Intshayelelo kwi-Airspeed Indicator
Isalathisi sesantya somoya, esona sixhobo sibalulekileyo kwindawo yokukhwela kuyo nayiphi na inqwelo-moya, silinganisa isantya senqwelo-moya xa sithelekiswa nomoya oyingqongileyo. Isebenza ngokusekelwe kuxinzelelo oluhlukeneyo phakathi koxinzelelo lwe-static kwi-aircraft yangaphandle kunye noxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo olulinganiswa ityhubhu ye-pitot. Olu xinzelelo lokwahlukana luguqulwa lube lufundo lwesantya.
Isalathisi sesantya somoya sisebenza njengesixhobo esiphambili somqhubi wenqwelomoya ukugcina ulawulo lwenqwelomoya. Kwakhona kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekucwangcisweni kwendiza kunye nokuhamba, ukubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nokusebenza kwenqwelomoya phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo.
Isalathisi se-airspeed ayisosixhobo nje esinye kodwa indibaniselwano yamacandelo amaninzi asebenza kunye. Ezi zinto ziquka ityhubhu ye-pitot, i-port static, kunye nesalathisi ngokwaso, ukubonelela ngokufunda okuchanekileyo kunye nokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza kumqhubi.
Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kweSalathi sesantya somoya kwinqwelomoya
Isalathisi sesantya somoya sibalulekile kwimisebenzi yenqwelomoya ekhuselekileyo nenempumelelo. Ixelela umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ngesantya inqwelo-moya ehamba ngaso emoyeni, inkcazelo ebalulekileyo ukuze induluke ngokukhuselekileyo, ihambe, ize ihlale.
Ngaphandle koku kubalulekile isixhobo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abanakukwazi ukusilinganisa ngokuchanekileyo isantya sabo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimiphumo eyintlekele enjengokuma okanye ukodlula imida yesakhiwo senqwelo-moya. Ngoko ke, isalathisi se-airspeed sidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuselekeni kwendiza.
Ngaphezu koko, ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesantya somoya kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwenqwelomoya. Ezi santya zomoya ziquka i-Indicated Airspeed (IAS), i-Calibrated Airspeed (CAS), i-True Airspeed (TAS), kunye ne-Ground Speed (GS). Ngasinye kwezi santya sisebenza ngenjongo ethile kwaye sibalulekile kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokubhabha kunye neemeko.
Ukuphonononga isantya: Isishwankathelo
Isalathisi se-Airspeed silinganisa iintlobo ezine eziphambili zesantya: I-Airspeed Ebonakalisiweyo (IAS), i-Calibrated Airspeed (CAS), i-True Airspeed (TAS), kunye ne-Ground Speed (GS). Nangona kunjalo, kukho neentlobo ezimbini ezongezelelweyo, i-Equivalent Airspeed (EAS) kunye neNombolo ye-Mach (M), ezisetyenziswa kwiimeko ezithile zokubhabha, ngokukodwa kwi-high-speed and high-altitude flight.
I-IAS yinto ekrwada, yokufunda engalungiswanga eboniswe kwisalathisi sesantya somoya, ngelixa i-CAS iyi-IAS elungiswe kwisixhobo kunye neempazamo zofakelo. I-TAS yi-CAS elungiselelwe ukuphakama kunye nokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa, kwaye i-GS yisantya sangempela senqwelomoya phezu komhlaba.
I-EAS sisantya somoya kwinqanaba lolwandle esiya kuvelisa uxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo olufanayo njengeyona meko yenqwelomoya, kwaye iMach Number ngumlinganiselo wesantya senqwelomoya ukuya kwisantya sesandi. Ukuqonda ezi zantya zintandathu kubalulekile kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuze batolike ngokuchanekileyo ufundo lwezalathisi zesantya somoya kwaye benze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo ngexesha lokubhabha.
