Uqeqesho lwaBaqhubi babucala luthatha ixesha elingakanani, kuquka neemviwo?

Uninzi lwabafundi lugqiba uqeqesho lokuqhuba inqwelo moya lwabucala kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu, nangona ishedyuli ixhomekeke ekubeni babhabha kangaphi kwaye bahlangabezana njani nomgangatho ngamnye wezakhono ngokukhawuleza. I-FAA ifuna ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-40 zokubhabha ukuze kufunyanwe isatifikethi sokuqhuba inqwelo moya sabucala, ngelixa abafundi behlala bebhalisa iiyure ezingama-60 ukuya kwezingama-75 ngaphambi kokuba balungele uhambo lokuhamba. Ngoko ke, ixesha elithathayo ukufumana ilayisenisi yokuqhuba inqwelo moya yabucala lixhomekeke kwiiyure ezingaphezulu kwezona zincinci zodwa.

Loo xesha linokuba nzima ukulicwangcisa, ingakumbi xa izifundo, izifundo zomhlaba, iimviwo, kunye nokulungiselela uhambo oluya ebaleni kufuneka zihambelane. Ishedyuli yoqeqesho eqhubekayo yakha ukuqhubeka, ngelixa imozulu, ucwangciso, kunye nexesha elifunekayo ukuze ukwazi yonke into eyenzekayo kunokuchaphazela inkqubela phambili.

Esi sikhokelo sichaza ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokugqiba, oko kuthethwa yimfuno yeyure yendiza ekusebenzeni, kunye nendlela ukufaneleka kwe-FAA, uvavanyo lolwazi, kunye novavanyo olusebenzayo oluhambelana ngayo nenkqubo. Uza kubona nokuba kutheni amaxesha esifundo kunye nokulungela kubalulekile xa uqikelela ixesha lakho.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iLayisensi yokuPilo yaBucala?

Uqeqesho lwabucala lokuqhuba inqwelo moya ludla ngokuthatha iinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu, kuxhomekeke kwinani lezifundo kunye nenkqubela phambili yazo. Abafundi abasisigxina banokugqiba kwangethuba, ngelixa izifundo ezingaqhelanga rhoqo zidla ngokwandisa ixesha.

Iishedyuli zoQeqesho lweXesha elizeleyo kunye neXesha elingeNxalenye

Ishedyuli yexesha elizeleyo igxila uqeqesho lokubhabha kwiintsuku ezininzi veki nganye, ngelixa uqeqesho lwexeshana luhambelana nezifundo malunga nezinye izibophelelo. Ukuziqhelanisa rhoqo kunceda abafundi bakhe kwizakhono phakathi kokubhabha. Abafundi bexesha elizeleyo banokugqiba uqeqesho kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu; izifundo zexeshana ezihlala zihleli zihlala zithatha iinyanga ezine ukuya kwezintandathu. Ezi ziindlela zokucwangcisa, azikho imigangatho yesatifikethi eyahlukileyo.

Amaxesha oQeqesho ngokuQhekeka kweVeki

Uqeqesho oluqhelekileyo lweveki linani lezifundo zokubhabha ezicwangcisiweyo ngeveki eqhelekileyo. Abafundi ababhabha kabini ukuya kathathu ngeveki badla ngokugqiba uqeqesho lwabucala lokuqhuba abaqhubi beenqwelo moya kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu. Izifundo eziqhubekayo zinokugcina ukuphathwa kweenqwelo moya kunye neenkqubo zazo zintsha; izikhewu ezinde zinokuthetha ukuchitha ixesha lokubhabha uphonononga izakhono zangaphambili. Khetha ishedyuli onokuyigcina kunye nokufunda emhlabeni kunye nokulungiselela iimviwo.

Izinto ezichaphazela uBude bexesha loQeqesho

Ubude boqeqesho buxhomekeke ekuhambelaneni kwesifundo, ukuphazamiseka kwemozulu, ucwangciso lweenqwelo-moya kunye nomqeqeshi, kunye nexesha elifunekayo ukubonisa isakhono ngasinye ngokuthembekileyo. Ukufunda emhlabeni nako kuthatha ixesha: isikolo sasemhlabeni sidla ngokuthatha malunga neeveki ezine. Isifundo esingafundwanga sinokubangela umsantsa, ngelixa ishedyuli ezinzileyo ixhasa ukuqhubeka. Ixesha lilonke ke ngoko lixhomekeke ekufikeleleni kwimiyalelo nakwinkqubela phambili yoqeqesho.

