Intshayelelo kwiiNqwelo-moya zoRhwebo
Ihlabathi lezophapho ngummandla onika umdla apho imimangaliso yobunjineli idibana namabhongo abantu. Embindini weli hlabathi kukho iinqwelo-moya ezithengiswayo, inqwelo-moya enkulu eyilelwe yaza yakhelwe ukuthutha abakhweli nemithwalo ukunqumla imigama emide. Aba matshini babhabhayo baye benza iinguqu kwindlela yokuhamba, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukunqumla amazwekazi neelwandle ngeeyure nje ezimbalwa—nto leyo eyakha yathabatha iinyanga. Ukubaluleka kweenqwelo-moya zorhwebo kunabela ngaphaya kwezothutho; basebenza njengabanxibelelanisi benkcubeko noqoqosho, izixeko ezinxibelelanisayo, amazwe kunye noqoqosho.
Ukuqonda iinqwelomoya zorhwebo kufuna ukuphononongwa kweenkqubo zazo ezintsonkothileyo, ezibandakanya i-airframeiinjini, avionics, kunye nezinye izinto ezingenakubalwa ezisebenza ngokubambisana ukuphumeza ukubhabha. Uyilo lwenqwelomoya yorhwebo luyamangalisa iAerodynamics, eqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo ngasinye siyakwazi ukunyukela esibhakabhakeni kamnandi nangempumelelo. Ngaphaya koko, iinqwelomoya zorhwebo ziquka uvuthondaba lwamashumi eminyaka enkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, ukuphuculwa kokhuseleko, kunye nophuculo lokuthuthuzela abakhweli.
Ukuxhaphaka kweenqwelo-moya ezirhwebayo kubonakala kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yezikhululo zeenqwelo-moya ehlabathini lonke, apho zisuka zize zihlale umzuzu ngamnye, zikhwelisa izigidi zabantu ukuya kwiindawo eziya kuzo. Ngokufuthi abakhweli bazigqala ezi nqwelo-moya njengezithuthi nje, ukanti zibonisa umdaniso ontsonkothileyo wefiziksi, ubunjineli nobuchule bomntu. Ukuntsonkotha kweenqwelo-moya zorhwebo kububungqina bobuchule bomntu, kwaye ubukho bazo buye benza ihlabathi libe yindawo encinci, efikelelekayo.
Ukuzivelela kunye noPhuhliso lweeNqwelo-moya zoRhwebo
Uhambo lweenqwelomoya zorhwebo yingxelo yenkqubela-phambili engapheliyo kunye nezinto ezintsha. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, iinqwelomoya zokuqala zorhwebo zazingenabunewunewu, zinika umthamo olinganiselweyo kunye noluhlu. Ezi nqwelo-moya zingoovulindlela bezisoloko ziguqulwa zisuka kuyilo lwasemkhosini, zisebenzela imarike ye-niche yabakhweli abazizityebi. Noko ke, njengoko imfuneko yokuhamba ngenqwelo-moya yayisanda, kwabakho nokhuthazo lokuphuhlisa iinqwelo-moya ezisetyenziselwa urhwebo.
Embindini wenkulungwane yama-20 kubone ukutsibela phambili okubalulekileyo ngokuqaliswa kweenjini zejethi, ezithathe indawo yeenqwelomoya ezicothayo, nezingasebenzi kakuhle. Ubudala bejethi beza neenqwelomoya ezifana neBoeing 707 kunye neDouglas DC-8, ezinokubhabha phezulu, ngokukhawuleza, kwaye zithwale abakhweli abaninzi kunangaphambili. Eli xesha liphawule ukuqala kohambo lomoya oluninzi, kunye neenqwelomoya ezandisa uthungelwano lwazo ukuze zidibanise izixeko kwihlabathi liphela.