Ukuntywila nzulu: Isantya somoya esibonakalisiweyo (IAS)
I-IAS sisantya esifundwa ngokuthe ngqo kwisalathisi sesantya somoya. Lolona hlobo luthe ngqo lwesantya somoya, olubonisa umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi koxinzelelo lwe-static kunye ne-pitot. Nangona kunjalo, i-IAS ixhomekeke kwisixhobo kunye neempazamo zendawo, iyenza ingachaneki kangako kwiimeko ezithile zokubhabha.
Kwimiphakamo esezantsi kunye nesantya esiqhelekileyo sokuhamba ngenqanawa, i-IAS inokunika umboniso ochanekileyo wokusebenza kwenqwelomoya. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko inqwelomoya ikhuphuka, ubuninzi bomoya buyancipha, obunokubangela ukuba i-IAS ingathembeki kangako.
Ngaphandle kwemida yayo, i-IAS isantya esibalulekileyo kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya. Isetyenziselwa imida yesantya somoya efumaneka kwi incwadi yokusebenza yenqwelomoya, njengezantya zestora, i-flap ephezulu yesantya esongeziweyo, kwaye ungaze udlule isantya. Ke ngoko, ukuqonda kunye nokutolika i-IAS ngokuchanekileyo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okukhuselekileyo kwenqwelomoya.
Ukuqonda i-Airspeed Calibrated (CAS)
I-CAS yi-IAS elungiswe kwiimpazamo zesixhobo kunye neendawo. Ezi mpazamo zinokuvela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukubekwa kwe-pitot tube, ukuphakama, kunye nokuhluka kweqondo lokushisa, phakathi kwabanye. I-CAS inika umfanekiso ochanekileyo wesantya senqwelomoya emoyeni kune-IAS yodwa.
Ukubala i-CAS, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya basebenzisa iitheyibhile zokulungisa ezinikezelwe kwincwadana yokubhabha yenqwelomoya. Ezi theyibhile zivumela umqhubi ukuba amisele uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko kwi-IAS ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zenqwelomoya zangoku.
Nangona i-CAS idinga ukubala okongeziweyo, inika umboniso ochanekileyo wesantya sokwenene senqwelomoya emoyeni, okwenza kube sisixhobo esixabisekileyo kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-flight-speed flight, apho iimpazamo zesixhobo zinokuchaphazela kakhulu ukuchaneka kwe-IAS.
Ukubaluleka kwesantya somoya (TAS)
I-TAS sesona santya senqwelo-moya sihambelana nomoya ebhabha kuwo. Yi-CAS elungelelaniswe utshintsho kwi-air density ngenxa yokuphakama kunye nokuhluka kweqondo lokushisa. I-TAS ibalulekile kucwangciso lwenqwelomoya kunye nokuhamba, njengoko ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwenqwelomoya kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamafutha.
Ekubeni i-TAS ichaza utshintsho kwi-air density, inika umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wesantya senqwelomoya kune-IAS okanye i-CAS, ngakumbi kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ayithethi ngesantya somoya kunye nesalathiso, esinokuchaphazela kakhulu isantya senqwelomoya emhlabeni.
Ngaphandle kwesi sithintelo, i-TAS licandelo eliphambili ekubaleni isantya somhlaba kunye nokuqikelela ixesha endleleni, oko kuyenza ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo ekucwangcisweni kwendiza kunye nokuhamba.
Siyichaphazela Njani isantya sokubhabha (GS) kwiFlight
I-GS sesona santya senqwelo moya siphezu komhlaba. Yi-TAS elungelelaniselwe isantya somoya kunye nendlela. I-GS ibaluleke kakhulu kuhambo lokuhamba kunye nokucwangciswa kwenqwelomoya, njengoko imisela ixesha elithathayo ukuze inqwelomoya ifike kwindawo eya kuyo.
Ukuba inqwelo-moya ibhabha nge-tailwind, i-GS yayo iya kuba phezulu kune-TAS, ivumela ukuba ifike kwindawo yayo ngokukhawuleza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba i-aircraft ibhabha kwi-headwind, i-GS yayo iya kuba ngaphantsi kwe-TAS, ikhulise ixesha lokuhamba.
