Lokho Okushiwo Umkhawulo Osusiwe Ekusebenzeni Kwakho Kokufika

Indawo yokugijima engaphambili ibukeka imfushane kunalokho okufanele. Ususondele ekugcineni, ulungiselelwe ukufika, futhi izimpawu zomkhawulo zikude kakhulu phansi kwendlela egandayiwe kunesiqalo sangempela sendlela yokugijima. Okubonayo umkhawulo osusiwe, futhi ibanga eliphakathi kwalapho indlela iqala khona nendawo ovunyelwe ukuhlala kuyo akuyona indlela ehlotshisiwe. Kuyisivikelo sokuphepha esishintsha yonke indlela yokubala oyenzile ngesikhathi sokuhlela ngaphambi kokuhamba.

Iningi labashayeli bezindiza lifunda incazelo yomkhawulo osusiwe ngesikhathi sesikole samabanga aphansi futhi alikaze liwubukeze kuze kube yilapho bebona leyo micibisholo emhlophe endleleni yangempela. Iphutha liwukuphatha njengemininingwane yokumaka kunokuba kube umkhawulo wokusebenza. Umkhawulo osusiwe awuhambi nje lapho uthinta khona. Unciphisa ibanga lokufika elitholakalayo, ushintsha izinketho zakho zokuhambahamba, futhi ungaguqula indlela ejwayelekile ibe yisimo esiphuthumayo sokusebenza uma ungawunaki lowo mkhawulo osho ukuthini.

Lesi sihloko sikukhombisa indlela yokubona umkhawulo osusiwe endaweni yendiza, ukuqonda kahle ukuthi yini ongayenza nokuthi yini ongeke uyenze kuleyo ngxenye yendiza, bese ulungisa ukuhlela kwakho kokufika nokusuka ngokufanele. Uzofunda ukuthi kungani le mingcele ikhona, ukuthi ithinta kanjani imikhawulo yokusebenza kwendiza yakho, nokuthi kwenzekani lapho abashayeli bezindiza beyiphutha. Ekugcineni, uzophatha yonke imingcele esusiwe njengendawo yokwenza isinqumo, hhayi into yokuzibuza.

Kungani Imigwaqo Yezindiza Ine-Threshold Engasasebenzi

Ukucabanga okuvamile kokuthi inkundla yezindiza iqala lapho kuqala khona imigwaqo akulungile kaningi kunalokho abashayeli bezindiza abaningi abakuqaphelayo. Umkhawulo osusiwe ukhona ngoba amamitha okuqala angamakhulu ambalwa omgwaqo awuphephile ukufika, futhi izizathu azivamile mayelana nenkundla yezindiza uqobo.

Ukususwa kwezithiyo yisona sizathu esivame kakhulu sokushayela. Izihlahla, izakhiwo, noma indawo eduze kokuphela kwendlela kudala indlela yokushelela engenza indiza iphansi kakhulu phezu kwezithiyo uma ifika ekuqaleni kwendlela. Ngokuhambisa umkhawulo phansi kwendlela, i-engeli yokusondela iyanda ngokwanele ukususa lezo zithiyo. Emiphakathini ehlala eduze kwesikhumulo sezindiza, umkhawulo osusiwe usho ukuthi izindiza ziphezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusondela kokugcina, okunciphisa ngqo ukuvezwa komsindo ezindaweni zokuhlala.

Imikhawulo yesakhiwo nayo iphoqa ukufuduka. Izingxenye ezibuthakathaka zendlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo, izindawo zokuwela imigwaqo yamatekisi ezisebenzayo, noma izindawo ezinemisele emincane yamanzi azikwazi ukusekela imithwalo yendiza efikayo. Ingxenye esusiwe isasebenza njengetekisi kanye nokugingqika, kodwa indawo yokungena ishintshela endleleni yokuhamba ngezinyawo enesakhiwo esizwakalayo phansi komgwaqo.