Uqikelelo lweenyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu luchaza uqeqesho lwesatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelomoya, kungekhona zonke iziqinisekiso zenqwelomoya. Luquka imfundo yomhlaba, ukuziqhelanisa nenqwelomoya, ukulungiselela uvavanyo lolwazi, kunye nokulungela uhambo olusebenzayo. Isatifikethi silandela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezifanelekileyo; uqikelelo lwekhalenda aluqinisekisi ukuba wonke umfundi uza kugqiba ngomhla omnye.

Isikolo sokubhabha, iklabhu yokubhabha, okanye umqeqeshi ozimeleyo ngamnye unokubonelela ngendawo yoqeqesho, kodwa indawo yodwa ayichazi ixesha lokugqiba. Ishedyuli, ukuqhubeka kwemfundo, ukufikelela kwinqwelo moya, kunye nenkqubela phambili ekufumaneni ubuchule zenza ukuba ixesha libe yinyani. Thelekisa isiphumo esisebenzayo sezi zinto endaweni yokucinga ukuba indawo enye ihlala ithatha ixesha elincinci.

Iindleko zoqeqesho lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya zabucala eMelika zixhomekeke kwimeko kwaye zinikwa emva kwesicelo sekowuteshini, kunye nezinto ezinje ngokusetyenziswa kweenqwelo moya, imiyalelo, kunye nobude boqeqesho obuchaphazela iyonke.

Isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelo moya wabucala sahlukile kwindlela yokugqibela yokufaneleka kwenqwelo moya. Ngokutsho kwe-Federal Aviation Administration, isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelo moya eMelika sifuna iiyure ezili-1,500 zexesha lokuhamba ngenqwelo moya. Elo nani liphathelele isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelo moya, hayi ixesha elifunekayo ukuze kugqitywe uqeqesho lomqhubi wenqwelo moya wabucala.

Iiyure eziqhelekileyo zendiza ukuya kwindawo yokujonga umqhubi wenqwelomoya wabucala

Ubuncinane bomthetho kunye neeyure abafundi abazibhalileyo zizinto ezahlukeneyo. Umahluko ubonisa ixesha elifunekayo ukubonisa izakhono ezifunekayo rhoqo.

Ubuncinane beCandelo 61 kunye neCandelo 141 leYure yokuHamba ngeNqwelo-moya

Icandelo 61 kunye neCandelo 141 zimisela amaxesha ahlukeneyo okubhabha kwisatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelo moya wabucala. Ngokutsho kweFederal Aviation Administration, ubuncinci beCandelo 61 ziiyure ezingama-40, ngelixa ubuncinci beCandelo 141 ziiyure ezingama-35. La manani amisela imiqathango, hayi isithembiso sokuba uqeqesho luphela ubuncinci. Akunceda ukwahlula ukufaneleka okusemthethweni kokulungela uhambo oluqhelekileyo.

Uninzi lwabafundi bomqhubi wenqwelo moya abazimeleyo babhala iiyure zokubhabha ezingama-60 ukuya kuma-75 ngaphambi kokuba balungiselele uhambo oluya kujongwa. Olu luhlu lubonisa umahluko phakathi kokufikelela ubuncinci kunye nokubonisa rhoqo izakhono ezifunekayo. Umqeqeshi ujonga ukusebenza kuzo zonke izifundo, aze achaze apho kufuneka khona ukuziqhelanisa okungakumbi. Umfundi ofuna umsebenzi ongaphezulu kwi-maneuver wongeza ixesha lokubhabha ngaphambi kokuba azame uvavanyo olusebenzayo.

Ukuphindaphinda koQeqesho kunye nokuLibaziseka kweMozulu

Uqeqesho oluphindaphindeneyo luchaza indlela izifundo ezenzeka ngayo rhoqo, ngelixa ukulibaziseka kwemozulu kuphazamisa ukuhamba kweenqwelo moya okucwangcisiweyo. Zombini zichaphazela indlela iiyure zokuhamba ngenqwelo moya eziqokelelana ngayo ngokukhawuleza kunye nendlela abafundi abagcina ngayo ukuqhubeka phakathi kwezifundo. Ishedyuli ezinzileyo inceda ukugcina amandla; ukurhoxiswa kwezifundo kunokusasaza izifundo kude kwaye kutshintshe umhla wokujonga olindelekileyo. Uphononongo lomhlaba lunokuqhubeka ngexesha lokuphazamiseka kwemozulu, kodwa aluthathi indawo yokuziqhelanisa neenqwelo moya.

