I-FAA Medical Guide

Izidingo zezokwelapha ze-FAA: Njengomshayeli wendiza osafufusa noma onolwazi olunzulu, kufanele uqaphele ukubaluleka kokuhlala unempilo ephelele ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha esibhakabhakeni. I-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ibeka izidingo ezithile zezokwelapha, futhi ukuthola isitifiketi sokwelashwa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ohambweni lwakho lwendiza. Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uzokusiza uqonde izinhlobo ezahlukene zezokwelapha zomshayeli wendiza, ubhekane nezinkinga ezivamile zezokwelapha, futhi unikeze amathiphu awusizo nezinsiza zomsebenzi wakho wokushayela izindiza.

Isingeniso ku-Federal Aviation Administration pilot medicals

I-FAA iyindikimba ebusayo enesibopho sokulawula izindiza zomphakathi ngaphakathi kwe-United States. Omunye wemithwalo yabo yemfanelo eyinhloko uwukuqinisekisa ukuthi abashayeli bezindiza bahlangabezana nezindinganiso ezithile zezokwelapha. I-FAA isungula la mazinga ngochungechunge lwezidingo zesitifiketi sezokwelapha, eziklanyelwe ukugcina ukuphepha nokuphila kahle kwabo bobabili abashayeli bezindiza nabagibeli.

Ukuze bathole isitifiketi sikadokotela, abashayeli bezindiza kufanele bahlolwe ngokuphelele nguMhloli Wezokwelapha Wezindiza (AME). Lezi zivivinyo zihlola impilo yomshayeli wendiza iyonke, okuhlanganisa nokuphila kahle ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Lo mhlahlandlela uzocubungula ngezokwelapha ezihlukene ze-FAA, ukufaneleka kwazo, kanye nezidingo zezigaba ezahlukahlukene zokuhlola.

Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zezokwelapha ze-FAA

Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezitifiketi zezokwelapha ze-FAA, ngasinye sinezidingo namalungelo aso athile. Lezi zitifiketi zihlukaniswa nge-Basic Med, i-First-class, i-Second-class, ne-Third-class. Ake sihlolisise uhlobo ngalunye.

a. I-Basic Med

I-Basic Med iyindlela entsha uma kuqhathaniswa nezitifiketi zezokwelapha ze-FAA zendabuko. Yethulwa ngo-2017 ukuze inikeze inketho evumelana nezimo futhi efinyeleleka kubashayeli bezindiza. Ukuze bafanelekele i-Basic Med, abashayeli bezindiza kufanele babe nelayisense yokushayela esemthethweni yase-US, babe nesitifiketi sokwelashwa kunoma yiliphi izinga ngemva kukaJulayi 14, 2006, futhi baqedele izifundo ze-inthanethi zemfundo yezokwelapha njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili. Ukwengeza, abashayeli bezindiza kufanele bahlolwe ngokomzimba ngudokotela onelayisensi kahulumeni njalo eminyakeni emine.

b. Isigaba sokuqala

Isitifiketi sokwelashwa se-First-class yizinga eliphezulu lesitifiketi futhi siyadingeka kubashayeli bezindiza abasebenza njengabashayeli bezindiza bezokuthutha (i-ATP) noma labo abafuna ukuthola isitifiketi se-ATP. Lesi sitifiketi sinezidingo zezokwelapha eziqine kakhulu, okuhlanganisa namazinga athile okubona, ukuzwa, impilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, nempilo yengqondo.

c. Isigaba sesibili

Izitifiketi zezokwelapha zesigaba sesibili ziyadingeka kubashayeli bezindiza bezentengiselwano abangenaso isitifiketi se-ATP. Lesi sitifiketi sinezidingo eziqinile kancane kunesitifiketi se-First-class kodwa sisagcina izindinganiso eziphakeme zempilo iyonke.

d. Isigaba sesithathu

Isitifiketi sezokwelapha sesigaba Sesithathu siyizinga eliyisisekelo lesitifiketi futhi siyadingeka kubashayeli bezindiza abazimele, abashayeli bezindiza bezokungcebeleka, kanye nabashayeli bezindiza abangabafundi. Izidingo zezokwelapha zalesi sitifiketi aziqinile kunezitifiketi zesigaba sokuqala noma sesibili, okusenza sibe inketho efinyeleleka kakhulu kubashayeli abaningi abasafuna ukundiza.

Izikhathi zokuqinisekisa zesitifiketi sokwelashwa se-FAA

Uhlobo ngalunye lwesitifiketi sezokwelapha se-FAA sinesikhathi esithile sokuqinisekisa, lapho umshayeli wendiza angasebenzisa amalungelo ahlobene nesitifiketi sakhe. Kubalulekile ukuqonda lezi zikhathi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isitifiketi sakho sezokwelapha sihlala sisebenza emisebenzini yakho yokundiza.

