Ukuba iinqwelomoya zihamba ngesantya esingakanani kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweenqwelo moya, uyilo, kunye neemeko zokubhabha. Iinqwelomoya zorhwebo zihamba ngesantya esingama-550-650 mph, iinqwelomoya zabucala zifikelela kwisantya esingama-300-460 mph, kwaye imikhosi yomkhosi idlula i-1,500 mph. Esi sikhokelo sigubungela ukulinganiswa kwesantya, izinto ezichaphazela isantya, iintlobo zeenqwelo moya, izinto eziqwalaselweyo zokhuseleko, iirekhodi zembali, kunye nophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwe-supersonic.
Isiqulatho
Zihamba ngesantya esingakanani iinqwelo-moya? Impendulo iyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweenqwelo-moya kunye nenjongo yazo. Iinqwelo-moya zorhwebo zihamba ngesantya esiphakathi kwama-550-650 mph ngelixa imikhosi yomkhosi idlula i-1,500 mph.
Iinqwelomoya ezincinci ezibhabha ngesantya se-140-160 mph. Iinqwelomoya zovavanyo zifikelele kwisantya esingaphezulu kwe-4,500 mph, zityhala imida yoko kunokwenzeka ngokwasemzimbeni xa kubhabha emoyeni.
Ukuqonda isantya senqwelo-moya kufuna ukuphonononga iindlela ezininzi zokulinganisa. Isantya somoya, isantya somhlaba, yaye Inombolo kaMach nganye ichaza iindawo ezahlukeneyo zebali lesantya, kwaye abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya basebenzisa zontathu ukuze baqhube kakuhle emoyeni.
Uyilo lweenqwelo-moya, amandla enjini, kunye neemeko zomoya zonke zigqiba ngamandla esantya esiphezulu. Ubunzima, ukuphakama, kunye nemozulu zichaphazela ngakumbi indlela iinqwelo-moya ezikhawulezayo ezinokuhamba ngayo ngokukhuselekileyo nangaliphi na ixesha.
Esi sikhokelo sigubungela yonke into malunga nesantya seenqwelo-moya. Uza kufunda indlela isantya esilinganiswa ngayo, zeziphi izinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza, kunye nesantya esifikelelwayo kwiinqwelo-moya zorhwebo, zabucala, nezomkhosi—ukusuka ekusukeni ukuya kubhabha ngesantya esiphezulu.
Silinganiswa njani isantya senqwelomoya?
Ukubonelela ngempendulo yokwenene kumbuzo othi “Zihamba ngokukhawuleza kangakanani iinqwelomoya?”, kufuneka siqale siphonononge iindlela ezisetyenziswayo ukulinganisa isantya sazo. Isantya senqwelomoya asithe ngqo njengesantya semoto okanye sikaloliwe; ibandakanya ii-dynamics ezintsonkothileyo kunye neeyunithi ezininzi zomlinganiselo.
I-Airspeed sisantya senqwelomoya esihambelana nomoya oyijikelezileyo kwaye silinganiswa kusetyenziswa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi isalathisi sesantya somoya (ASI). I-ASI ilinganisa uxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo lokuhamba komoya njengoko inqwelomoya ihamba emoyeni, ethi ke ilinganiswe ukubonisa isantya. Nangona kunjalo, i-airspeed yodwa ayinikezeli umfanekiso opheleleyo, njengoko ingaphenduli ngesantya somoya okanye indlela.
Isantya esisezantsi, kwelinye icala, sesona santya senqwelo moya siphezu komhlaba. Kukudityaniswa kwesantya somoya senqwelomoya kunye nemimoya ekhoyo. Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kunye Ukulawulwa kwezithuthi zomoya bahlala bethembela kwisantya esisezantsi ukubala amaxesha okufika kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweendlela zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya.
Omnye umlinganiselo obalulekileyo yinombolo yeMach, ngakumbi xa kuxoxwa ngenqwelomoya enesantya esiphezulu njengejethi zomkhosi okanye ezothutho eziphezulu. Inombolo yeMach ngumlinganiselo wesantya senqwelomoya ukuya kwisantya sesandi kumoya oyingqongileyo. Xa inqwelo-moya ibhabha kuMach 1, ihamba ngesantya sesandi. Izantya ezingaphezu kwe-Mach 1 zithathwa njenge-supersonic, ngelixa ezi zingezantsi ziyi-subsonic.