Umgama phakathi kwezifundo ubalulekile kuba uhambo ngalunye lusekelwe kwiinkqubo eziqheliselwe ngaphambili kunye neendlela zokuqhuba. Emva kwesithuba, umqeqeshi angasebenzisa inxalenye yenqwelo-moya yamva nje ukuphonononga izakhono zangaphambili ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke. Imozulu inokuthintela uhambo olucwangcisiweyo. Ezi zinto zitshintsha isantya sekhalenda, nangona imfuneko yeyure encinci yesatifikethi ihlala ifana.

Umqeqeshi uvavanya ubuchule, kungekuphela nje inani leeyure zokubhabha. Ukuba umfundi udinga ukuziqhelanisa ngakumbi nolawulo lweenqwelo-moya, ukuhambahamba, okanye ukulungiselela uhambo olujikelezayo, imiyalelo eyongezelelweyo ingajongana nezo ndawo ngaphambi kovavanyo olusebenzayo. Abafundi abaceba ukubhabha ngeenjini ezininzi kufuneka bakuthathe njengomgomo woqeqesho owahlukileyo; akuyithathi indawo yokuhlangabezana nemigangatho yabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya zabucala kuqala.

Iiyure zokuqhuba inqwelo moya zabucala zikwalinqanaba lokuqala lomsebenzi wenqwelo moya. Ngokutsho kwe-Federal Aviation Administration, isatifikethi sokuqhuba inqwelo moya eMelika sifuna iiyure ezili-1,500 zexesha lokuhamba ngenqwelo moya. Ngoko ke, ukufikelela kwinqanaba lokujonga umqhubi wenqwelo moya zahlukile ekuhlangabezaneni nemfuneko yexesha lokuhamba ngenqwelo moya kamva.

Uyilo isicwangciso soqeqesho lokubhabha inokunceda ukugcina imiyalelo igxile kumava agciniweyo kunye nobuchule bokujika.

Iimfuneko zokufaneleka kunye nesatifikethi se-FAA yomqhubi wenqwelomoya wabucala

Ukufaneleka kwe-FAA kumisela imida yobudala bokubhabha wedwa kunye nokukhutshwa kwesatifikethi. Indlela yesatifikethi ikwahlula amalungelo omqhubi wenqwelo moya wabucala kwiziqinisekiso zorhwebo ezizayo.

Iimfuneko zoBudala zohambo lweSodwa kunye neSatifikethi

Umfundi oqhuba inqwelo moya kufuneka abe neminyaka eli-16 ubudala ukuze abhabhe yedwa, ngokutsho kweFederal Aviation Administration. Umntu kufuneka abe neminyaka eli-17 ubudala ubuncinane ukuze afumane ilayisenisi yokuqhuba inqwelo moya yabucala, ngokutsho kweFederal Aviation Administration. Ezi ziziganeko ezahlukeneyo. Umfundi unokuqala uqeqesho lokubhabha ngaphambi kokuba afaneleke yedwa, kodwa ukukhutshwa kwenqwelo moya yedwa kunye nesatifikethi ngasinye sineminyaka yaso ubuncinane.

Lo mahluko unceda abafundi kunye neentsapho ukuba bacwangcise ixesha loqeqesho ngokweminyaka kunye nezakhono ezibonisiweyo. Umzekelo, umntu oqala ngaphambi kweminyaka eli-16 angafunda aze abhabhe nomqeqeshi, aze afikelele kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo emva kokuhlangabezana neemfuno zobudala kunye nemigangatho yoqeqesho efanelekileyo.

Amanqanaba eSatifikethi soMqhubi

Amanqanaba esiqinisekiso somqhubi wenqwelo moya abonisa amalungelo ahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zamava. Isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelo moya wabucala sisiqalo sokuqala; isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelo moya wezorhwebo sisiqinisekiso samva sokubhabha ngenqwelo moya. Ngokutsho kwe-Federal Aviation Administration, isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelo moya wezorhwebo eMelika sifuna iiyure ezingama-250 zexesha lokubhabha.

Elo nani alilolona nani liphantsi lomqhubi wenqwelo moya wabucala. Liphawula inqanaba elilandelayo, ngoko ke abafundi abajonge ukuqhuba iinqwelomoya zorhwebo kufuneka bahlukanise uqeqesho lwesatifikethi sabucala kwixesha lomsebenzi elibanzi. Isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelo moya lolunye udidi, olunemfuneko yalo yexesha lokubhabha, olwahlukileyo kwiziqinisekiso zabucala nezezorhwebo.

