lubhekana nokufaneleka kwezokwelapha ngaphambi kwezibopho ezinkulu zezimali.

Uma undiza ngasese, i-EASA Class 2 yezokwelapha ingafaneleka. Ungacabangi ukuthi izinga eliphansi lezokwelapha lanele uma umgomo wakho wokugcina uwukuqashwa endizeni. Isitifiketi sezokwelapha kumele sihambisane namalungelo elayisensi ohlose ukuwasebenzisa.

Izivivinyo zethiyori zivame ukuba yisibopho esikhulu kunazo zonke

Kubashayeli bezindiza abalandela indlela yezentengiselwano noma yezindiza ye-EASA, ukuhlolwa kolwazi lwethiyori lwe-EASA ATPL kuvame ukuba yingxenye ende kakhulu yokuguqulwa. Uhlelo luhlanganisa izifundo ezifana nomthetho womoya, ukuhlela izindiza, i-meteorology, ukusebenza, ulwazi olujwayelekile lwezindiza, ukuzulazula, ukusebenza komuntu, kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza.

Abashayeli bezindiza abaqeqeshwe yi-FAA akufanele bangayithathi kalula le sinyathelo. Ulwazi lobuchwepheshe luyahambisana, kodwa uhlaka lokulawula, amazinga okusebenza, amagama asetshenziswayo, izimiso zokusebenza, kanye nesitayela semibuzo kungahluka kakhulu. Ukuphumelela izivivinyo ezibhaliwe ze-FAA akusho ukuthi ungangena ekuhlolweni kwethiyori ye-EASA ngaphandle kokulungiselela.

Indlela ephumelelayo iwuhlelo lwesikole samabanga aphansi oluhlelekile olunecebo lokufunda elingokoqobo, umkhuba webhange lemibuzo, kanye nomhlinzeki woqeqesho onolwazi ekulungiseleleni izivivinyo ze-EASA. Abazongenela ukhetho bavame ukuzama ukugcina amashejuli omsebenzi ngenkathi befunda, bese bethola ukuthi umthwalo womsebenzi wethiyori usudlulise isikhathi sabo sokuguqulwa ngezinyanga. Uma iYurophu iyinhloso, vimba isikhathi sokufunda esivikelwe futhi uphathe izivivinyo njengomkhankaso wokufaneleka kobungcweti.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwezindiza kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono

Kuye ngeziqinisekiso zakho kanye negunya lelayisensi, ungadinga ukuqeqeshwa kokungafani, ukuqeqeshwa kokujwayelana, ukuhlolwa kobungcweti, noma ukuhlolwa kwamakhono okusemthethweni. Abafakizicelo bezentengiselwano kanye namathuluzi kufanele balindele ukuhlolwa kwendiza ngaphansi kwezindinganiso ze-EASA, okuhlanganisa izinqubo, ukubekezelelana, kanye nokwenza izinqumo zokusebenza okulindeleke kumhloli.

Yilapho abashayeli bezindiza abanolwazi lwe-FAA abangazuza khona enkambweni yokushintsha eqondiwe kunokuphinda ukuqeqeshwa asebekufundile kakade. Umgomo awukona ukufunda kabusha ubuhlakani bomoya obuyisisekelo. Ukubonisa ikhono elijwayelekile le-EASA endizeni, endaweni yasemoyeni, izinqubo zomsakazo, izindlela zokuzulazula, ukusebenza kwemishini, kanye nephrofayili yokuhlola.

Uma amalungelo ezinsimbi eziningi ezisebenzisa izinjini eziningi eyingxenye yohlelo, ziqeqeshe ngamabomu. Abaqashi bezindiza bayabazisa abantu abafika nephrofayili ehlanzekile nebhalwe kahle, hhayi izilinganiso eziningi kanye nolwazi olungacacile. Uhlelo olugxile lunganciphisa ukundiza okuphindwe kabili ngenkathi lukulungiselela ukuhlolwa kwamakhono okuqondile okudingekayo yigunya lakho elikhiphayo.