1. Isigaba sokuqala:
   • Ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-40: izinyanga zekhalenda eziyi-12
   • Iminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu: Izinyanga eziyisi-6 zekhalenda
2. Isigaba sesibili:
   • Yonke iminyaka: izinyanga zekhalenda eziyi-12
3. Isigaba sesithathu:
   • Ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-40: izinyanga zekhalenda eziyi-60
   • Iminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu: Izinyanga eziyisi-24 zekhalenda
4. I-Basic Med:
   • Yonke iminyaka: Izinyanga zekhalenda ezingama-48 zokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, izinyanga zekhalenda ezingama-24 zesifundo semfundo yezokwelapha esiku-inthanethi

Ubani odinga isitifiketi sezokwelapha se-FAA?

Bonke abashayeli bezindiza, kungakhathaliseki izinga labo lesipiliyoni noma uhlobo lokundiza, badinga ukuthola isitifiketi sezokwelapha se-FAA. Abafundi, abashayeli bezindiza bezokungcebeleka, nabazimele badinga isitifiketi sezokwelapha sesigaba Sesithathu, kuyilapho abashayeli bezindiza bezentengiselwano bedinga isitifiketi sesigaba Sesibili. Abashayeli bezindiza zokuhamba ngendiza, noma labo abafuna ukuba yibo, kufanele babe nesitifiketi sokwelashwa se-First class.

I-Basic Med ingenye inketho yabashayeli bezindiza abahlangabezana nezidingo zokufaneleka futhi abafisa ukundiza ngaphansi kwemibandela ethile eshiwo yi-FAA, okuhlanganisa imikhawulo yesisindo sendiza kanye nabagibeli abafinyelela kwabahlanu.

Ukubhekana nezinkinga zezokwelapha ezivamile

Abashayeli bezindiza bavame ukuba nokukhathazeka ngezimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezingase zibe nomthelela ekhonweni labo lokuthola noma ukugcina isitifiketi sezokwelapha se-FAA. Ake sibhekane nokukhathazeka okujwayelekile kwezokwelapha:

a. I-FAA yesifo sikashukela

Isifo sikashukela singaba yisimo esingafanelekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Nokho, abashayeli bezindiza abanesifo sikashukela abalawulwa ngokudla, ukuvivinya umzimba, noma imithi ephuzwayo basengakufanelekela ukuthola isitifiketi sikadokotela. Abashayeli bezindiza abanesifo sikashukela abancike ku-insulin bangathola ukugunyazwa okukhethekile kokukhishwa, okubavumela ukuthi bandize ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kanye nezidingo zokuqapha.

b. I-FAA yobumpumputhe bombala wezokwelapha

Ubumpumputhe bemibala noma ukungakwazi ukubona imibala kungakhawulela ikhono lomshayeli wendiza lokuhlukanisa imibala, okubalulekile ekuchazeni amashadi ezindiza, amasignali, nezinhlelo zokukhanyisa. Abashayeli bezindiza abangaboni imibala basengakufanelekela ukuthola isitifiketi sezokwelapha uma bengaphumelela enye isivivinyo sokubona imibala noma babonise ikhono labo lokwenza imisebenzi yendiza encike ekuboneni imibala.

c. Imithi yezokwelapha ye-FAA

Imithi ethile ingase ingafaneleki noma idinge ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile lapho uthola isitifiketi sezokwelapha se-FAA. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa nganoma yimiphi imithi oyiphuzayo noMhloli Wezokwelapha Wezindiza (AME) ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakho kwezokwelapha ukuze uthole ukuthi iyahambisana yini nokundiza.

Izidingo zezokwelapha ze-FAA zezigaba zokuhlola ezahlukahlukene

Izidingo zezokwelapha ze-FAA ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesitifiketi somshayeli osifunayo. Ake sihlole lezi zidingo zezigaba zokuhlola ezehlukene.

a. Umshayeli wendiza ozimele

Abashayeli bezindiza abazimele badinga isitifiketi sezokwelapha sesigaba Sesithathu, esihlola impilo yabo yonke, ukubona, ukuzwa, kanye nempilo yabo engokwengqondo. Ukuhlolwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi abashayeli bezindiza abazimele bangakwazi ukusebenzisa indiza ngokuphephile ngaphandle kokubeka ingozi kubo noma kwabanye.

b. Isilinganiso sezinsimbi

Abashayeli bezindiza abaphishekela isilinganiso sensimbi kufanele okungenani babe nesitifiketi sezokwelapha sesigaba Sesithathu. Izimfuneko zezokwelapha ziyafana nezabashayeli bezindiza abazimele, njengoba isilinganiso sethuluzi siwukufaneleka okwengeziwe kubashayeli bamabhanoyi abazimele noma bezentengiselwano.