Lokhu akuzona izimpawu ezingahleliwe. Umkhawulo ngamunye osusiwe ukhona ngoba umkhawulo wobunjiniyela noma wokusebenza wenza ingxenye yokuqala yendlela yaba engafanele ukufika. I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy iqeqesha abashayeli bezindiza ukuthi bazibone ngesikhathi ukuhlela ngaphambi kohambo lwendiza, ngoba isizathu sinquma ukuthi umshayeli wendiza kufanele aphathe kanjani lo mkhawulo ngendlela esebenzayo.

Umkhawulo osusiwe obangelwe yizithiyo udinga indlela ehlukile yokubala kunalowo obangelwa umgwaqo obuthakathaka. Umshayeli wendiza oqondayo ukuthi kungani umkhawulo ususiwe ngumshayeli wendiza ohlala ngokuphepha ngaphakathi kwebanga elitholakalayo.

Indlela Yokubona Umkhawulo Ongasasebenzi Endleleni Yokusebenza

Iningi labashayeli bezindiza libona ibha emhlophe nemicibisholo bese licabanga ukuthi liyayiqonda imingcele. Ingozi yangempela ukuphatha umkhawulo osusiwe njengokuqala kwendiza evamile, izimpawu zilandisa indaba ehlukile ngalokho ubuso obungaphambili obungakusekela nalokho obungenakukusekela. izinsiza zokuphawula imigwaqo yezindiza kanye nezimpawu umehluko phakathi kokufika okuphephile kanye nokwephulwa kokusebenza.

Isinyathelo 1. Bheka umugqa omhlophe womngcele ngaphesheya kobubanzi obugcwele bendlela yokugijima endaweni esusiwe. Lo mugqa omhlophe oqinile uphawula lapho indawo yokufika esebenzisekayo iqala khona. Konke okungaphambi kwayo akuvunyelwe ukushaya phansi.

Isinyathelo 2. Thola imicibisholo ephuzi edwetshwe engxenyeni esusiwe ebheke emugqeni womngcele. Le micibisholo ikhombisa ukuthi indawo iyatholakala ukuze isuke futhi ithathwe itekisi kodwa hhayi ukuze ifike. Isiqondiso somcibisholo sikutshela ukuthi iyiphi indlela ingxenye esusiwe engasetshenziswa ngayo.

Isinyathelo 3. Hlola ukuthi ayikho yini imivimbo yomngcele engxenyeni esusiwe. Imivimbo evamile yomgwaqo inemivimbo emhlophe elandelanayo, eyisishiyagalombili ohlangothini ngalunye yendlela yomgwaqo enobubanzi obujwayelekile. Uma leyo mivimbo ingekho futhi ubona imicibisholo esikhundleni salokho, umngcele usususiwe.

Isinyathelo 4. Qinisekisa ibanga lomkhawulo osusiwe kupuleti lakho lokusondela noma kumdwebo wesikhumulo sezindiza. I-FAA iphawula ukuthi umkhawulo osusiwe unciphisa ubude bomgwaqo otholakalayo wokufika. Lelo nani liyibanga lakho lokufika elitholakalayo, hhayi ubude obugcwele bomgwaqo.

Isinyathelo 5. Hlola izimpawu ngokubheka ukukhanya kwesikhumulo sezindiza. Izibani zomphetho womgwaqo endaweni esusiwe zingaba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (indlela yetekisi) kunokuba zibe mhlophe (indlela yesitimela). Lesi sibonakaliso esibonakalayo sigcizelela ukuthi indawo engaphambili akuyona indawo yokufika.

Ukuqedela lokhu kuskena kwezinyathelo ezinhlanu ngaphambi kokuba yonke indlela iphendule imininingwane yokumaka ibe yisinqumo sokuphepha. Umshayeli wendiza othola umkhawulo osusiwe ulungisa kusenesikhathi ukubala ibanga lokufika ngaphambi kokuba azibophezele ekukhanyeni.

Lokho Ongakwenza Nokungenakukwenza Esikhungweni Esilahlekile

Imithetho elawula umkhawulo osusiwe ayizona iziphakamiso. Yimingcele yokulawula echaza ukuthi indlela yokugijima esetshenziswayo iqala kuphi futhi iphelela kuphi emsebenzini ngamunye. Ukuyiphutha kusho ukufika endaweni engeyiyo eqinisekisiwe yemithwalo yokushayisana kwe-touchdown.

