Izidingo Zombono Zabashayeli Bezindiza: Lokho Okudingwa Yi-FAA Ngempela

Izidingo zokubona zabashayeli bezindiza zifinyeleleka kakhulu kunalokho ukwesaba okubazungezile okubonisayo, futhi ukwazi kahle ukuthi izilinganiso ze-FAA zishintsha indlela olungiselela ngayo ukuhlolwa kwakho kwezokwelapha.

Inkinga yangempela akuyona indinganiso ngokwayo. Yilwazi olungalungile oluqinisekisa abasafufusa ukuthi badinga umbono ophelele ongalungiswanga noma ukuthi isivivinyo esisodwa esihlulekile siqeda umsebenzi wabo. Akukhona neze iqiniso.

Lesi sihloko sihamba ngezindinganiso eziqondile ze-FAA zokubona okude, okuseduze, kanye nokuphakathi kwekilasi ngalinye lesitifiketi sezokwelapha. Uzofunda ukuthi yiziphi izimo zamehlo ezibangela ukubuyekezwa okujulile, ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kokulungisa kuthinta kanjani ukufaneleka kwakho, nokuthi yini okufanele uyilethe ekuqokweni kwakho kwe-AME. Ekugcineni, uzokwazi ukuthi ukubona kwakho kuyafaneleka yini nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma kungafaneleki.

I-FAA Vision Standard Bambalwa Abashayeli Bezindiza Abayiqondayo

Izidingo zokubona zabashayeli bezindiza ziyisango elilinganisiwe elinezilinganiso ezithile. Okumangazayo ngempela ukuthi bambalwa kangakanani abashayeli bezindiza abasafufusa abaziyo ukuthi lezo zilinganiso ziyini.

Imithethonqubo Yezindiza Kahulumeni idinga ukubona okude okungu-20/20 noma ngaphezulu esweni ngalinye ngokwehlukana ukuze uthole isitifiketi sezokwelapha sekilasi lokuqala noma lesibili. Le nqubo iyasebenza noma ngabe ulungisiwe noma cha. I-FAA ayinandaba nokuthi ufika kanjani ku-20/20, kodwa ukuthi ufika lapho.

Ubukhali bokubona obuseduze bulinganiswa ngamasentimitha angu-16 ngesilinganiso esingu-20/40 esweni ngalinye ngokwehlukana. Abashayeli bezindiza abaneminyaka engu-50 nangaphezulu babhekene nobunzima obengeziwe indinganiso yokubona ephakathi ngamasentimitha angu-32, futhi angu-20/40 noma ngaphezulu. Lawa mamephu aqonde ngqo kumathuluzi okufunda, amashadi, kanye nemibukiso ye-cockpit.

Igebe phakathi kwezitifiketi zezokwelapha zekilasi lokuqala nelesithathu yilapho iningi lezincwadi eziku-inthanethi lihluleka khona. Ikilasi lesithathu lidinga ukubona okude okungu-20/40 kuphela esweni ngalinye. Lowo umehluko obalulekile kumuntu ombono wakhe ongalungisiwe umi ku-20/30.

Ukwazi ukuthi yiliphi ikilasi olidingayo kushintsha indlela olungiselela ngayo. Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ophishekela isitifiketi sezokwelapha sekilasi lesithathu unendawo enkulu kunomuntu ofaka isicelo sebhizinisi ohlose iklasi lokuqala. Izidingo zezokwelapha zomshayeli we-FAA kunezindinganiso ezintathu kuye ngokuthi ufuna ukundiza ini.

Cabanga ngomshayeli wendiza owaphumelela isidanga sezokwelapha sekilasi lesithathu enombono ongalungiswanga ongu-20/40, wabe esenquma ukuphishekela umsebenzi wezohwebo. Lowo mshayeli wendiza ofanayo manje udinga umbono ongu-20/20 esweni ngalinye. Lesi sikhala sibamba abantu bengalindele minyaka yonke.

Isixazululo silula: hlela ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwezokwelapha yi-FAA. Yazi izinombolo zakho ezingalungisiwe. Yazi ukuthi izibuko noma oxhumana nabo bazovala yini igebe. Izinto ezimangalisayo kufanele zisekuqeqeshweni, hhayi ehhovisi lomhloli wezokwelapha.