Inkqubela phambili kwisayensi yezinto, i-aerodynamics, kunye ne-avionics iqhubekile ukubumba uphuhliso lweenqwelomoya zorhwebo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikhaphukhaphu, ezihlala ixesha elide kwakhokelela ekongezeni kokusebenza kwepetroli kunye noluhlu, ngelixa iinguqulelo kuyilo lwamaphiko kunye nobuchwepheshe be-injini ziye zafak' isandla kwinqwelomoya ezolileyo neziyikhathaleleyo imekobume. Iinqwelomoya zanamhlanje zisisiphumo sokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwenkulungwane, kubandakanya ulwazi oluhlangeneyo kunye namava ezizukulwana zeenjineli kunye neengcali zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya.
Zisebenza Njani Iinqwelomoya ZoRhwebo?
Embindini wokusebenza kwenqwelomoya yorhwebo kuku umgaqo wokuphakamisa, eveliswa ngamaphiko njengoko ihamba emoyeni. ILift kufuneka yoyise ubunzima benqwelomoya ukuze iphumeze ukubhabha. Oku kwenziwa ukuba kwenzeke ngokuma kwamaphiko, ezenzelwe ukudala indawo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi ngaphezu kwabo, ngaloo ndlela iphakamisa indiza esibhakabhakeni. Iinjini zibonelela ngokuyimfuneko sithatha, iqhubela inqwelomoya phambili kwaye incedisa ekudaleni ukuphakamisa.
Ii-injini zenqwelo-moya yorhwebo ziyamangalisa ngobunjineli, ezikwaziyo ukuvelisa amandla amakhulu okugcina ezi nqwelo-moya zinkulu kangangeeyure. Ii-injini zeJet zisebenza ngokucinezela umoya ongenayo, ziwuxube namafutha, zize ziwuvuthe umxube ukuze zivelise umsi ophuma ngesantya esiphezulu oqhubela inqwelo-moya phambili. Iinqwelomoya zorhwebo zale mihla zisebenzisa ii-injini ze-turbofan, ezisebenza kakuhle nezithuleyo kunezo zandulelayo.
Iinkqubo ze-Avionics, ezibandakanya iinkqubo zombane ezisetyenziswa kwinqwelomoya, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kweenqwelo-moya zorhwebo. Ezi ziquka iinkqubo zokuhamba ezikhokela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kwindlela yabo yenqwelomoya, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano ukuze bahlale benxibelelana nabo Ukulawulwa kwezithuthi zomoya, kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zoluvo kunye nezixhobo ezibeka esweni ukusebenza kwenqwelomoya. Ukuntsonkotha kwezi nkqubo kuqinisekisa ukuba inqwelo-moya isebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangendlela efanelekileyo, ukususela ekundulukeni ukuya ekufikeni kwayo.
Iindima kunye noxanduva lwabaqhubi beenqwelomoya kwiiNqwelo-moya zoRhwebo
Abaqhubi zii-linchpins ekusebenzeni kweenqwelomoya zorhwebo, eziphathiswe ukhuseleko lwabakhweli kunye nabasebenzi babo. Ukapteni, ongumqhubi wenqwelo-moya ophezulu, uthwele olona xanduva lwenqwelomoya kunye naye wonke umntu okhweleyo. Baxhaswa ligosa lokuqala, okanye umqhubi wenqwelo-moya oncedisana naye, onesabelo kwimisebenzi yokubhabha aze ancedise ekusebenziseni iinkqubo zenqwelo-moya. Bekunye, benza iqela ekufuneka lisebenze ngekonsathi ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya ngokukhuselekileyo nangokutyibilikayo.
Iindima kunye noxanduva lwabaqhubi beenqwelomoya zinwenwela ngaphaya kokuphatha inqwelomoya. Kufuneka babe nobuchule bokwenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo, amaxesha amaninzi bephantsi koxinzelelo, kwaye babe nokuqonda okunzulu kweenkqubo kunye nobuchule benqwelomoya. Kwakhona abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bagcine unxibelelwano olucacileyo nolungaguquguqukiyo nolawulo lweenqwelo-moya, banxibelelane nabo ukuze bahambe ngenqwelo-moya exakekileyo baze babambelele kucwangciso lwenqwelo-moya.