IiNqwelo-moya ezihamba ngokukhawuleza kangakanani: Izinto ezichaphazela isantya senqwelomoya
Isantya esihamba ngaso inqwelo-moya siphenjelelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zinokususela kwiimpawu zoyilo lwenqwelo-moya ukuya kwiimeko zomoya ebhabha kuyo.
Uyilo lweenqwelo-moya lunendima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni isantya esinokubakho senqwelo-moya. Aerodynamics, amandla enjini, kunye nobunzima zonke zinegalelo kwisantya esinokuphunyezwa. Ukusebenza kwe-aerodynamic kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ukudonsa, amandla axhathisayo achasene nokuhamba kwenqwelomoya emoyeni. Ii-injini ezinamandla ngakumbi zinokuvelisa ukutyhala okukhulu, ziqhubela inqwelomoya ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa izinto ezikhaphukhaphu kunye noyilo kunokunciphisa ubunzima bubonke, ukuvumela isantya esiphezulu.
Iimeko zomoya ngomnye umba obalulekileyo ochaphazela isantya senqwelomoya. Ubuninzi bomoya, obutshintsha ngokuphakama kunye nobushushu, buchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-injini kunye ne-aerodynamics. Iimitha eziphakamileyo zinika umoya omncinci oxineneyo, onciphisa ukutsala kwaye uvumela iinqwelomoya ukuba zibhabhe ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuthetha ukuba ioksijini encinci yokutsha kwiinjini, yiyo loo nto iinqwelomoya ezifana neejethi zorhwebo zixhotyiswe iinjini ze-turbofan yenzelwe ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo.
Iimeko zemozulu, ezifana nesantya somoya kunye nendlela eya ngakuyo, nazo zinendima ebalulekileyo. Ii-tailwinds zinokusinyusa isantya somhlaba, ngelixa ii-headwinds zinokusinciphisa kakhulu. Isiphithiphithi esibangelwa yimozulu sinokuchaphazela intuthuzelo kunye nesantya apho inqwelomoya inokuhamba ngokukhuselekileyo.
IiNqwelo-moya ezihamba ngokukhawuleza kangakanani: Iindidi zezantya zenqwelomoya
Isantya senqwelomoya asiyongcamango yesinye kodwa yingqokelela yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezithi nganye ibe nenjongo eyahlukileyo kumxholo wokubhabha. Kwinqwelomoya, kusetyenziswa izigama ezininzi zesantya, nganye inika imbono eyahlukileyo malunga nokuba inqwelomoya ibaleka kangakanani na.
Isantya somoya esibonisiwe (IAS) koko abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bakubonayo kwizixhobo zabo, nto leyo ebonisa uxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo amava enqwelo-moya. Lo mlinganiselo ubalulekile kuhambo olukhuselekileyo kunye nokuhla ngenxa yokuba unxulumana ngokuthe ngqo namandla omoya ojikelezayo kumphezulu wolawulo lwenqwelomoya.
Isantya somoya esiyinyani (TAS) sesona santya senqwelomoya emoyeni kwaye sibalwa ngokulungisa i-IAS yoxinzelelo olungekho mgangathweni kunye nobushushu. I-TAS ibalulekile kuhambo lokuhamba kunye nocwangciso lokubhabha njengoko ibonisa isantya senqwelomoya ngaphandle kwempembelelo yomoya.
Olunye uhlobo lwesantya yi-V-speeds, yiseti yezantya ezisemgangathweni ezibalulekileyo kumsebenzi okhuselekileyo wenqwelo-moya. Ezi ziquka ukunduluka kunye nezantya zokuhla, kunye nezantya ezichaza imida yokusebenza kumacandelo eenqwelo-moya, ezifana nesantya esiphezulu se-structural cruising speed (Vno) kunye nesantya esingaze sidlule (Vne).
Ngokuqonda ezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo zesantya, ubani unokukuqonda ngakumbi ukuntsonkotha kwezinto abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya nabayili beenqwelo-moya abafanele baziqwalasele ukuze baqinisekise ukhuseleko nokusebenza kakuhle ekubhabha.
Isantya senqwelo-moya ngokweSigaba senqwelo-moya
Indlela ezikhawuleza ngayo iinqwelomoya itshintsha kakhulu kulo lonke uhambo. Iinqwelomoya zisebenza ngesantya esahlukileyo ngexesha lokusuka, ukuhamba ngenqanawa, kunye nokufika, apho isigaba ngasinye sifuna isantya esithile sokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Isantya sokuhamba
Ngexesha lokusuka, iinqwelo-moya zeenqwelo-moya zorhwebo kufuneka zifikelele kwi-150-180 mph ngaphambi kokuba zisuke kwindlela yokubaleka. Esi santya senza ukuphakama okwaneleyo ukoyisa ubunzima benqwelo-moya kunye notshintsho ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya emoyeni.