Khetha izwe elikhiphayo ngokucophelela

Uhlaka lwemithetho ye-EASA luyabiwa, kodwa ukuphathwa akufani kuwo wonke amazwe. Ukutholakala kwe-aphoyintimenti, izikhathi zokucubungula, imithetho yedokhumenti, izinto zokuhlolwa, okulindelwe ngolimi, kanye namandla okuqeqeshwa kungahluka. Ukukhetha kwakho kufanele kusekelwe ekutheni unelungelo lokuhlala kuphi, lapho uhlose khona ukusebenza ngokoqobo, nokuthi ungaqeda khona ukuqeqeshwa nokuhlolwa ngaphandle kokudala izithiyo zokuhamba noma zokufuduka ezingadingekile.

Ungakhethi izwe ngoba nje omunye umshayeli wendiza ethi lishesha kakhulu. Umugqa wesicelo osheshayo awusizi uma ungakwazi ukuhlala lapho ngokusemthethweni, ukuya ekuqeqeshweni okudingekayo, noma ukwakha inethiwekhi yokuqashwa lapho. Igunya elingcono kakhulu ngokuvamile yilelo elisekela isisekelo sakho saseYurophu sesikhathi eside.

Gwema amaphutha okuguqula abiza imisebenzi

Iphutha lokuqala ukucabanga ukuthi i-FAA ATP noma isikhathi esiphezulu siqinisekisa okulingana ne-EASA ngqo. Okuhlangenwe nakho kuyasiza, kodwa amalungelo okuthola amalayisense asekelwe emithethweni. Okwesibili ukulinda kuze kube yilapho ingxoxo yendiza isivele isekhalendeni. Ithiyori ye-EASA, ezokwelapha, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nokucutshungulwa kwegunya kungathatha isikhathi esiningi.

Okwesithathu ukusebenzisa iseluleko esijwayelekile esikhundleni sokuthola uhlu lokuhlola olubhaliwe oluvela kugunya elifanele kanye nomhlinzeki woqeqesho. Izidingo zingashintsha, futhi amacala ngamanye ayahluka. Umshayeli wendiza oguqula i-FAA PPL enamahora ayi-100 akanalo uhlobo olufanayo nokaputeni wendiza oguqula ngemva kwamahora ezinkulungwane ze-turbine.

Okwesine ukuphatha ukuguqulwa njengokuhlukile esu lomsebenzi. Ilayisense yakho, ukugunyazwa komsebenzi, ulwazi lolimi, uxhaso lwezinga lohlobo, kanye nemakethe yokuqasha izindiza kumele kuhambisane. Ilayisense ye-EASA yodwa ayidali ilungelo elisemthethweni lokusebenza eYurophu, futhi ukugunyazwa komsebenzi yodwa akuthathi indawo yeziqu zokuhlola ezidingekayo.

Yakha ukuguqulwa kube uhlelo lwakho lomsebenzi wokuhlola

Kwabashayeli bezindiza abasebenza e-US, indlela enamandla kakhulu ivame ukwakha isisekelo se-FAA sekhwalithi ephezulu kuqala, bese uhlela izidingo ze-EASA ngaphambi kokushiya i-United States. Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-FAA Part 141 kunikeza indlela ehlelekile ngokusebenzisa iziqu zangasese, zezinsimbi, zezentengiselwano, zezinjini eziningi, kanye nezokufundisa. I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy isiza abashayeli bezindiza abagxile emisebenzini ukwakha leso sisekelo se-FAA esihleliwe ngenkathi behlela isitifiketi esilandelayo samathuba aphesheya kwezilwandle.

Gcina yonke irekhodi lokuqeqeshwa, gcina izincwadi zokubhala ezihlelekile, futhi ugweme izikhala ekusebenzeni kahle kwezinsimbi. Lezo mikhuba ziyazuzisa noma ngabe uhlala ohlelweni lwase-US, uthuthela ekutholeni ilayisensi ye-EASA, noma uphishekela umqhubi wamazwe ngamazwe ozazisa zombili.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-EASA kuyadingeka ngoba ukundiza kwezentengiselwano eYurophu kudinga ukuhambisana. Qala ngegunya elifanela indawo oya kuyo, qinisekisa izidingo zezinga lakho lesitifiketi, uqedele ukwelashwa kwakho kusenesikhathi, bese wakha isikhathi esihlinzeka ngokuhlola imfundiso kanye namakhono okufanele ukunakwa. Umshayeli wendiza ohlela ukuguqulwa ngaphambi kokuba kufike umsebenzi umshayeli wendiza olungele ukuthatha isihlalo lapho ithuba livela.