Ngelixa abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bengakwazi ukuyilawula i-GS, banokuyisebenzisela inzuzo yabo ngokulungisa indlela yabo yokubhabha ukuze bathabathe ithuba leemeko zomoya ezivumayo. Ke ngoko, ukuqonda i-GS kunye nendlela eyichaphazela ngayo inqwelomoya kubalulekile kucwangciso olusebenzayo nolusebenzayo lokubhabha.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-IAS, CAS, TAS, kunye ne-GS
I-IAS, i-CAS, i-TAS, kunye ne-GS zonke zidibene, nganye imele inkalo eyahlukileyo yesantya senqwelomoya. I-IAS lufundo lwesantya ekrwada, ngelixa i-CAS ilungisa olu fundo lwesixhobo kunye neempazamo zofakelo. I-TAS iphinda ilungelelanise i-CAS yotshintsho kuxinano lomoya ngenxa yokuphakama nokwahluka kwamaqondo obushushu, kwaye i-GS yi-TAS elungelelaniselwe isantya somoya kunye nendlela.
Ngasinye kwezi santya sisebenza ngenjongo ethile kwaye sibalulekile kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokubhabha kunye neemeko. Nangona kunjalo, zonke ziyinxalenye yomfanekiso omkhulu, ukubonelela umqhubi wenqwelomoya ukuqonda okubanzi kokusebenza kwenqwelo-moya kunye nokubenza bakwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi ngexesha lokuhamba.
Ukuqonda ubudlelwane phakathi kwezi santya zine kubalulekile kuye nawuphi na umqhubi wenqwelomoya. Ibavumela ukuba batolike ngokuchanekileyo ukufundwa kwesalathisi se-airspeed kwaye bahambe ngenqwelomoya yabo ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo.
Imiba eqhelekileyo kunye neeNgcebiso zokuJonga iNgxaki kwiiZalathi ze-Airspeed
Njengaso nasiphi na isixhobo, izikhombisi ze-airspeed zinokufumana imiba enokuchaphazela ukuchaneka nokuthembeka kwazo. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ziquka izithintelo kwityhubhu ye-pitot okanye i-port static, ukungaphumeleli kwesixhobo, kunye neempazamo zokulinganisa.
Ukuba isalathisi se-airspeed singasebenzi ngokuchanekileyo, sinokukhokelela ekufundweni kwesantya esingachanekanga, okunokuphazamisa ukhuseleko lwendiza. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo moya bajonge rhoqo izikhombisi zabo zesantya somoya kuzo naziphi na iimpawu zemiba kwaye bathathe amanyathelo okulungisa ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili kwendiza kufuneka kuhlale kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwetyhubhu ye-pitot kunye ne-static port kuyo nayiphi na i-blockages okanye umonakalo. Kwinqwelomoya, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bahlale bejonga ufundo lwabo lwezalathisi zesantya somoya kunye nezinye izixhobo xa kukho nakuphi na ukungangqinelani. Ukuba isalathisi sesantya somoya sikrokrelwa ukuba sinempazamo, kufuneka sinikwe inkonzo okanye sitshintshwe ngokukhawuleza.
isiphelo
Isalathisi sesantya somoya sibalulekile ekubhabheni, sinika iinkcukacha zesantya esibalulekileyo kwinqwelomoya ekhuselekileyo. Izantya ezibonisiweyo, ezilungisiweyo, eziyinyaniso, kunye nezaPhakathi nganye inendima yayo, inika abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ulwazi olubalulekileyo ekusebenzeni ngcono. Ukuzazi ezi zantya kuthetha ukukhuseleka nokutyibilika kweenqwelomoya, kuqaqambisa indlela ukuziqonda okuloyisa ngayo ukhuseleko lwenqwelomoya olungcono.
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