Intshayelelo kwi-Indicated Airspeed
Xa uqalisa uhambo lokuqonda ubuxhakaxhaka benqwelo-moya, umntu kufuneka aqale ayiqonde indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa sisantya somoya esibonisiwe (IAS). Yiparameter esisiseko kwi-cockpit, eboniswe ngokucacileyo kwi isalathisi sesantya somoya. Lo mlinganiso ubalulekileyo ayilonani nje kuphela kodwa lulwazi olubalulekileyo olusetyenziswa ngabaqhubi ukuqinisekisa ukuba inqwelomoya isebenza ngaphakathi kwemida ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza.
Undoqo wesantya somoya esibonisiweyo udlulela ngaphaya kwexabiso lalo lamanani; imele uxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo oluveliswa yintshukumo yenqwelomoya, ebonakaliswa njengesantya somoya sisixhobo. Olu xinzelelo lwamandla lusisiseko kwi-aerodynamics yenqwelomoya, ifuthe lokuphakama, donsa, kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi. Iiflaya zokuqala kunye neenqwelomoya ezinamava ngokufanayo kufuneka zibambe iinuances ze-IAS ukuze zilawule isibhakabhaka.
Ukuqonda ingqikelelo yesantya somoya esibonisiweyo kufuna ukuphonononga kwifiziksi yokubhabha. Iimpawu zesantya somoya zilinganisa umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi komoya ongatshintshiyo ojikeleze inqwelomoya kunye noxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo kumsinga womoya wenqwelomoya. Lo mahluko yinto abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abayibonayo njengesantya somoya esibonisiwe. Likhonkco elithe ngqo kwisakhono sokusebenza kwenqwelomoya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo neemeko ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuqonda iSiseko se-Airspeed ebonakalisiweyo
I-airspeed ebonisiwe ibandakanya abaqhubi bedatha ekrwada baqale babone kwizixhobo zabo. Sisantya senqwelomoya njengoko silinganiswe yi inkqubo ye-pitot-static, ebandakanya zombini ityhubhu ye-pitot yokulinganisa uxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo kunye namazibuko angatshintshiyo okulinganisa uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric. Isalathisi sesantya somoya sisebenzise le milinganiselo ukubonisa i-IAS.
Lo mlinganiso awubali utshintsho kubuninzi bomoya okanye ubushushu. Ukwahluka okunjalo kunokutshintsha ngokubonakalayo iimpawu zokusebenza zenqwelomoya. Ngoko ke, ngexa i-IAS isesona silinganisi sithe ngqo esifumanekayo kumqhubi wenqwelo-moya, asingomfanekiso opheleleyo wesantya senqwelomoya emhlabeni okanye kwimvulophu yokusebenza kwayo.
Ukudibana phakathi kwesalathisi se-airspeed kunye ne-pitot-static system igxininisa ukubaluleka kokuqonda ukulinganiselwa kwesixhobo. Izithintelo kwinkqubo okanye iimpazamo zesixhobo zingakhokelela ekufundeni okungachanekanga. Ngaloo ndlela, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bamele baqeqeshwe ukuze bakuqonde oko kungangqinelani yaye bayazi indlela yokusabela ngokufanelekileyo ukuze baqinisekise ukhuseleko kwinqwelo-moya.
Ukubaluleka kwesantya somoya esibonakalisiweyo kuPhapho
Isantya somoya esibonakalisiweyo asilonani nje elikwigeyiji; yintsika yeendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokubhabha. Kwinqwelomoya, ukulawula isantya somoya kubalulekile ekugcineni ulawulo lwenqwelomoya. I-IAS ibonelela ngereferensi ethembekileyo kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba baqhube izinto ezibalulekileyo, ukusuka ekundulukeni ukuya ekumiseni. Sisantya abasabela ngaso abaqhubi benqwelo-moya, besenza izigqibo ngexesha lokunyuka, ixesha lokuhla, nexesha lokuyihlengahlengisa indlela abaya kuhamba ngayo kumgaqo weenqwelo-moya.