Indlela Izibuko Nokuxhumana Okushintsha Ngayo Ukufaneleka Kwakho

Inganekwane ephikelelayo kakhulu mayelana nezidingo zokubona umshayeli wendiza ukuthi izibuko zikwenza ungafaneleki. Leyo nkolelo ivimbela abantu abaningi ekufuneni isitifiketi sezokwelapha kunanoma iyiphi inkinga yangempela yokubona. I-FAA ayidingi ukubona okuphelele ngaphandle kosizo. Idinga ukubona okulungisiwe okuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezithile.

Wonke umshayeli wendiza odinga izibuko noma izinto ezithinta amehlo umane azigqoke ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa nangesikhathi endiza. Isitifiketi sezokwelapha sizoba nomkhawulo, "kumele ugqoke amalensi okulungisa", kodwa lowo mkhawulo awuvimbeli indlela yakho yomsebenzi.

Lokho i-FAA Ekuhlola Ngempela Ngamalensi Okulungisa

Ngesikhathi sakho Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA kwebanga lokuqala, i-AME ihlola ukubona kwakho ngenkathi ugqoka umuthi wakho ojwayelekile. Indinganiso iwukubona okude okungu-20/20 esweni ngalinye, okukalwa ngokwehlukana. Umuthi wakho kumele ube ngowamanje. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakho ngudokotela kuqeda le ngozi.

Amalensi Okuxhumana Adinga Indlela Ehlukile Yokuvunyelwa

Amalensi okuxhumana avunyelwe, kodwa i-FAA iwaphatha ngendlela ehlukile. I-AME kumele iqinisekise ukuthi oxhumana nabo abanayo i-monovision futhi inikeze ukulungiswa okuzinzile. Lesi yisikhala esiphuthelwa kakhulu abashayeli bezindiza: ukuxhumana kudinga ubufakazi obubhaliwe bokubekezelelana nokufaneleka. Udinga ukuhlolwa kwelensi yokuxhumana kudokotela wakho wamehlo ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule. Izidingo zezokwelapha ze-FAA zabashayeli bezindiza futhi kudinga ukuthi uphathe izibuko ezisekelayo noma nini lapho undiza unezinto ezithinta umuntu.

Kwenzekani Uma Umbono Wakho Ushintsha

Umbono uyashintsha ngokweminyaka. I-FAA ichaza lokhu ngezindinganiso ezihlukile eziseduze neziphakathi zabashayeli bezindiza abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50. Ukulungiswa kwemithi kadokotela akudingi isitifiketi esisha sezokwelapha. Umane ubuyekeze amalensi akho okulungisa bese uqhubeka nokundiza. I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy isiza abafundi ukuthi bahambe kulezi zinyathelo zokuqinisekiswa kwezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuba ukuqeqeshwa kuqale.

Yiziphi Izimo Zamehlo Ezikwenza Ungafaneleki Ngempela?

Isimo sokungafaneleki Ingabe noma yikuphi ukutholwa kwezokwelapha i-FAA ekubonayo kwenza umshayeli wendiza angaphephile ukundiza? I-FAA ihlola isimo ngasinye ngokuhambisana nezidingo ezithile zesigaba sesitifiketi osidingayo.

Ukubona okukodwa kuyinto evame kakhulu abantu abakhathazeka ngayo. Ukukhishwa okukhethekile kungenzeka uma ubona 20/20 ngeso elilodwa kuphela. I-FAA iyavumelana nalokhu icala ngalinye.

Ukubona imibala kuyabavimba abafakizicelo abaningi ukuba bangabe besaba. I-FAA ihlola ikhono lokuhlukanisa imibala yesignali yendiza. Ukuhlolwa okuhlulekile akuwuqedi umsebenzi wakho; umkhawulo wokusebenza okhawulela ukundiza ebusuku noma imisebenzi yesignali yemibala ungasebenza esikhundleni salokho.

I-glaucoma, i-cataracts, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal ngakunye kunendlela yakho yokuhlola. I-glaucoma elawulwayo enezindawo ezivamile zokubona ivame ukudlula. Ama-cataracts anciphisa ubukhali ngaphansi kwezinga elijwayelekile adinga ukuhlinzwa ngaphambi kokuqinisekiswa. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal kudinga isikhathi sokuqina kanye nokuhlolwa ngudokotela wamehlo.

Amaphutha amakhulu okubuyisa akuvamile ukuthi angafaneleki ngokwawo. I-FAA ikhathalela ubukhali obulungisiwe, hhayi amandla kadokotela. Umshayeli wendiza one-diopters -10 esweni ngalinye olungisa ku-20/20 uhlangabezana nezindinganiso.