Amanyathelo okufumana iLayisensi yoMqhubi wabucala

Indlela idibanisa ukufaneleka, isikolo sasemhlabeni, imfundo yokubhabha, uvavanyo, kunye nesatifikethi. Inyathelo ngalinye lakha ulwazi okanye izakhono ezifunekayo kwilandelayo, ngoko ke ulandelelwano lubumba ixesha elipheleleyo.

1. Qalisa uqeqesho lokubhabha uze ugqibezele imiyalelo efunekayo emhlabeni.
2. Yakha izakhono zokubhabha kunye nomqeqeshi, uze uqhubekele phambili ekubhabheni wedwa xa ufanelekile.
3. Lungiselela kwaye uphumelele uvavanyo lolwazi lwe-FAA, uze ubonise ubuchule ngexesha lovavanyo olusebenzayo.
4. Hlangana neemfuno zesatifikethi kwaye ufumane isatifikethi sovavanyo lwabucala.

Isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelo moya somfundi sisiqalo solawulo, asisosiqinisekiso sokugqibela somqhubi wenqwelo moya. Ngokwesiqhelo kuthatha iveki enye ukuya kwezimbini ukusifumana, kwaye akukho mfuneko yeeyure zokuhamba ngenqwelo moya ukuze uqale uqeqesho lwaso.

Kwabafundi abaceba ngaphaya kwesiqinisekiso sabucala, uqeqesho lwezorhwebo longeza inqanaba elicacileyo. I-Federal Aviation Administration imisela iiyure ezingama-250 zexesha lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kwisatifikethi sokuqhuba ngenqwelomoya eMelika. I-Federal Aviation Administration idwelisa iiyure ezingama-250 zexesha lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya njengemfuneko yesatifikethi sokuqhuba ngenqwelomoya eMelika.

Ubudala bukwachaphazela xa amanqanaba abalulekileyo enokwenzeka. Umfundi ongekabi neminyaka eli-16 ubudala unokusebenza kwizifundo zesikolo samabanga aphantsi kunye nezifundo zokubhabha ezikhokelwa ngutitshala ngaphambi kokuba afanelekele ukuhamba yedwa. Umntu kufuneka afikelele kwiminyaka eli-17 ukuze afumane ilayisenisi yokuqhuba inqwelo moya yabucala, nokuba uqeqesho luqale kwangethuba.

Cwangcisa ukufaneleka kunye nobuchule. Ubudala obuncinci bumisela ukuba umfundi angafikelela nini kwinqanaba elithile; imfundo kunye nezakhono ezibonisiweyo zimisela ukulungela ukuqhubela phambili. Ukugcina ezi mfuno zahlukile kunceda ekubekeni ulindelo olunokwenzeka kwisatifikethi sabucala kunye nayo nayiphi na injongo yovavanyo lwezorhwebo kamva.

Uviwo olubhaliweyo lwe-FAA kunye nokutshekisha

Uvavanyo lolwazi lwe-FAA kunye novavanyo olusebenzayo luvavanya iindawo ezahlukeneyo zokulungela umqhubi wabucala. Ukulungiselela umhlaba kwakha ulwazi olufunekayo ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo; ukuziqhelanisa nokubhabha kuphuhlisa izakhono ezivavanywa ngumvavanyi. Zombini zifanelekile kwixesha lokugqiba, ngoko ke ukupasa enye akuphelelisi siqinisekiso.

Uviwo olubhaliweyo luvavanya ulwazi lweenqwelo-moya, hayi ukuphathwa kweenqwelo-moya. Isikolo sasemhlabeni kunye nesifundo esizimeleyo sinceda abafundi baqonde imozulu, ukuhambahamba, iinkqubo zeenqwelo-moya, kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza. Umqeqeshi angadibanisa ezi zifundo nezigqibo zokwenyani zokubhabha. Umzekelo, ulwazi lwemozulu lunceda ekucwangcisweni kwendlela, ngelixa uphando lokuhambahamba luxhasa izigqibo ezichanekileyo zokubhabha.