Ngaphezu koko, i-IAS isetyenziselwa ukuthobela imimiselo yolawulo lwezithuthi zomoya kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba inqwelomoya ihlala ngaphakathi kwemida yayo yolwakhiwo. Inqwelomoya nganye inesantya esithile esaziwa ngokuba yi-V-speeds, esigqitywe yi-IAS. Oku kubandakanya izantya zokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo, njenge-Vr yokujikeleza kunye ne-Vne yokungaze igqithe isantya, eziyimfuneko ekuthinteleni ukusilela kwesakhiwo kwinqwelomoya.
Ukubaluleka kwe-IAS kunabela kwindima yayo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ngenqwelomoya okufanelekileyo. Ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli ngokupheleleyo ngokuvumela abaqhubi beenqwelo moya ukuba babhabhe ngesantya esicutha ukutsala kunye nokunyusa ukuphakama. Ngokuphathelele kulo mba, i-IAS isebenza njengesikhokelo separamitha kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba bajonge uluhlu lweemeko zokubhabha, iyenza ibaluleke kakhulu kushishino lwenqwelomoya.
Indlela yokubala i-Airspeed ebonisiweyo
Ukubala isantya somoya esibonakalisiweyo ikakhulu ngumsebenzi wesalathisi sesantya somoya senqwelomoya. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqonda inkqubo emva kokubala kunokubonelela ngengqiqo ekusebenzeni kwesixhobo. Ubalo luqala nge-pitot-static system ibamba uxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo lomoya ongqubana nenqwelomoya njengoko isiya phambili.
Olu xinzelelo oluguquguqukayo luthelekiswe ngokuchasene noxinzelelo lwe-atmospheri ye-ambient elinganiswa ngamazibuko angatshintshiyo. Isalathisi se-airspeed, i-mechanical okanye i-electronic device, itolika le ntlukwano yoxinzelelo kwaye iguqulelwe kwisantya sokufunda, esiboniswa njenge-IAS. Le nkqubo, ngelixa ibonakala iqondile, ibandakanya ukulinganisa okuyinkimbinkimbi kunye nezilungiso ngaphakathi kwesixhobo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka.
Kwiimeko apho isalathisi sesantya somoya singasebenzi ngokuchanekileyo, abaqhubi beenqwelo moya banokusebenzisa iindlela zokugcina ukuqikelela i-IAS yabo. Ezi ndlela zinokubandakanya izibalo ezisekelwe kwidatha ye-GPS, isantya somhlaba, isantya somoya, kunye nendlela, nangona zingachanekanga njengofundo oluthe ngqo lwe-IAS olusuka kwindawo esebenzayo. inkqubo ye-pitot-static.
Inkqubo yokubala i-IAS isemgangathweni, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuchaneka kokufunda kunokuphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi. Oku kubandakanya impazamo yesixhobo, ukungangqinelani kofakelo, kunye nemeko yenkqubo ye-pitot-static. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokulinganisa kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba izibalo zesantya somoya ezibonisiweyo zihlala zithembekile.
Izinto ezichaphazela i-Airspeed ebonisiweyo
Ngelixa isantya somoya esibonisiwe sibonelela ngereferensi ebalulekileyo kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, siphenjelelwa yintaphane yezinto ezinokuguqula ukuchaneka kwayo. Omnye uthunywashe onjalo kukuxinana komoya, okutshintsha ngokuphakama, ubushushu, noxinzelelo lomoya. Njengoko inqwelomoya inyuka, ukuxinana komoya kuyehla, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungavisisani phakathi kwe-IAS kunye nokusebenza kokwenyani kwenqwelomoya.
Ukwahluka kobushushu kukwadlala indima ekuchaphazeleni ufundo lwe-IAS. Umoya obandayo uxinene kunomoya ofudumeleyo, okuthetha ukuba kwi-IAS efanayo, inqwelomoya iya kuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko ezibandayo xa kuthelekiswa neemeko ezifudumeleyo. Oku kunokuchaphazela indlela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ababona ngayo isantya somoya kwaye kunokufuna uhlengahlengiso ukuze kugcinwe umsebenzi ofunekayo.