Ukungafaneleki kwangempela akusona isimo ngokwaso. Kuwukwehluleka ukulandela indlela yokubhala imibhalo njengoba i-FAA ilindele. I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy isiza abashayeli bezindiza ukuthi bahambe kulokhu. izidingo zokukhishwa okukhethekile futhi uqonde ukuthi isimo ngasinye sihambisana kanjani ne- izidingo zomshayeli wendiza ukuthola isitifiketi sezokwelapha.

Uhlaka lokuhlola lwe-FAA luphatha izimo eziningi njengezingozi ezingalawuleki. Ukuguquguquka okuyinhloko ukuthi ungabonisa yini umbono ozinzile, olawulwayo ongawohlozi ngokungenakubikezelwa phakathi nendiza. Ukuqapha kwaminyaka yonke kanye nokuhambisana nokwelashwa okubhalwe phansi kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuxilongwa ngokwako.

Yilapho iningi labafakizicelo likhubeka khona. Bamukela incwadi yokwenqatshwa njengokugcina kunokuba balandele inqubo yokuxolelwa enikezwa yi-FAA ngokusobala. Isimo esivimba isitifiketi sezokwelapha sekilasi lokuqala singase sivumele isitifiketi sekilasi lesibili noma lesithathu.

Ushintsho: Ukuhlinzwa Kokulungisa Nokwelashwa Kwakho

Ukucabanga ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kokuvuselela umzimba kuqeda umsebenzi wokushayela izindiza kuyisiwula. Kwabashayeli bezindiza abaningi, i-LASIK noma i-PRK yikona okubenza badlule imfuneko yokubona eyayibabambezela.

I-FAA ayibheki ukuhlinzwa kokulungisa njengokwenqatshelwa. Ibheka inqubo edinga amadokhumenti kanye nesikhathi sokulinda ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwesitifiketi sezokwelapha. Isihluthulelo ukwazi kahle ukuthi i-FAA ifuna ukubonani ngaphambi kokuthi uhlele ukuhlinzwa, hhayi ngemva kwalokho.

Isikhathi sokulinda yisona sigaba abashayeli bezindiza abaningi abangasinaki. Ngemva kwe-LASIK noma i-PRK, i-FAA idinga isikhathi sokuzinza ngaphambi kokuthi ukwazi ukwenza ukuhlolwa kombono wakho wezokwelapha. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amehlo akho ayaphola futhi umbono wakho uyazola. Ukusheshisa inqubo kusho ukuthi i-AME ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umbono wakho uzinzile, okubambezela konke.

Ukubhala amadokhumenti kuyisithiyo sesibili. I-FAA ifuna amarekhodi angaphambi kokuhlinzwa nangemuva kokuhlinzwa avela kudokotela wakho ohlinzayo. Kudingeka babone izilinganiso eziyisisekelo, imininingwane yenqubo, kanye nemiphumela yokugcina yobukhali bokubona. Ngaphandle kwalawo marekhodi, i-AME ayinasisekelo sokusayina isivumelwano sakho sezokwelapha. Ukuhlinzwa okuphumelelayo okunemibhalo ephelele yikho okuvula indlela.

Yilapho i Izindinganiso zombono ze-FAA iba yinzuzo kunokuba ibe yisithiyo. Umshayeli wendiza ofinyelela umbono ongu-20/15 noma ongu-20/10 ngemuva kokuhlinzwa une-buffer engeke inikezwe yizibuko zodwa. Leyo buffer ibalulekile lapho i-AME iqhuba ukuhlolwa futhi ishadi le-Snellen lizwakala linzima kunalokho obekulindelwe.

Ushintsho lwangempela ukuqonda ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kokulungisa akuyona ingozi kwezokwelapha kwakho, kuyithuluzi elingathuthukisa ukufaneleka kwakho. Umbuzo ushintsha usuka kokuthi “ngingafaneleka yini” uye kokuthi “ngikubhala kanjani lokhu ngendlela efanele.” Lolo shintsho lushintsha indlela osondela ngayo kuzo zonke izinyathelo zenqubo yokuqinisekiswa kwezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi okubanzi izidingo zokuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza lokho kulandela.