I-FAA inembile: umkhawulo otholakala endaweni ethile endaweni yokugijima ngaphandle kwesiqalo esibekiwe. Ingxenye engemuva kwayo iyatholakala ukuze isuke kunoma iyiphi indlela kanye nokufika kusuka kolunye uhlangothi. Leso yisimiso somthetho esiphelele emushweni owodwa.

Umehluko obalulekile uphakathi kokufika nokugingqika. Awukwazi ukuthinta ingxenye esusiwe. Kodwa uma ufika ngale kwayo usuka kolunye uhlangothi, uvunyelwe ukugingqika kuyo ukuze uphume emzileni. Lena akuyona indawo engwevu, umugqa oqinile odwetshwe yi-.

Khumbula leli thebula ngaphambi kohambo lwakho olulandelayo. Umehluko phakathi kokuhamba okuphephile nokwephulwa komthetho ukwazi ukuthi ufika ngakuphi nokuthi indlela engaphambili ilinganiselwe yini amasondo akho ngesivinini sokufika.

Indlela Umkhawulo Osusiwe Othinta Ngayo Ibanga Lakho Lokufika

Ubude bendlela yokugijima eshadini akubona ubude bendlela yokugijima ongafika kuyo. Lowo mehluko yilapho abashayeli bezindiza abaningi benza khona iphutha labo lokuqala ngomkhawulo osusiwe, bahlela ukusebenza ngokumelene nebanga eliphelele lendlela esikhundleni sebanga lokufika elitholakalayo, noma i-LDA.

Umngcele osusiwe yi-threshold etholakala endaweni ethile ebaleni lokugijima ngaphandle kwesiqalo esibekiwe se-threshold. I-pavement ngemuva kwayo iqinile futhi ingasetshenziswa kahle ekusukeni, kodwa ayitholakali ngokomthetho nangokusebenza ukuze ifike. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukubalwa kwebanga lakho lokufika kumele kuqale ku-threshold bar esusiwe, hhayi ekuqaleni kwe-asphalt.

Ngokufika endaweni emfushane, lo mehluko ungaba umkhawulo phakathi kokuma ngokuphepha nokubaleka kusukela ekugcineni. Indawo yokugijima engamafidi angu-6,000 enokuhamba okungamamitha angu-1,000 ikunikeza ibanga lokufika elingamamitha angu-5,000 kuphela. Hlela ibanga eliphelele elingamamitha angu-6,000 futhi usuvele wehlulekile ukuhlela kwakho ngaphambi kokundiza. Yingakho abashayeli bezindiza eFlorida Flyers Flight Academy bezijwayeza ukubala i-LDA ngesikhathi ukuqeqeshwa umshayeli commercial, umkhuba wokuhlola umkhawulo osusiwe ngokumelene nebanga elihleliwe uba ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphambi kokusondela ngakunye.

Umphumela wokungazinaki lokhu awuyona inkolelo-mbono. Wonke umshayeli wendiza ophatha ukuphepha kwezindiza okulinganiselwe okususiwe njengoba kungakhethwa ukubala okukodwa okubi kude nokugingqika. I-LDA yinombolo kuphela ebalulekile lapho ufika. Ingxenye esele yendlela yokugijima iyisimo sendawo.

Ukuhlela Ukuhamba Lapho Umkhawulo Ususwa

Ingxenye esusiwe yendlela yokugijima iyatholakala ukuze isuke kunoma iyiphi indlela, kodwa ukutholakala kwayo kuza nogibe. Abashayeli bezindiza bavame ukucabanga ukuthi ubude obuphelele bendlela yokugijima bungasetshenziswa ekubaleni ukusebenza kokuhamba, futhi lokho kucabanga kungaholela ekushodeni kokusebenza lapho izithiyo ekugcineni kokuhamba kuyisici sangempela esivimbelayo.