Enye into kukuchaneka kwesalathisi se-airspeed ngokwayo. Impazamo yesixhobo inokuvela kwimiba yokulinganisa, ukunxiba nokukrazula, okanye umonakalo kwinkqubo ye-pitot-static. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili kwenqwelomoya zibalulekile ekuchongeni nasekulungiseni le miba ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufundo lwe-IAS luhlala lungumthombo othembekileyo wolwazi lwabaqhubi.
I-Airspeed ebonisiwe vs. True Airspeed
Ukwahlula phakathi isantya somoya esibonisiwe kunye nesantya somoya (TAS) ibalulekile kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya ukuze baqhube kakuhle. Isantya somoya sokwenyani sichaza umahluko kuxinano lomoya kunye namaqondo obushushu angenawo yi-IAS. I-TAS sesona santya inqwelo moya sihamba ngaso emoyeni kwaye sibalulekile kucwangciso lokuhamba nokuhamba.
Ukuguqula i-IAS ibe yi-TAS, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka baqwalasele ubuninzi bomoya kwindawo yabo yokuphakama kunye nobushushu. Olu lungiso ludla ngokufezekiswa kusetyenziswa i-flight computer okanye i-electronic flight bag (EFB) izicelo ezenza uguqulo lube ngokuzenzekelayo ngokuqwalasela izinto eziguquguqukayo ezifanelekileyo.
Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwe-IAS kunye ne-TAS kubalulekile kunxibelelwano kunye nolawulo lwezithuthi zomoya kunye nokugcina imigangatho yokwahlula kwindawo yomoya elawulwayo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka babe nobuchule ekutolikeni ngezantya zozibini ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwenqwelomoya, ngakumbi xa bebhabha kwindawo ephakamileyo apho umahluko phakathi kwe-IAS kunye ne-TAS unokubaluleka.
Impembelelo ye-Airspeed ye-Airspeed kwi-Flight Performance
Isantya somoya esibonakalisiweyo sinempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwenqwelo moya. Lilitye lembombo abasekela phezu kwalo abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya izigqibo zabo ngokuphathelele ukuphakama, ukubekwa kwamandla, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwenqwelo-moya. I-IAS ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuphakanyiswa okwenziwa ngamaphiko, okubalulekileyo ukugcina ukubhabha.
Ukuba i-IAS iphantsi kakhulu, inqwelomoya isengozini yokuma ngenxa yokunganyuki ngokwaneleyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba i-IAS iphezulu kakhulu, inqwelomoya inokufumana uxinzelelo olungafanelekanga kwi-airframe yayo, enokuthi ikhokelele ekungaphumeleli kwesakhiwo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka, ke ngoko, bahlale bephaphile malunga nesantya sabo somoya ukuze bagcine inqwelomoya ingaphakathi kwimvulophu yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo.
Indima ye-IAS inabela ekundulukeni kwenqwelomoya kunye nokusebenza kokuma kwayo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya baxhomekeke kufundo lwe-IAS ukuze bamisele ixesha lokujikeleza ngexesha lokunduluka kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba inqwelo-moya ifika phantsi ngesantya esikhuselekileyo ngexesha lokumisa. Ezi zigaba zibalulekileyo zokubhabha zigxininisa ukubaluleka kofundo lwe-IAS oluchanekileyo kukhuseleko lokubhabha.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo malunga ne-Airspeed ebonakalisiweyo
Kukho iingcamango ezininzi ezingezizo malunga nesantya somoya esibonisiweyo esinokubangela ukubhideka phakathi kwabaqhubi beenqwelomoya kunye nabathandi bezophapho. Ukungaqondi okuqhelekileyo kukuba i-IAS imele isantya senqwelomoya ngokuhambelana nomhlaba. Enyanisweni, i-IAS ibonisa uxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo kwaye ayibonakali ngokuthe ngqo kwisantya somhlaba, esinokuchatshazelwa ngumoya kunye nezinye izinto.