Yini Enquma Ikhono Leso Lakho Lokugxila

I-FAA ilinganisa okuthile okuqondile lapho ihlola umbono wakho: ukubukhali kokugxila kweso lakho ebangeni elinqunyiwe. Lokhu kulinganisa, okubizwa ngokuthi ubukhali bokubona kumashadi e-Snellen, akuyona indlela yokuhlola impilo yamehlo noma ukuqwashisa ngezingxenye ezingaphandle. Yinombolo eyodwa etshela umhloli ukuthi iso lakho liyixazulula kanjani ngokucacile imininingwane emincane ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo.

Indlela Ukukhanya Okuba Yisithombe Ngayo

Ukukhanya kungena esweni nge-cornea, kudlule ku-pupil, bese kushaya ilensi. Ilensi igoba lokho kukhanya ukuze ikugxilise ku-retina ngemuva kweso. Le nqubo yokugoba ibizwa ngokuthi i-refraction, futhi inquma konke mayelana nekhwalithi yokubona kwakho. Lapho i-cornea noma ilensi igoba ukukhanya kakhulu noma okuncane kakhulu, isithombe asifiki noma sidlule ku-retina, futhi umphumela uba ukufiphala.

Kungani Ishadi Le-Snellen Liyindinganiso

Ishadi le-Snellen lisebenzisa izinhlamvu ezincane ezihlelwe ngemigqa. Umugqa ngamunye uhambisana nokulinganisa ubukhali bokubona. Umugqa ongu-20/20 usho ukuthi umuntu obona kahle angafunda lowo mugqa eqhele ngamafidi angu-20. Uma ukwazi ukufunda umugqa ongu-20/40 kuphela, iso lakho lixazulula imininingwane ebangeni elingamamitha angu-20 elibonwa yiso elijwayelekile emafidi angu-40. I-FAA isebenzisa leli shadi ngoba liyaphindaphindwa, alinaphutha, futhi kulula ukulisebenzisa kunoma yiliphi igumbi lokuhlolwa.

Lokho i-FAA Engakuhloli

Ukuhlolwa kombono we-FAA akulinganisi ukuqonda okujulile, ukuzwela kokuqhathanisa, noma ukubona ebusuku. Akuhloli ukuthi amehlo akho alandelela kanjani izinto ezihambayo noma ukuthi zishintsha ngokushesha kangakanani phakathi kokukhanya nobumnyama. Lawa makhono abalulekile ekundizeni, kodwa indinganiso yezokwelapha igxile kuguquko olulodwa okulula ukulilinganisa nokunzima ukuphikisana nalo: ubukhali bokubona obungaguquki. Umshayeli wendiza odlula ukuhlolwa kwe-Snellen usadinga ukubonisa umbono osebenzayo ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kwendiza.

Izindinganiso Zokubona Ngekilasi Lesitifiketi Sezokwelapha

Ukuqonda izidingo zokubona zabashayeli bezindiza kusho ukwazi ukuthi yiliphi ikilasi lesitifiketi sezokwelapha elisebenza emigomweni yakho yokundiza. Izindinganiso zihluka kakhulu phakathi kwamakilasi, futhi ukucabanga okungalungile kungaphazamisa indlela yomsebenzi ngaphambi kokuba uqale.

Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ondiza eyozijabulisa udinga isitifiketi sezokwelapha sesigaba sesithathu. Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ondiza eyoqasha udinga isigaba sesibili. Umshayeli wendiza ohamba ngendiza ondiza abagibeli abahleliwe udinga isigaba sokuqala. Izindinganiso zombono ziyaqina njengoba isinyathelo ngasinye sikhuphuka.

Igebe elibalulekile phakathi kwamakilasi ukubona kude. Izitifiketi zekilasi lokuqala nelesibili zidinga ama-20/20 esweni ngalinye. Ikilasi lesithathu livumela ama-20/40. Lowo mehluko ubalulekile kubashayeli bezindiza abathuthukisa ukushintsha kokubona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kodwa basafuna ukundiza ngokuzijabulisa.

Izindinganiso eziseduze neziphakathi ziyafana kuzo zonke izigaba ezintathu. I-FAA ayiziphumuli lezo zabashayeli bezindiza abazimele. Lokhu kuhambisana kusho ukuthi wonke umshayeli wezindiza kumele agcine ukucaca okufanayo kwebanga eliseduze, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi banjani. izinhlobo zelayisensi yokushayela izindiza.

Yazi ukuthi yiliphi ikilasi olidingayo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Izinga lesigaba sesithathu ngeke likuvumele ukuthi wenze umsebenzi wezohwebo. Izinga lesigaba sokuqala lidinga ukuzithiba ukuze uligcine. Ukukhetha inhloso engalungile kuchitha isikhathi nemali.