c. Umshayeli wezindiza

Abashayeli bezindiza bezentengiselwano kudingeka babe nesitifiketi sokwelashwa se-Second class. Lesi sitifiketi sinamazinga ezokwelapha aphezulu kunesitifiketi sesigaba Sesithathu, esinezidingo eziqinile zokubona kanye nempilo iyonke.

d. Umshayeli Wendiza Yezokuthutha (ATP)

Abashayeli bezindiza be-ATP kufanele baphathe isitifiketi sokwelashwa se-First-class, esinezidingo zezokwelapha eziqinile phakathi kwazo zonke izitifiketi zezokwelapha ze-FAA. Lezi zidingo ziqinisekisa ukuthi abashayeli bezindiza be-ATP bangasebenzisa ngokuphephile izindiza ezinkulu, eziyinkimbinkimbi endaweni enzima kakhulu.

Uhlolojikelele lwezokwelapha lwe-EASA

Nakuba lo mhlahlandlela ugxile kwezokwelapha ze-FAA, kubalulekile kubashayeli bezindiza abaphishekela umsebenzi ngaphandle kwase-United States ukuthi baqaphele izidingo zezokwelapha ze-European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA).

a. Izinhlobo zezokwelapha ze-EASA

Ukwelashwa kwe-EASA kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu: Ikilasi 1 labashayeli bezindiza bezentengiselwano nabe-ATP, Ikilasi lesi-2 labashayeli bezindiza abazimele, kanye ne-LAPL (Ilayisensi Yendiza Ekhanyayo) yabashayeli bezindiza bezokungcebeleka.

b. Izikhathi zokuqinisekisa zezokwelapha ze-EASA

Ukufaneleka kwezokwelapha ze-EASA nakho kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesitifiketi kanye neminyaka yomshayeli:

1. Isigaba 1:
   • Ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-60: izinyanga zekhalenda eziyi-12
   • Iminyaka engu-60 nangaphezulu: Izinyanga eziyisi-6 zekhalenda
2. Isigaba 2:
   • Ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-40: izinyanga zekhalenda eziyi-60
   • Iminyaka engu-40-49: izinyanga zekhalenda ezingama-24
   • Iminyaka engu-50 nangaphezulu: Izinyanga eziyisi-12 zekhalenda
3. I-LAPL:
   • Ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-40: izinyanga zekhalenda eziyi-60
   • Iminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu: Izinyanga eziyisi-24 zekhalenda

Amathiphu okuthola nokugcina izitifiketi zezokwelapha zokuhlola

1. Hlela ukuhlolwa kwakho kwezokwelashwa kusenesikhathi ukuthi isitifiketi sakho samanje sizophelelwa yisikhathi, njengoba ama-aphoyintimenti nama-AME angagcwala ngokushesha.
2. Hlala unolwazi ngezinguquko zemithetho yezokwelapha ye-FAA nezimfuneko.
3. Gcina indlela yokuphila enempilo, okuhlanganisa ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, ukudla okunomsoco, nokulala okwanele.
4. Xoxa nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka kwezokwelapha noma izinguquko empilweni yakho ne-AME yakho ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwakho.
5. Uma unesimo sezokwelapha esingafaneleki, thintana ne-AME yakho noma umxhumanisi wezokwelashwa kwezindiza ukuze uhlole izinketho zokukhishwa okukhethekile noma ukukhululwa.

Izinsiza zokuqondisa kwesitifiketi sezokwelapha somshayeli

1. I-FAA's Guide for Aviation Medical Examiners: https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/aam/ame/guide/
2. Izinsizakalo Zokuvikela Indiza ye-AOPA: https://www.aopa.org/go-fly/medical-resources/pilot-protection-services
3. I-Pilot Medical Solutions: https://www.leftseat.com/

Izindleko ezilinganiselwe: 130 USD

Isiphetho

Ukuqonda izinhlobo ze-Federal Aviation Administration zezokwelapha zamabhanoyi kubalulekile emsebenzini wakho wokundiza. Njengomshayeli wendiza, impilo yakho nokuphila kahle kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwabo bonke abasendizeni yakho. Hlala unolwazi, gcina indlela yokuphila enempilo, futhi ukhuthalele ukubhekana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga zezokwelapha. Ngalo mhlahlandlela, ukuhlomele kahle ukuzulazula emhlabeni wezitifiketi zezokwelapha ze-FAA futhi ujabulele umsebenzi ophumelelayo nonelisayo esibhakabhakeni.

Xhumana nathi noma shayela i-Florida Flyers Team ku +1 904 209 3510 ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezidingo zezokwelapha ze-FAA.