Enye ingcamango ephosakeleyo yinkolelo yokuba i-IAS ihlala ihleli kungakhathaliseki ukuphakama. Ngelixa i-IAS ibonisa isantya somoya njengoko silinganiswe yinkqubo ye-pitot-static, ayithethi ngotshintsho kuxinzelelo lomoya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo, ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwangempela kwenqwelomoya.
Okokugqibela, abanye banokucinga ukuba i-IAS ephezulu ihlala ilingana nenqwelomoya ekhawulezayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-IAS kufuneka iqondwe ngokomxholo kunye neminye imilinganiselo yesantya somoya, efana ne-TAS kunye nesantya somhlaba, ukuxabisa ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza kwenqwelomoya. Kubalulekile ukususa ezi ngcinga zigwenxa ukukhuthaza ukuqondwa ngcono kwe-airspeed dynamics.
Ukuqhubela phambili kwiTekhnoloji ye-Airspeed Technology
Ummandla wetekhnoloji ye-airspeed ebonisiweyo ibone inkqubela phambili enkulu kule minyaka. Izinto ezintsha kwii-avionics zedijithali ziye zakhokelela kwizikhombisi ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo ze-airspeed. Indawo yokulala yeglasi yanamhlanje idibanisa ulwazi lwesantya somoya kunye nenye idata yenqwelomoya, inika abaqhubi benqwelomoya isishwankathelo esibanzi semeko yenqwelomoya.
Ukongeza, i-smart probes kunye neekhompyuter zedatha yomoya ziye zayiguqula indlela isantya somoya esilinganiswa ngayo. Ezi nkqubo zibonelela ngokuchaneka okongeziweyo kwaye zinokubuyekeza ezinye zeempazamo ezifumaneka kwiinkqubo zemveli ze-pitot-static. Ukudityaniswa kobu bugcisa buphucukileyo kwiindawo zokulala kuye kwaphucula ukhuseleko nokusebenza kakuhle kwenqwelo-moya.
Uphando luyaqhubeka ekuphuhliseni iinkqubo zokulinganisa isantya somoya eziphucukileyo ngakumbi, kubandakanywa nezo zinokubhaqa kunye nokuhlawula iimeko ze-icing kwi-pitot tube. Ikamva letekhnoloji yesantya somoya ebonakalisiweyo lithembisa ukubonelela abaqhubi beenqwelomoya ngezixhobo ezingachanekanga nje kuphela kodwa zikwazi ukumelana neemeko ezinzima ezidityaniswa nazo kwinqwelomoya.
isiphelo
Ukuhamba esibhakabhakeni ngokukhuselekileyo nangobuchule kuxhomekeke ekuqondeni komqhubi wenqwelo-moya kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesantya somoya esibonisiwe. Ngumba osisiseko wokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ophembelela lonke inqanaba lokubhabha, ukusuka ekundulukeni ukuya ekumiseni. Ubuchule be-IAS buvumela abaqhubi beenqwelomoya ukuba basebenzise inqwelomoya yabo ngaphakathi kwemida ekhuselekileyo, baphucule ukusebenza kwabo, kwaye bathobele imithetho yendlela yokuhamba emoyeni.
Njengoko ii-aviator ziqhubeka nokuya esibhakabhakeni, ukubaluleka kwe-IAS akunakubaxwa. Enoba ubhabha inqwelo-moya encinane enenjini enye okanye uqhuba inqwelo-moya yorhwebo, imigaqo yesantya esibonisiweyo ihlala injalo. Liqabane elihlala lihleli labaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, libakhokela kwizinto ezintsonkothileyo zasemoyeni.
Inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yokulinganisa isantya somoya inika umbono onika umdla kwikamva lophapho. Ngophuculo ngalunye, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya baxhotyiswe ngezixhobo ezingcono zokujongana nemingeni yokubhabha. Njengoko siqukumbela esi sikhokelo sibanzi, masikhumbule ukuba isantya somoya esibonisiweyo singaphezulu nje kwenani elikwisixhobo sokucofa—kukubetha kwentliziyo kwimizamo ekhuselekileyo nenempumelelo yokubhabha ngenqwelomoya.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neKhosi yeSikolo saBucala esiLingayo.