Ukulungiselela kusebenza ngakumbi xa kujoliswe kwizikhewu zolwazi oluthile. Umfundi onengxaki yokutolika itshathi unokulujonga kwakhona ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke nemisebenzi yokucwangcisa enxulumene noko. Le ndlela iyafana nakwimiba yemozulu okanye kwimibuzo yokusebenza kwenqwelo-moya. Uphononongo olugxileyo lwenza ukulungiselela umhlaba kube yinxalenye yoqeqesho lokubhabha, luqhagamshele kwizigqibo ze-cockpit.

Uvavanyo olusebenzayo, olubizwa ngokuba yi-checkride, luvavanya ukuba umfundi angalusebenzisa na uqeqesho lokubhabha. Umvavanyi uvavanya ukulungiselela, ukwenza izigqibo, kunye nokusebenza kweenqwelo moya ngokuchasene nemigangatho efanelekileyo. Ngaphambili, utitshala uchonga izakhono ezifuna ukuziqhelanisa ngakumbi aze alungiselele umfundi uvavanyo. Abafundi kufuneka balungele ukuchaza izigqibo zabo, kungekhona nje ukwenza imisebenzi yokuqhuba.

Ukulungela ukukhwela i-Checkride kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni rhoqo kuzo zonke izakhono ezivavanywayo. Ukuba umfundi unokugqiba ukuqhuba i-manueva kuphela emva kokucelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kunokufuneka ukuziqhelanisa okungakumbi ngaphambi kovavanyo lomvavanyi. Umfundi onokulungiselela, enze, aze achaze ukuhamba kwe-manueva ubonisa unxibelelwano oluqinileyo phakathi kolwazi lomhlaba kunye nokukwazi ukubhabha.

Ukucwangcisa kuchaphazela ixesha elibekiweyo kuzo zombini iimviwo. Abafundi kufuneka balungelelanise imihla yokulungiselela kunye neyovavanyo ngelixa beqhubeka nezifundo zokubhabha ukuze baphuhlise ubuchule obusebenzayo. Imozulu inokuphazamisa uhambo lokubhabha olucwangcisiweyo okanye uhambo olujikelezayo, ngoko ke umhla ocwangcisiweyo awufani novavanyo olugqityiweyo. Ukulandela isifundo somhlaba ngexesha lokuphazamiseka kohambo lokubhabha kunceda ukugcina inkqubela phambili.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo ngalunye njengendawo yokujonga ukulungela eyahlukileyo. Uvavanyo lolwazi luvavanya oko umfundi akuqondayo; uvavanyo olusebenzayo luvavanya indlela olo lwazi oluzisa ngayo izigqibo zokubhabha kunye nolawulo lweenqwelo moya. Ukuba uvavanyo lolwazi lugqityiwe kodwa izakhono zokubhabha zifuna ukucocwa, beka phambili ukuziqhelanisa nokubhabha okongezelelweyo. Ukuba ukubhabha kuyaqhubeka kodwa iingcamango zomhlaba zihlala zibuthathaka, buyela kwisifundo esijolise kuso nomqeqeshi.

Emva kokugqiba ngempumelelo iimvavanyo ezifunekayo kunye nenkqubo yokuqinisekiswa, umfundi ufikelela kwinqanaba lesatifikethi sovavanyo lwabucala. Ukufumana umlinganiselo owongezelelweyo kuhlukile kwaye kubandakanya uqeqesho kunye novavanyo lwayo. Ukuphatha uvavanyo lolwazi kunye novavanyo njengezigaba ezidibeneyo kodwa ezahlukeneyo kwenza isigaba sokugqibela sibe lula ukucwangcisa kwaye kugcina amalungiselelo egxile.

Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokugqiba ilayisenisi yomqhubi wenqwelo moya yabucala

Indlela eluncedo yokuqonda ixesha eliqhelekileyo kukulandela uqeqesho ngokwezigaba, endaweni yokugxila kuphela kumhla wokugqiba. Ishedyuli ecwangcisiweyo ibonisa indlela ukulungiselela umhlaba, ukuziqhelanisa neenqwelo moya, umsebenzi wedwa, kunye nokulungiselela uhambo oluya kudibana ngayo.

Isigaba sokuqala sigubungela iveki yoku-1 ukuya kweyesi-4, sidibanisa isikolo sokuqala sabucala sokuqhuba abaqhubi beenqwelo moya kunye neenqwelo moya zokuqala. Uphononongo lomhlaba lwakha ulwazi olufunekayo ukuqonda iinkqubo zeenqwelo moya, imozulu, kunye nocwangciso lokuhamba ngenqwelo moya. Iinqwelo moya zakuqala zizisa ukuphathwa kweenqwelo moya kunye neenkqubo ze-cockpit. Ukudibanisa ezo zifundo kunceda abafundi basebenzise iingcamango zeklasi ngexesha loqeqesho endaweni yokuphatha ukulungiselela okubhaliweyo kunye nokubhabha njengemisebenzi engadibaniyo.