Iinqwelomoya ezincinci ezithwala inqwelomoya zifuna isantya esiphantsi sokusuka, ngesiqhelo malunga ne-60-80 mph. Iinqwelomoya ezinkulu ezifana neBoeing 747 zifuna malunga ne-180 mph ngaphambi kokuba zijikeleze.
Isantya sokuhamba ngenqanawa
Ukuhamba ngenqanawa yeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokubhabha. Iijethi zorhwebo zigcina isantya se-550-580 mph xa ziphezulu, zilungelelanisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwepetroli nokonga ixesha.
Esi santya sihlala singaguquki kulo lonke ixesha lokuhamba ngenqanawa. Iinqwelomoya zilungisa isantya sokuhamba ngenqanawa kuphela ngenxa yeemeko zomoya okanye iimfuno zolawulo lwendlela yokuhamba ngenqwelomoya.
Isantya sokufika
Iinqwelo-moya kufuneka zikhawuleze ukuya kwisantya esikhuselekileyo sokufika ngaphambi kokuba zifike ezantsi. Iinqwelo-moya zorhwebo zisondela kwiindlela zokumisa iinqwelo-moya ngesantya se-150-160 mph, esicothayo kancinci kunesantya sokusuka ngenxa yobunzima obuphantsi bepetroli kunye neeflephu ezinde.
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya balawula ngononophelo amazinga okuhla kunye nokunciphisa isantya ukuqinisekisa ukuhla okuhambayo okuhamba kakuhle nokulawulwayo. Ukuhla ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kubeka emngciphekweni wokugqitha i-runway, ngelixa ukuhla kancinci kakhulu kwandisa ingozi yokuma.
Isigaba ngasinye sokubhabha sifuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwesantya. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya bajonga isantya somoya rhoqo, besenza uhlengahlengiso ngokusekelwe kubunzima beenqwelo moya, iimeko zemozulu, kunye nemiyalelo yolawulo lwendlela yomoya.
IiNqwelo-moya ezihamba ngokukhawuleza kangakanani: Isishwankathelo seeNqwelo-moya zoRhwebo
Iinqwelomoya zorhwebo ngamahashe asebenza esibhakabhakeni, zithutha izigidi zabakhweli ngonyaka. Isantya seenqwelomoya zorhwebo lulungelelwano phakathi kokusebenza kakuhle, ukhuseleko, kunye nemiba yezoqoqosho.
Isantya sokuhamba ngeejethi ezininzi zorhwebo ziphakathi kwe-480 kunye ne-560 knots (550-650 mph okanye 885-1046 km / h). Olu luhlu lwesantya yindawo emnandi evumela iinqwelomoya ukuba zicuthe ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha ngelixa zinyusa inani leenqwelomoya ezinokwenziwa ngosuku. Ikwathathela ingqalelo ukukhululeka kwabakhweli, njengoko izantya eziphezulu zinokukhokelela ekukhweleni i-bumpier ngenxa yokwanda kwesiphithiphithi.
Umzekelo, i Boeing 747, enye yezona nqwelo-moya ezinomfanekiso kwaye zibonwa ngokukhawuleza, zihamba malunga ne-Mach 0.85, okanye i-85% yesantya sesandi. Esi santya siqinisekisa ukuba inqwelo-moya inokuhamba imigama emide efana neendlela ezinqumla iAtlantiki ngokufanelekileyo nangoqoqosho.
Uyilo lweenqwelomoya zentengiso zilungiselelwe ezi santya zokuhamba ngenqanawa. Ukusuka kumaphiko atshayelayo anciphisa utsalo ukuya kwiinjini ze-turbofan ezinamandla ezinikezela ngoxinzelelo oluyimfuneko, yonke inkalo yejethi yorhwebo ilungiswe kakuhle ukuze isebenze ngokufanelekileyo kwezi santya.
Zihamba Kanjani Iinqwelomoya: Isishwankathelo seeNqwelomoya zaBucala
Iinqwelomoya zabucala zinika uluhlu lwezantya, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo nobukhulu bazo. Ukusuka kwinqwelo-moya encinci eqhutywa yi-propeller ukuya kwiijethi zeshishini ezitofotofo, iinqwelomoya zabucala zibeka phambili ukulunga kunye nokuguquguquka, rhoqo ngesantya esiphezulu kuneenqwelomoya zorhwebo.