Ibanga lokusuka elitholakalayo (i-TODA) lingase libe lifushane kunendlela yokugijima, ikakhulukazi lapho izithiyo ezingale kokuphela kokusuka zivimbela i-gradient yokukhuphuka. Ukubalwa kwesisindo kanye nebhalansi kumele kubheke i-TODA yangempela, hhayi ubude bendlela. Ukusebenzisa ishadi lokusebenza elingalungile noma ukweqa ingxenye yokususa izithiyo kuguqula ukuhamba okuvamile kube ingozi.

• Ingxenye esusiwe engasetshenziswa ukugoqa i-takeoff kuzo zombili izinhlangothi
• I-TODA ingase ivinjelwe yizithiyo ezingaphezu kokuphela kokuhamba
• Isisindo kanye nebhalansi kumele kubonise i-TODA yangempela, hhayi ubude bendlela yokugijima
• Ukuphakama kwe-gradient yokwenyuka kwe-obstacle clearance kumele kuqinisekiswe
• Amashadi okusebenza kumele asebenzise i-LDA efanele ukuze aqonde indlela yokuhamba
• I-LDA eshicilelwe ingase ingafaki umkhawulo osusiwe ohlangothini oluphambene
• Hlola umdwebo wesikhumulo sezindiza ngokuqhathanisa namabanga abekwe ngaphambi kwetekisi

I-PPRuNe Ingxoxo ye-LDA yomkhawulo osusiwe iqokomisa ukungahambisani okuyingozi: idatha ethile yemigwaqo ifaka phakathi umkhawulo osusiwe ku-LDA ohlangothini oluphambene, kanti eminye ayikwenzi lokho. Ngisho nonjiniyela abakha le migwaqo abakwazi ukukhumbula njalo ukuthi yimiphi imigwaqo elandela yiphi inqubo.

Qinisekisa i-LDA eshicilelwe ukuze uthole indlela yakho ethize yokuhamba uqhathanise nomdwebo wesikhumulo sezindiza njalo. Phatha noma yikuphi ukungafani njengefulegi elibomvu bese ubala kabusha ukusebenza usebenzisa ibanga elifushane. Umshayeli wendiza othemba ishadi ngaphandle kokuhlola umshayeli wendiza ongakayitholi indlela yokugijima lapho izinombolo zingahambisani khona nomgwaqo.

Kwenzekani Uma Ungazinaki Izimpawu

Indiza iCessna 172 yafika engxenyeni eyayisusiwe yendiza eLaGuardia Airport yashayisana neloli lomlilo elaliqhuba i-drill. Umshayeli wendiza wabona indawo yendiza ngaphambili wacabanga ukuthi iyindlela engasetshenziswa. Lokho kucabanga kwacishe kwabulala abantu phansi.

Ngaphambi: Umshayeli wendiza waphatha yonke indawo egandayiwe njengetholakalayo ukuze ifike. Izimpawu zomngcele ezisusiwe, umugqa omhlophe, imicibisholo ekhomba phezulu kwendlela yokugijima, zazibonakala kodwa zalahlwa njengeseluleko kunokuba kube yimpoqo. Indiza yafika endaweni egandayiwe eyayingavunyelwe ngokwesakhiwo nangokusebenza ukuze ifike. Ukushayisana kwakungagwemeki ngesikhathi amasondo ethinta leyo ngxenye.

Ngemuva kwalokho: Inqubo efanele iphatha umkhawulo osusiwe njengodonga oluqinile lwezinhloso zokufika. Ungalokothi ufike engxenyeni esusiwe. Bala ibanga lokufika usebenzisa i-LDA kuphela, eqala kubha yomkhawulo omhlophe. Lena incazelo ecacile yokuthi kungani lezo zimpawu zikhona nokuthi kungani ukuzishaya indiva kungeyona isinqumo, kuwukwephulwa komklamo wokusebenza wendlela yokugijima.

Ingozi ayizange iphele ngenhlekelele, kodwa iyisikhumbuzo esicacile sokuthi indlela ohamba ngayo emgwaqweni oyibonayo akuyona indlela oyisebenzisayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izimpawu yizona kuphela ezima phakathi kokufika okuphephile nokushayisana.