Iveki yesi-5 ukuya kweye-10 zigxila kwimiyalelo emibini kunye nokwakha izakhono. Umqeqeshi wendiza uqalisa aze aphucule iinkqubo ngelixa umfundi ephuhlisa ulawulo oluqhubekayo lweenqwelo moya. Eli nqanaba limalunga nokungaphezulu kokurekhoda ixesha lokubhabha. Isifundo ngasinye sakhela ekusebenzeni okuthembekileyo, kwaye inkqubela phambili kwisakhono esinye inokuxhasa umsebenzi kamva, njengokulungiselela ukubhabha wedwa okanye umthambo wokuhamba.

Iiveki ezili-11 ukuya kwele-16 zibeka iinqwelomoya zodwa kunye noqeqesho lokuhamba ngeenyawo kwilizwe lonke ngokweshedyuli. Ezi ziganeko zifuna ukusebenzisa iinkqubo ezifundwe ngaphambili ngokuzimela okukhulu. Ukulungiselela ukuhamba ngeenyawo kwilizwe lonke kukwadibanisa ucwangciso kunye nokuhamba ngeenyawo kunye nezigqibo ezenziwe ngexesha lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya. Ulandelelwano lubalulekile: imiyalelo yangaphambili ephindwe kabini iseka isiseko sale misebenzi kamva, ngelixa umsebenzi wedwa kunye nomsebenzi weenyawo kwelinye ilizwe ulungiselela abafundi isigaba sokugqibela sovavanyo.

• Iiveki 1-4: Isikolo sasemhlabeni kunye neenqwelo-moya zokuqala ziseka isiseko soqeqesho.
• Iiveki 5-10: Imiyalelo emibini iphuhlisa izakhono eziphambili zokubhabha.
• Iiveki 11-16: Ukuhamba ngenqwelo moya wedwa kunye noqeqesho lokuhamba ilizwe lonke kwakha ukuzimela.
• Iiveki 17-24: Ukulungiswa kwe-Checkride kunye nesatifikethi kugqiba ulandelelwano olucwangcisiweyo.

Isigaba sokugqibela, iveki ye-17 ukuya kweye-24, sigxile ekulungiseleleni uhambo oluya elwandle kunye nesatifikethi. Abafundi bahlanganisa izakhono zokubhabha, bajongane nobuthathaka obuseleyo, kwaye balungiselela ukubonisa ulwazi lwabo kunye nobuchule babo. Uviwo olubhaliweyo kunye nohambo oluya elwandle oluya elwandle zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezahlukeneyo kule nkqubo. Ukucwangcisa zombini, kunye nemiyalelo eqhubekayo, yinxalenye yokucwangcisa ixesha lokugqiba uhambo.

Olu luhlu lwezigaba ngezigaba luchaza inkqubela phambili ecwangcisiweyo, ngelixa ukugqitywa kwenyani kuxhomekeke kwizihlandlo zesifundo, imozulu, ishedyuli, kunye nokulungela okubonakalisiweyo. Ikhalenda ecinezelweyo ishiya ixesha elincinci phakathi kwezifundo; ishedyuli ende inokusasaza imiyalelo malunga nezinye izibophelelo. Cwangcisa malunga neziganeko zoqeqesho ezigqityiweyo endaweni yokucinga ukuba iveki yokugqibela iya kufika kuba nje ivela kwikhalenda.

Isatifikethi sabucala sahlukile kwindlela ende yomsebenzi weenqwelo moya. Uvavanyo lwezixhobo luvavanyo olwahlukileyo, oludla ngokuthatha iinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Ukufumana ilayisenisi yokuqhuba umqhubi wenqwelomoya kungathatha ezinye iinyanga ezili-12 emva kwelayisenisi yokuqhuba umqhubi wenqwelomoya yabucala. Abafundi abaceba umsebenzi banokwenza hlola uqeqesho lomqhubi wenqwelomoya olucwangcisiweyo oko kuhambelana nesatifikethi sabo sokuqala neenjongo zabo zamva.