Iinqwelomoya ezincinci zabucala, ezifana ne-turboprops ye-injini enye, zinokuhamba ngesantya esijikeleze i-300-400 knots (345-460 mph okanye 555-740 km/h). Ezi zantya zivumela uhambo olukhawulezayo lwengingqi, luzenza zidume kwiinqwelomoya zohambo olufutshane okanye uhambo oluya kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezinokungabonelelwa ngeejethi zorhwebo.
Kwisiphelo esiphezulu se-spectrum, iijethi zezoshishino zenzelwe isantya kunye nokunethezeka. Iinqwelomoya ezifana ne Umda we-G650 inokufikelela kwizantya eziya kuthi ga kwiMach 0.925, phantse isantya sesandi. Esi sikhundla sithetha ukuba abaphathi bezoshishino kunye nabanye abahambi babucala banokufikelela kwiindawo zabo ngokukhawuleza, ukwandisa ixesha labo elifanelekileyo.
Iinqwelomoya zabucala azibotshwanga yimiqobo efanayo yokucwangcisa njengeenqwelomoya zorhwebo, ezivumela ukuba zibhabhe iindlela ezithe ngqo ngesantya esisiso kwinqwelomoya ethile, ngakumbi ukunciphisa ixesha lokuhamba kubakhweli bazo.
Zihamba njani iiNqwelomoya ngokukhawuleza: Isishwankathelo seeNqwelomoya zoMkhosi
Iinqwelomoya zomkhosi ziyilelwe isantya, isantya, kunye nokusebenza, ngokufuthi zityhala imida yoko kunokwenzeka kuphapho. Isantya ezisebenza ngaso iinqwelomoya zomkhosi bubungqina bobugcisa obuphambili nobunjineli obusetyenziswa kulwakhiwo lwazo.
Iijethi zokulwa, ezifana ne I-F-16 yokulwa ne-Falcon, inokufikelela kwizantya ngaphezulu kweMach 2, ngaphezulu kwesantya esiphindwe kabini sesandi. Ezi zantya zimangalisayo ziyimfuneko kwiimeko zokulwa, ezivumela inqwelomoya ukuba ithintele okanye ibaleke abachasi ngokufanelekileyo.
Iinqwelomoya zokubek'esweni kunye nokuqaphela kwakhona zisebenza ngesantya esiphezulu ukugubungela ngokukhawuleza iindawo ezinkulu okanye ukubaleka iindawo ezinobutshaba. I-Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird, ngokomzekelo, ibambe irekhodi yeyona nqwelo-moya iphefumlayo ikhawulezayo, ekwaziyo ukubhabha ngesantya esiphezulu kuMach 3.
Izixhobo kunye noyilo lwezixhobo zenqwelomoya zomkhosi, ezinjengokusetyenziswa kwetitanium kunye neemilo ezifihlakeleyo, zilungiselelwe ukumelana noxinzelelo lokubhabha ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nobushushu obuveliswa kukungqubana komoya kwezo zityholo.
Izinto Omele Uziqwalasele Ngokhuseleko Xa Ubhabha Ngesantya Esiphezulu
Ukuhamba ngenqwelo moya ngesantya esiphezulu kwazisa imingeni ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko efuna ubunjineli obuphezulu kunye nobuchule bokuqhuba. Iinqwelo moya ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu zijongana noxinzelelo lomzimba olungachaphazeli iinqwelomoya ezihamba kancinci.
Ubushushu obugqithisileyo obuvela kwi-Air Friction
Enye into exhalabisayo xa kubhabha ngesantya esiphezulu kukushushu kakhulu okubangelwa kukungqubana komoya. Njengoko isantya seenqwelo-moya sisanda, ukungqubana phakathi kwenqwelo-moya nomoya ojikelezileyo kuvelisa ubushushu obukhulu obunokonakalisa izinto ezakhiweyo.
Iinqwelo-moya ezingenzelwanga ukusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu zibeka emngciphekweni ukusilela kwezinto xa zibekwe kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Iinqwelo-moya zomkhosi kunye neenqwelo-moya ezisebenzisa i-supersonic zisebenzisa izinto ezikhethekileyo ezimelana nobushushu ezifana nee-titanium alloys ukumelana nezi meko zinzima.