Yilapho iningi labashayeli bezindiza abafisayo lifunda khona kabi ishadi. Bacabanga ukuthi umbono oqondile ongu-20/40 webanga lesithathu usho ukuthi izibuko ziyakhethwa. Akunjalo. Indinganiso ukulungiswa okuncane okungafinyeleleka, hhayi umbono omncane owamukelekayo.

Amalensi okulungisa avunyelwe kuwo wonke amazinga ekilasi. I-FAA iyakhathalela ukuthi amehlo akho angenzani ngosizo, hhayi lokho akwenzayo ngaphandle kwalo. Lowo mehluko ushintsha indlela obhekana ngayo nokulungiselela kwakho ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Indlela Yokulungiselela Ukuhlolwa Kwakho Kombono we-FAA

Iningi labashayeli bezindiza abafisayo bangena esivivinyweni sabo sezokwelapha se-FAA bengaboni ukuthi ukuhlolwa kombono kulinganisani ngempela. Lokho kuntuleka kokulungiselela kudala ukukhathazeka okungadingekile, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukuhlolwa okuhlulekile obekungagwenywa. Izidingo zokubona kwabashayeli bezindiza zilula uma wazi inqubo.

Isinyathelo 1. Thola incwadi kadokotela yamanje kudokotela wakho wamehlo. Lesi sisekelo sikutshela ngqo ukuthi umbono wakho umi kuphi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Isinyathelo 2. Hlela isikhathi sakho sokuqokwa kwe-Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) unolwazi oluphelele lokuthi yiliphi ikilasi lesitifiketi olidingayo. Umshayeli wendiza ozimele udinga ikilasi lesithathu lezokwelapha. Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza wezohwebo udinga ikilasi lokuqala noma lesibili.

Isinyathelo 3. Yazi ukuthi isivivinyo silinganisani ngaphambi kokuthi uhlale phansi. I-FAA ihlola umbono okude ngamafidi angu-20, umbono oseduze ngamasentimitha angu-16, kanti kubashayeli bezindiza abangaphezu kwama-50, umbono ophakathi namasentimitha angu-32. izinga eliseduze lokubona kudinga u-20/40 noma ngaphezulu esweni ngalinye ngokwehlukana, ngokulungiswa noma ngaphandle kokulungiswa.

Isinyathelo 4. Letha amalensi akho okulungisa ekuhlolweni, noma ngabe ucabanga ukuthi ubona kahle ngaphandle kwawo. I-FAA ivumela izibuko kanye noxhumana nabo ukuthi bahlangabezane nazo zonke izindinganiso.

Isinyathelo 5. Qonda imiphumela ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlolwa. I-AME yakho izokutshela ukuthi uphumelele noma uma kudingeka amadokhumenti engeziwe. Ingxenye yombono ohlulekile ibangela indlela yokubonisana evame ukuxazululwa ngamalensi okulungisa noma ukuhlinzwa.

Ukuqedela lokhu kulungiselela kususa ukuqagela esitifiketini sakho sezokwelapha. Izikole ezifana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy zisiza abafundi ukuthi baqonde yonke inqubo, kusukela ekuqondeni izidingo zokuhlola zezentengiselwano ukuhlela i-aphoyintimenti ye-AME efanele. Ukuhlolwa akusona isithiyo. Ukungena ungakakulungeli kuyinto eyinkinga.

Umbono Wakho Akufanele Ubeke Phansi Umsebenzi Wakho

Izidingo zombono zabashayeli bezindiza ziqondile, ziyalinganiswa, futhi zenzelwe ukufezeka. Iningi labashayeli bezindiza abafisayo likhathazeka ngendinganiso eyakhiwa yi-FAA kubantu abazilungiselela kahle. Ukulibazisa ukubonisana noMhloli Wezokwelapha Wezindiza kugcina indaba esekelwe ekwesabeni iphila. Okuwukuphela komuntu ongafaneleki ngempela ukungazi kahle inqubo ukuze adlule kuyo ngokuzethemba.

Hlela ukubonisana ne-AME noma isikole sezindiza njenge-Florida Flyers Flight Academy. Vumela ukuhlolwa kuqinisekise lokho ubufakazi obuvele bukukhombisa, umbono wakho awuyona isithiyo obucabanga ukuthi uyiso.