Isikolo seenqwelomoya eMelika

I-Flight School USA ibonelela ngoqeqesho lokubhabha kubafundi abacwangcisa isatifikethi sabo sokuqhuba inqwelo moya kunye nokuqwalasela inqanaba elilandelayo lokubhabha. Nje ukuba uqonde ixesha elinokwenzeka, inyathelo elilandelayo kukulungelelanisa ishedyuli yakho yoqeqesho neenjongo zakho, ukufumaneka, kunye nezicwangciso zomsebenzi zexesha elide. I-Flight School USA inikezela ngeendlela ezicwangcisiweyo, kubandakanya iNkqubo yoMsebenzi weXabiso eliQinisekisiweyo, kunye neendlela zoqeqesho ezifana noQeqesho lwe-GI Bill Flight kunye neenkonzo zokungeniswa kwe-M1 Visa kubafundi abafanelekileyo.

Ukuba ukulungele ukuxoxa ngeenjongo zakho zoqeqesho kunye nendlela isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelo moya sabucala esihambelana ngayo nezicwangciso zakho, nxibelelana neFlight School USA.

Guqula Injongo Yakho Yoqeqesho Ibe Yisicwangciso Esicacileyo

Ukwazi ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana ilayisenisi yokuqhuba inqwelo moya yabucala yindawo yokuqala, asilocebo lupheleleyo loqeqesho. Okulandelayo, cinga ngendlela inqwelo moya ehambelana ngayo neshedyuli yakho kunye nento ofuna ukuyenza emva kokufumana isatifikethi sakho. Injongo ecacileyo inceda ekwakheni isigqi sakho soqeqesho, ilungelelanise ukufunda nokuziqhelanisa nokubhabha, kwaye yenze inyathelo ngalinye libe nenjongo.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale, cinga ngexesha onokulibekela bucala rhoqo lezifundo kunye nokulungiselela. Emva koko nxibelelanisa eso sithembiso kunye nesikhokelo osifunayo, nokuba uhambo lokubhabha lwabucala luyindawo oya kuyo okanye inqanaba elinye lesicwangciso somsebenzi esibanzi. Ingxoxo egxile kuyo inokunceda ukuguqula ezo zinto zibalulekileyo zibe yindlela esebenzayo yokuya phambili.

Cwangcisa uqeqesho lwakho lokubhabha neFlight School USA kwaye uthathe inyathelo elilandelayo ukuya kwiinjongo zakho zeenqwelo moya. Uhambo lwakho lokuqhuba luqala ngesigqibo, kwaye isicwangciso esifanelekileyo sinokukunceda uqhubele phambili nenjongo.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba nguPilot?

Kuxhomekeke kwisatifikethi okanye kwinqanaba lomsebenzi othetha ngalo. Uqeqesho lomqhubi wenqwelo moya lwabucala ludla ngokuthatha iinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu, ngelixa ukufumana isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelo moya kwandisa indlela yoqeqesho. Uvavanyo lwezixhobo zeenqwelo moya lelinye inqanaba elahlukileyo. Kumsebenzi weenqwelo moya, isatifikethi sabucala linyathelo lokuqala, hayi isiphelo; cwangcisa isiqinisekiso ngasinye kunye namava afunekayo kwinqanaba elilandelayo.

Luthatha Ixesha Elingakanani Uqeqesho LokuQalisa?

Uqeqesho lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya babucala ludla ngokuthatha iinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu, kwaye izifundo eziphindaphindwayo zihlala zifinyeza ixesha lekhalenda. Abafundi abasisigxina banokugqiba uqeqesho kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu, ngelixa uqeqesho lwexeshana ludla ngokuthatha iinyanga ezine ukuya kwezintandathu. Isikolo sasemhlabeni, izifundo zokubhabha, ukulungiselela uvavanyo olubhaliweyo, kunye nokucwangciswa kohambo lokuhamba ngenqwelo moya konke kuthatha ixesha, ngoko ke isicwangciso soqeqesho kufuneka siqwalasele izifundo kunye novavanyo kunye nexesha lokubhabha.

Zingaphi iiyure zokubhabha ezifunekayo ukuze ufumane ilayisenisi yokuqhuba umqhubi wabucala eMelika?

Ngokutsho kwe-Federal Aviation Administration, ubuncinci beCandelo 61 ziiyure ezingama-40 zendiza kwisatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelomoya wabucala; phantsi kweCandelo 141, ubuncinci ziiyure ezingama-35. Ezi ziimida zexesha lokubhabha eliphantsi, asisosithembiso sokuba umfundi uya kuba ekulungele ukujonga ngelo xesha. Gcina iirekhodi zendiza zicwangcisiwe ngexesha loqeqesho ukuze umqeqeshi akwazi ukujonga inkqubela phambili aze achonge nawaphi na amava afunekayo.