Uqeqesho lwe-G-Forces kunye ne-Pilot
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ababhabha ngesantya esiphezulu kufuneka bajongane namandla e-G anzima achaphazela umzimba nengqondo. Ukuqhuba ngesantya esiphezulu kudala amandla axhuzulayo aphindwe kaninzi, nto leyo enokubangela ukuphazamiseka okanye ukucima kombane.
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya nabezomkhosi baqeqeshwa kakhulu ukulawula iziphumo ze-G-force. Bafunda iindlela ezithile zokuphefumla kwaye basebenzisa ii-G-suits ezithintela igazi ukuba lingangeni emzimbeni ongezantsi ngexesha lokuqhuba ngamandla amakhulu.
Ulawulo loxinzelelo lwesakhiwo
Ukuhamba ngenqwelo moya ngesantya esiphezulu kubeka uxinzelelo olukhulu kwizakhiwo zeenqwelo moya kunye neendawo zokulawula. Yonke into kufuneka imelane namandla angaphaya kwalawo afunyanwa ngexesha lokusebenza kweenqwelo moya rhoqo.
Abavelisi beenqwelo-moya benza uvavanyo oluqatha ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo kwisantya esiphezulu. Iinqwelo-moya zanamhlanje ziquka imida yokhuseleko eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kunye nesantya esingadluliyo (VNE) esikhusela ukusilela okukhulu kwesakhiwo ngexesha lokubhabha ngesantya esiphezulu.
Zihamba njani iiNqwelomoya ngokukhawuleza: Ezona nqwelomoya zikhawulezayo kwimbali
Ukutyhubela imbali, kuye kwakho impumelelo yesantya esimangalisayo kummandla wenqwelomoya. Ezi nqwelo-moya ziye zatyhala imida yesantya, ziseta iingxelo eziye zamangalisa nezikhuthazayo.
I-Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird ekhankanywe ngaphambili yenye enjalo, irekhodi layo njengeyona nqwelo-moya ikhawulezayo ukuphefumla emoyeni emi amashumi eminyaka. Ngesantya esiphezulu se-2,200 mph (Mach 3.3), i-Blackbird yayimangalisa ngexesha layo kwaye ihlala i-icon yesantya.
Iinqwelomoya zovavanyo nazo zibe negalelo elikhulu kwimbali yesantya senqwelomoya. I-North America i-X-15 yayiyinqwelo-moya ene-rocket eyenza irekhodi lehlabathi elisemthethweni ngesantya esiphezulu esake sarekhodwa yinqwelo-moya ephathwayo, esebenza ngamandla, efikelela kwisantya se-Mach 6.72.
Ezi zantya zembali azikho iirekhodi kuphela kodwa kunye neziganeko ezibalulekileyo eziqhube ukuqhubela phambili kobuchwepheshe be-aerospace, ekhokelela ekuphuculweni kwezinto, ukusebenza kwe-injini, kunye ne-aerodynamics.
Zihamba Kanjani Iinqwelomoya: Ikamva lezantya zeNqwelomoya
Ikamva lezantya zenqwelomoya lichulumancisa njengembali. Ngenkqubela eqhubekayo kubugcisa, izixhobo, kunye neenkqubo zokuqhuba iinqwelo-moya, isizukulwana esilandelayo seenqwelo-moya sithembisa ukuba siya kukhawuleza yaye sisebenze ngakumbi.
Uhambo lweSupersonic, oluye lwangathandwa emva kokuthatha umhlala phantsi kweConcorde, lubona ukuvela kwakhona kunye neenkampani ezisebenza kwiijethi zabakhweli ezintsha. Ezi nqwelo-moya zijolise ekunciphiseni amaxesha okubhabha ngokubonakalayo ngelixa zijongene nokusingqongileyo kunye neenkxalabo zengxolo ebezithwaxa iinqwelomoya zangaphambili.
Ngaphaya kwe-supersonic, uhambo lwe-hypersonic (isantya se-Mach 5 nangaphezulu) nalo luselundini. Ngelixa sisekwinqanaba lovavanyo, inqwelomoya ye-hypersonic inokuguqula uhambo lomgama omde, okunokuthi kunciphise amaxesha okubhabha okudlula kwilizwekazi ukuya kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa.
Ezi nkqubela phambili azinayo imingeni yazo, njengoko iinjineli kunye neenzululwazi zisebenzela ukoyisa imiba yokumelana nobushushu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha, kunye nokhuseleko ngezantya ezigqithisileyo. Kodwa iingenelo ezinokubakho kunxibelelwano lwehlabathi kunye nokuhamba zikhulu kwaye kufanelekile ukusukelwa.
