Isingeniso sama-Altimeters
Uma kukhulunywa ngezokundiza, ukuphepha nokunemba kubaluleke kakhulu. Elinye lamathuluzi abalulekile elisiza abashayeli bezindiza ukuthi bagcine lawa mazinga i-altimeter. Kuyigajethi edlala indima ebalulekile endizeni, ehlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuphakama kwendiza. Lo mhlahlandlela uzongena emhlabeni wama-altimeters, udingide ngokubaluleka kwawo, ukuthi asebenza kanjani, nokuthi angawasebenzisa kanjani ngempumelelo.
Umkhathi wobuchwepheshe bezokundiza mkhulu futhi uyinkimbinkimbi, nama-altimeters nawo anjalo. Amathuluzi ayinkimbinkimbi anengcebo yezici nokusebenza, konke okuklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abashayeli bezindiza banolwazi olunembe kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nokuphakama kwabo kwamanje. Lo mhlahlandlela uzohlinzeka ngemininingwane ebanzi yalezi zici, okuhlanganisa nezithuthukile, futhi unikeze amathiphu okuthi zingasetshenziswa kanjani ngokugcwele.
Ukwengeza, umhlahlandlela uzongena ohlangothini lokugcinwa kwezinto, unikeze amathiphu abalulekile namasu okugcina ama-altimeters esesimweni esiphezulu. Okokugcina, izobhekana nezinkinga ezivamile nezindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga, iqinisekise ukuthi abashayeli bezindiza bangakwazi ukubhekana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase ziphakame ngokushesha.
Iyini i-Altimeter futhi Isebenza Kanjani?
I-altimeter iyithuluzi lokundiza elikala ukuphakama kwendiza, noma ukuphakama ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Isebenza ngomgomo wokucindezela komkhathi - ukucindezela kuncipha njengoba umuntu ekhuphuka, futhi ithuluzi lihumusha lezi zinguquko ekufundweni kokuphakama.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yaleli thuluzi i-aneroid barometer, ingqamuzana lensimbi eliguquguqukayo, elivalekile elinwebekayo futhi livumelane nezinguquko zokucindezela. Njengoba indiza ikhuphuka nomfutho womoya uyancipha, ingqamuzana liyakhula. Ngokuphambene, njengoba indiza yehla nokucindezela kwanda, ingqamuzana liyafinyela. Lokhu kunyakaza bese kuhunyushwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ekufundweni kokuphakama kokudayela kwe-altimeter.
Ngakho-ke, ayilinganisi ngokuqondile ubude kodwa isebenzisa ukucindezela komkhathi njengommeleli. Kubalulekile ukuqonda le nqubo ngoba kusho ukuthi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungathinta ukufundwa kwamathuluzi. Isibonelo, ukwehla kwengcindezi ngenxa yesimo sezulu esingaphambili kungabangela ukuthi ifunde phezulu kunokuphakama kwangempela.
Ukubaluleka kwama-Altimeters kubashayeli bezindiza
La mathuluzi abalulekile kubashayeli bezindiza ngezizathu ezimbalwa. Okusobala kakhulu ukuthi zinikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuphakama kwendiza, okubalulekile ekugcineni indawo endizayo ephephile nokugwema izithiyo ezifana nezintaba. Kodwa kunezinye izizathu ezingacacile zokuthi kungani zibalulekile kubashayeli bezindiza.
Enye yalezi ukuzulazula. Ngokuhlangana namanye amathuluzi, isiza abashayeli bezindiza banqume indawo yabo futhi balandele izindlela zendiza ezinqunywe kusengaphambili. Ngokwesibonelo, ukulawula ukuhamba kwezindiza ngokuvamile kwabela ukuphakama okuqondile ezindizeni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlukana, futhi leli thuluzi livumela abashayeli bezindiza ukuba balondoloze lezi zindawo zokuphakama ngokunembile.
Ukwengeza, abalulekile ekundizeni kwemithetho yensimbi yensimbi (IFR), lapho abashayeli bezindiza bethembele kumathuluzi abo kunezimpawu ezibonakalayo ukuze bazulazule. Kulo mongo, akulona nje ithuluzi lokunquma ukuphakama, kodwa yingxenye ebalulekile yokuqwashisa ngesimo somshayeli wendiza, okubasiza ukuthi baqonde isimo sabo esihlobene nendawo kanye nezinye izindiza.
Umhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ekusetheni i-Altimeter
Ukusetha i-altimeter ngendlela efanele kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokulungiselela ngaphambi kokundiza. Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukushintsha amandla endiza futhi uvumele izinsimbi ukuthi zifudumale. Uma isivuliwe, hlola ukulungiselelwa kwengcindezi yamanje kusikali esingaphansi, esibuye saziwe ngokuthi yi- Iwindi le-Kollsman.
Okulandelayo, sebenzisa idatha yakamuva yesiteshi sesimo sezulu sendawo noma isevisi yetheminali ezenzakalelayo yesikhumulo sezindiza (ATIS) ukuze uthole ingcindezi yamanje ye-barometric ezingeni lolwandle. Lokhu kwaziwa njengesilungiselelo se-altimeter futhi ngokuvamile kunikezwa ngamayintshi e-mercury (inHg) noma ama-millibars (hPa).
Uma usunesethingi yamanje, lungisa i-altimeter yakho kuleli nani usebenzisa inkinobho yokusetha ingcindezi. Lokhu kuzolinganisa umfutho womoya wendawo futhi kunikeze ukufundwa kokuphakama okunembile esikhumulweni sezindiza. Uma isethiwe, kufanele ifunde ukuphakama kwesikhumulo sezindiza ngaphezu kolwandle.
Okokugcina, hlola ukusebenza kwe-altimeter ngokwandisa nokunciphisa ukulungiselelwa kokucindezela nokubuka izandla ze-altimeter zinyakaza ngokuhambisanayo. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi i-altimeter isebenza kahle futhi ilungele ukundiza.
Amathiphu Namasu Okusebenzisa Okunembile
Nakuba ama-altimeters enzelwe ukunikeza ukufundwa kokuphakama okunembile, kunezinto ezimbalwa abashayeli bezindiza abangayenza ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi bathola idatha enembe kakhulu. Okunye kwalokhu ukuhlola njalo nokulungisa isilungiselelo ngesikhathi sendiza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukucindezela komkhathi kungashintsha nezimo zezulu, futhi isilungiselelo esiphelelwe yisikhathi singabangela ukufundwa kwe-altitude okunganembile.
Elinye icebiso ukuhumusha ukufundwa kwalo kumongo wezinye izinsimbi kanye nokubuka kwangaphandle. Isibonelo, uma i-altimeter ithi ukumafidi angu-10,000, kodwa umhlabathi ubukeka ungakhululekile eduze, themba umuzwa wakho wemvelo futhi uhlole nezinye izisetshenziswa noma izinsiza zokuzulazula.
Okokugcina, qaphela ukulinganiselwa kwayo. Isibonelo, ngeke inikeze ukufundwa kokuphakama okunembile ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka okusheshayo noma ukwehla ngenxa yokuthi ukucindezela koshintsho ngaphakathi kweseli ye-aneroid akukwazi ukuhambisana noshintsho olusheshayo lwengcindezi yangaphandle. Ukuqonda le mikhawulo kungasiza abashayeli bezindiza benze izinqumo ezingcono ngesikhathi sendiza.
Izifundo Ezivamile kanye nokuthi Zisho Ukuthini
Kunokufundwa okumbalwa okuvamile okufanele abashayeli bezindiza bakujwayele. Okunye kwalokhu ukulungiselelwa kwe-altimeter “okujwayelekile” okungu-29.92 inHg noma 1013.25 hPa. Lokhu ukucindezela komkhathi okumaphakathi ezingeni lolwandle, futhi abashayeli bezindiza bayayisebenzisa lapho bendiza ngaphezu kokuphakama kwenguquko, lapho izilungiselelo zengcindezi yendawo zingasabalulekile.
Okunye okuvame ukufundwa nguziro, okubonisa ukuthi indiza isezingeni lolwandle. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kufunda kungase futhi kubonakale uma ingcindezi iphezulu kakhulu futhi idlula ububanzi be-altimeter, yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlola ezinye izinsimbi.
Okokugcina, kukhona ukufundwa kokuphakama kwesikhumulo sezindiza okuvela lapho i-altimeter isethwe kahle endaweni yengcindezi yendawo esikhumulweni sezindiza esithile. Lokhu kufunda kuqinisekisa ukuthi imiswe kahle futhi ilungele ukundiza.
Amathiphu Okunakekela Okubalulekile Abashayeli Bezindiza
Ukunakekelwa okufanele kubalulekile ekugcineni i-altimeter isesimweni esihle sokusebenza. Omunye wemisebenzi ebalulekile yokulungisa ukuhlola nokulinganisa njalo. Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlola ukunemba kwayo ngokumelene nokucindezela okwaziwayo nokuphakama nokulungisa uma kudingeka.
Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile ukuhlanza. Ukungcola nothuli kungaphazamisa izindlela ezithambile ngaphakathi kwe-altimeter, okuholela ekufundweni okunganembile. Ngakho-ke, abashayeli bezindiza kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi i-altimeter igcinwa ihlanzekile futhi ingenalo uthuli.
Okokugcina, abashayeli bezindiza kufanele bahlole njalo izimpawu ze-altimeter ukuze babone noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuguga noma zokulimala. Isigxivizo esiphukile noma esigugile singavumela umoya ukuthi ungene kuseli ye-aneroid, okuholela ekufundweni okungalungile.
Izici Ezithuthukile nokuthi Zisetshenziswa Kanjani
Ama-altimeter esimanje afika nezici eziningi ezithuthukile ezidizayinelwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwazo nokunemba. Enye yalezi “izinga lokukhuphuka” noma inkomba yesivinini esiqondile (VSI), ebonisa ukuthi indiza ikhuphuka noma yehla ngokushesha kangakanani.
Esinye isici esithuthukisiwe ukufunda "izinga lendiza", okubonisa ukuphakama kwendiza ngamakhulu amafidi ngaphezu kwezinga lokucindezela elijwayelekile elingu-29.92 inHg. Lesi sici siwusizo ikakhulukazi lapho undiza ezindaweni eziphakeme, lapho ukulungiselelwa kwengcindezi yendawo kungasabalulekile.
Abashayeli bezindiza bangathola futhi ama-altimeters anokufundwa kwedijithali, okunikeza ukufundwa kwe-altitude okunembe kakhulu kunokudayela kwe-analog okuvamile. Abanye baze bafike ne-GPS eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, enganikeza idatha yokuphakama esekelwe kumasiginali wesathelayithi, enikeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokunemba nokuphindaphinda.
Umhlahlandlela wokuxazulula izinkinga
Naphezu komklamo nokwakhiwa kwawo okuqinile, ama-altimeters ngezinye izikhathi angaba nezinkinga. Uma i-altimeter inikeza ukufundwa okungahambisani noma okungalungile, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlola ukulungiselelwa kokucindezela. Isilungiselelo esingalungile ngokuvamile siyimbangela yokufundwa okungalungile.
Uma ukulungiselelwa kokucindezela kulungile, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuwuhlola ngokomzimba. Bheka noma yiziphi izimpawu zokulimala, ukuguga, noma ukungcola okungase kubangele inkinga. Uma ibonakala isesimweni esihle, ingase idinge ukulinganisa.
Kwezinye izimo, inkinga ingase ibe ohlelweni olumile lwendiza, olunikeza ukucindezela komoya ongaphandle ku-altimeter. Uma isistimu ivinjiwe noma ivuza, ingabangela ukuthi ifundeke ngokungalungile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, lonke uhlelo olumile lungase ludinge ukuthi luhlolwe futhi lulungiswe.
Isiphetho
I-altimeter iyithuluzi elibalulekile kubashayeli bezindiza, elihlinzeka ngedatha ebalulekile yokuphakama enikela ekundizeni okuphephile nokunembayo. Ukuqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani, isetha kanjani ngendlela efanele, kanye nendlela yokuhumusha efundwayo kungathuthukisa kakhulu ulwazi lomshayeli wendiza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcinwa okuvamile kanye nokuqaphela izici zayo ezithuthukile kungaqinisekisa ukwethembeka nokunemba kwayo. Futhi ngosizo lwalo mhlahlandlela, abashayeli bezindiza bangaxazulula izinkinga ezingase ziphakame, baqinisekise ukuthi i-altimeter yabo ihlale ilungele ukundiza. Ngakho-ke, phakamisa isipiliyoni sakho sokundiza ngakho - isibhakabhaka siwumkhawulo!
Ulungele ukuthatha indiza ngokuzethemba? Joyina I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy! Funda ukuzula esibhakabhakeni, uchwepheshe besimo sezulu sendiza, ama-altimeters, nokuningi ngomhlahlandlela wethu wochwepheshe. Masenze amaphupho akho endizayo aqhakaze - ndawonye!
Xhumana nathi noma shayela i-Florida Flyers Team ku +1 904 209 3510 ukuze ube umshayeli wendiza ophumelele oqinisekisiwe.