Uqeqesho lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya lwabucala ludla ngokuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni?

Uninzi lwabafundi lugqiba uqeqesho lwabucala lokuqhuba inqwelo moya kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu. Ixesha elimiselweyo liquka okungaphezulu kokubhabha: isikolo sasemhlabeni sidla ngokuthatha malunga neeveki ezine, kwaye uvavanyo olubhaliweyo kunye nohambo olusebenzayo lufuna ukulungiswa kunye nocwangciso. Ukuba ulungelelanisa izifundo nomsebenzi okanye isikolo, bhala iiseshoni zokufunda kunye nokufumaneka kwenqwelo moya kuqala, uze ulandelele inkqubela phambili ngeziganeko zoqeqesho ezigqityiweyo.

Zingaphi iiyure abafundi abaqhele ukuhamba ngenqwelo moya ngaphambi kokuba badlule kuhambo lwabucala lokuhlola inqwelo moya?

Abafundi badla ngokubhalisa iiyure zokuhamba ngenqwelo moya ezingama-60 ukuya kuma-75 ngaphambi kokuba balungiselele uhambo lokuhamba ngenqwelo moya. Elo nani lilonke linokudlula ubuncinci be-FAA kuba utitshala kufuneka ahlole ubuchule bokusebenza, kungekuphela nje inani elirekhodiweyo. Umzekelo, ukuziqhelanisa okongezelelweyo kunokufuneka ukuze kwenziwe umgudu ohambelanayo okanye ukuqinisa amalungiselelo ohambo lokuhamba ngenqwelo moya. Inani elifanelekileyo locwangciso kukulungela komfundi okubonakalisiweyo, kunye nexesha lokuhamba ngenqwelo moya elirekhodiweyo ngokuchanekileyo.

Ufanele ubhabhe kangaphi ukuze ufumane ilayisensi yokuqhuba yabucala ngokukhawuleza?

Ukubhabha kabini ukuya kathathu ngeveki sisigqi soqeqesho esiqhelekileyo esinxulunyaniswa nefestile yokugqiba iinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu. Ukungaguquguquki kunceda abafundi bakhele kwizifundo zamva nje endaweni yokuchitha ixesha lokuhamba ngeenqwelo moya kamva behlola izakhono zangaphambili. Misela ishedyuli evumela izifundo zeenqwelo moya kunye nokufunda emhlabeni. Ukurhoxiswa kwemozulu kunye nezikhewu ezinde phakathi kweenqwelo moya kunokuphazamisa ukuqhubeka kwazo kwaye kutshintshe umhla wokugqiba okulindelekileyo.

Zithini iimfuno ze-FAA zobudala, ezonyango, kunye nesiNgesi zelayisenisi yokuqhuba umqhubi wabucala?

I-Federal Aviation Administration imisela ubuncinane beminyaka eli-17 ukuze ifumane isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelo moya wabucala; umfundi kufuneka abe neminyaka eli-16 ukuze abhabhe yedwa. Ubudala yinxalenye enye yocwangciso lwesatifikethi. Ukufaneleka kwezonyango kunye nokukwazi ukuthetha isiNgesi kufuneka kuthathwe njengezinto ezahluliweyo, endaweni yokuqikelela ukuba umntu uhlangabezana nomlinganiselo weminyaka. Sombulula loo mibuzo kwangethuba ukuze iqwalaselwe kunye noqeqesho kunye nokulungiselela iimviwo.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukucwangcisa nokupasa uvavanyo lolwazi lwabucala lwe-FAA kunye nokuhlola uhambo?

Akukho shedyuli inye yokugqiba uvavanyo zombini. Umhla wovavanyo lolwazi uxhomekeke ekulungiseleleni nasekufumanekeni kwedinga; uhambo lokujonga lukwaxhomekeke kubuchule bokubhabha, ishedyuli yabavavanyi, kunye nemozulu efanelekileyo. Ziphathe njengeziganeko zekhalenda ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, umfundi angaqhubeka nokufunda umhlaba ogxile kuwo ngelixa elungiselela ukuziqhelanisa nokubhabha, aze acwangcise uvavanyo olusebenzayo xa umqeqeshi ecinga ukuba izakhono zokubhabha zilungele uvavanyo.