Isiphelo esithi “Iinqwelo-moya zihamba ngokukhawuleza kangakanani”
Umbuzo othi “Zihamba ngesantya esingakanani iinqwelo-moya?” utyhila ihlabathi elintsonkothileyo nelinomdla lesantya seenqwelo-moya. Ukususela kwisantya esilinganisiweyo seenqwelo-moya zorhwebo ukuya kwisantya esikhawulezayo seenqwelo-moya zomkhosi, isantya seenqwelo-moya siphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi kunye nezinto eziqwalaselwayo.
Ukuqonda isantya senqwelomoya asikokuxabisa amanani angekabikho nje kuphela kodwa kwanokuqonda impumelelo yobugcisa kunye nokulungelelana ngononophelo phakathi kokhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokusebenza okuya kumisela ezi zantya. Nokuba yinkqubela phambili ezinzileyo yenqwelo moya yorhwebo, uhambo olukhawulezayo kwinqwelomoya yabucala, okanye amandla awoyikekayo eenqwelomoya zomkhosi, ibali lesantya esibhakabhakeni yingxelo eqhubekayo yokusungulwa komntu kunye nolangazelelo.
Njengoko sijonge kwikamva, usukelo lokuhamba ngenqwelo-moya olukhawulezayo nangakumbi nolunempumelelo ngakumbi lusaqhubeka. Inkqubela phambili kwi-horizon ithembisa ukwenza ihlabathi libe lincinci, ukusisondeza kunye ngesantya ebesicinga ukuba akunakwenzeka. Okwangoku, sinokumangaliswa kwizantya ezimangalisayo esele ziphunyeziwe kunye nomdaniso ontsonkothileyo wezinto ezenza ukuba kwenzeke konke.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo: Iinqwelo-moya zihamba ngokukhawuleza kangakanani
Iinqwelo-moya zihamba ngesantya esingakanani ngokomndilili?
Iinqwelo-moya zorhwebo zihlala zihamba ngesantya esingama-550-650 mph (480-560 knots) xa ziphezulu. Iinqwelo-moya zabucala ziqala kwi-300-460 mph kuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nohlobo lwenjini. Iinqwelo-moya ezincinci ezibhabha ngesantya esingama-100-180 mph, ngelixa imikhosi yomkhosi idlula i-1,500 mph ngexesha lemisebenzi yokulwa.
Iinqwelomoya zibhabha ngesantya esingakanani ngexesha lokusuka nokufika kwazo?
Iinqwelomoya zorhwebo zifikelela kwi-150-180 mph ngexesha lokusuka ngaphambi kokuba ziphume kwindlela yeenqwelo moya. Isantya sokufika sicotha kancinci kwi-150-160 mph ngenxa yokuncipha kobunzima kunye neeflephu ezinde. Iinqwelomoya ezincinci zisuka kwi-60-80 mph kwaye ziwele ngesantya esifanayo.
Ziziphi izinto ezigqiba ukuba iinqwelo-moya zihamba ngesantya esingakanani?
Uyilo lwenqwelo-moya, amandla enjini, kunye nobunzima zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela isantya. Iimeko zomoya ezifana noxinano lomoya, ukuphakama, kunye nobushushu zichaphazela kakhulu isantya. Izinto zemozulu kuquka icala lomoya kunye nokuxinana nazo zichaphazela isantya sokubhabha.
Iinqwelomoya zibhabha ngesantya esingakanani xa kuthelekiswa nesantya sesandi?
Iinqwelo-moya zorhwebo zihamba ngesantya esimalunga nama-85% esantya sesandi (iMach 0.85). Amajoni omkhosi adla ngokudlula iMach 2, ebhabha kabini kunesantya sesandi. I-SR-71 Blackbird ifikelele kwiMach 3.3, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yeenqwelo-moya ezikhawulezayo nezinabantu ezakha zakhiwa.
Ngaba iinqwelomoya zabucala zibhabha ngokukhawuleza kuneenqwelomoya zorhwebo?
Ezinye iijethi zoshishino zibhabha ngokukhawuleza kuneenqwelo-moya zorhwebo, apho iinqwelo-moya ezifana neGulfstream G650 zifikelela kwiMach 0.925. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweenqwelo-moya ezincinci zabucala zibhabha kancinci kwii-knots ezingama-300-400. Isantya sixhomekeke kubukhulu beenqwelo-moya, uhlobo lwenjini, kunye nenjongo yoyilo.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neKhosi yeSikolo saBucala esiLingayo.