Ingabe Indiza Enkulu Ingahlala Endleleni Emfushane Enomngcele Ongasasebenzi?

Lo mbuzo uzwakala sengathi unengqondo uze ubheke indawo yokugijima ebonakala ide ngokwanele eshadini kodwa inomkhawulo osusiwe odla ibanga lakho lokufika. Indiza esindayo ayikwazi ukuhlala endaweni yokugijima emfushane enomkhawulo osusiwe ngoba ibanga lokufika elitholakalayo liyancipha ngaphansi kwalokho okudingwa ukusebenza kwendiza ngesisindo nesivinini esijwayelekile.

I-physics ayithetheleli. Indiza enkulu idinga ubude obuthile bomzila ukuze ime kusukela esivinini sayo sokuwela umkhawulo, futhi lokho kubalwa kucabanga ukuthi umzila ogcwele ungasetshenziswa ekukhanyeni nasekuphumeni komhlaba. Umzila osusiwe ususa ingxenye yokuqala yomzila kuleso sibalo, uphoqa umshayeli ukuba angene ajule emgwaqweni futhi anciphise ibanga lokuma ngenani eliqondile lokuhamba.

Isisindo siyayiqinisa inkinga. Indiza esindayo enesisindo esiphezulu sokufika ithwala amandla e-kinetic amaningi okumele ahlakazwe ngokubhuleka kanye nokusunduza emuva. Ngisho nokunyakaza okuncane okungamamitha ambalwa kungadlula ibanga lokufika elidingekayo ngaphezu kwalokho okunikezwa yi-runway esele, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezimanzi noma ezingcolile lapho ukusebenza kahle kokubhuleka kwehla khona.

I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy ifundisa abafundi ukuhlola ukufaneleka kwendiza ngokuqhathanisa imfuneko yebanga lokufika kwendiza ne-LDA eshicilelwe, hhayi ubude bendiza. Lo mkhakha uba yinto yesibili ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kwabashayeli bezindiza bezentengiselwano, lapho abafundi befunda khona ukuthi indiza ebonakala yanele ephepheni ingaba yinto engasetshenziswa uma umkhawulo osusiwe usubalwa.

Impendulo icacile kunoma yikuphi ukuhlela umshayeli wendiza indiza enqamula izwe esikhumulweni sezindiza esingajwayelekile. Hlola i-LDA. Qhathanisa nezinombolo zokusebenza. Uma umkhawulo osusiwe wenza izibalo zibe nzima, indlela yokugijima ayiyona inketho yaleyo ndiza enesisindo esinjalo.

Nqamula Ngokuphepha Ngokwazi Umkhawulo Wakho

Wonke umshayeli wendiza osekufundile kuze kube manje ubona umkhawulo osusiwe ngendlela ehlukile. Ibha emhlophe nemicibisholo akusezona nje izimpawu, kuyisiqondiso esiqondile mayelana nokuthi indlela yokugijima esebenzisekayo iqala kuphi nokuthi yiziphi izibikezelo zokusebenza okumele zishintshe.

Lolu lwazi lushintsha indlela ohlela ngayo yonke indlela kanye nokuhamba. Ngesikhathi esizayo uma udweba umdwebo wesikhumulo sezindiza bese ubona umkhawulo osusiwe, uzoqinisekisa ngokuzenzakalelayo i-LDA, uhlole indawo lapho izithiyo zisusiwe khona, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi ibanga lakho lokusuka lichaza ukuthi indawo yonke iyatholakala yini. Lowo mkhuba uvimbela uhlobo lwephutha oluphela ngeloli lomlilo endleleni yakho noma ukugingqika endaweni.

Yakha ukuskena ohlelweni lwakho lwangaphambi kokundiza. Zijwayeze ukuthola imingcele esusiwe ngesikhathi sokundiza ngakunye kokuqeqeshwa eFlorida Flyers Flight Academy. Imicibisholo ayiyona isiphakamiso. Ingumngcele. Ziphathe njengento eyodwa, futhi konke ukufika nokusuka kuba yisinqumo esenziwe ngolwazi oluphelele kunokuba kube ukubheja ngalokho okuvumelayo endleleni.