Ukhuseleko lubaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi leenqwelomoya zentengiso, kwaye abaqhubi beenqwelomoya baqeqeshelwa ukuphatha uluhlu olubanzi lweemeko zonxunguphalo. Oku kubandakanya ukujongana nokungaphumeleli komatshini, iimeko zemozulu ezimbi, kunye neziganeko ezingalindelekanga ezinokuvela ngexesha lokuhamba. Ubungcali babo buhlala buphuculwa ngeenkqubo zoqeqesho olungqongqo kunye neenkqubo zokuphinda baqinisekise ukuba bahlala bekwincopho yomsebenzi wabo.
Ukubaluleka kweZikolo zeFlight kuQeqesho lwabaqhubi bezoRhwebo
Izikolo zeFlight zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lweeaviator zexesha elizayo. Zizindawo zoqeqesho apho abanqwenelekayo babaqhubi beenqwelomoya bafumana ulwazi kunye nezakhono eziyimfuneko zokuyalela iinqwelomoya zorhwebo. Izikolo zokubhabha ezihloniphekileyo ezifana Florida Flyers Flight Academy ibonelela ngekharityhulam ecwangcisiweyo ebandakanya ukufunda kwethiyori kunye namava epraktikhali, eqinisekisa ukuba abafundi bazilungiselele kakuhle iimfuno zekhondo lomsebenzi wokulinga.
Uqeqesho lwethiyori kwizikolo zokubhabha lubandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwezifundo, kubandakanywa i-aerodynamics, i-meteorology, umthetho womoya, kunye nokuhamba. Olu lwazi lusisiseko lubalulekile, njengoko lusenza isiseko ekwakhiwe kuso izakhono ezisebenzayo. Abafundi kwakhona kufuneka baqonde ukuntsonkotha kwezinto zabantu kunye nolawulo lwezibonelelo zabasebenzi, eziyimfuneko ekugcineni ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwindawo yokulala.
Uqeqesho oluluncedo lubandakanya amava okwenene okubhabha, apho abafundi bafunda ukuphatha inqwelo-moya phantsi kolwalathiso lwabahlohli abanamava. La mava ezandla abalulekile, njengoko avumela abafundi ukuba basebenzise ulwazi lwabo lwethiyori kwiimeko zehlabathi zokwenyani. I-Flight simulators nayo idlala indima ekuqeqesheni i-pilot, inikezela ngemekobume engenabungozi ukuze baziqhelanise neendlela kunye nokujongana neemeko zongxamiseko ezifanisiweyo.
Jonga nzulu kuQeqesho lokuLinga uRhwebo
Ukungena nzulu kuqeqesho lokulinga urhwebo lutyhila uhambo olucwangcisiweyo nolungqongqo ukusuka kwi-novice ukuya kumqhubi oqeqeshiweyo. Uqeqesho luqala ngokufumana a Ilayisensi yokuLitha yaBucala (PPL), evumela abantu ukuba babhabhe inqwelo-moya encinci enenjini enye. I-PPL isebenza njengesiseko sezatifikethi eziphambili, kubandakanywa Ilayisensi yokuLinga uRhwebo (i-CPL) kunye neLayisensi yokuLinga i-Airline Transport (ATPL), efunekayo ukuqhuba iinqwelo-moya zorhwebo.
I-CPL linyathelo elibalulekileyo kuqeqesho lomqhubi wenqwelomoya, njengoko libagunyazisa ukuba basebenze njengomqhubi wenqwelo-moya okhokelayo okanye umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ekunye ukuze afumane umvuzo. Ukufumana eli phepha-mvume kubandakanya ukuqokelela inani elichaziweyo leeyure zokubhabha, ukuphumelela iimviwo ezibhaliweyo, kunye nokubonisa ubuchule bokubhabha ngeemvavanyo zepraktikhali. Uqeqesho lubanzi, lubandakanya imisebenzi yenqwelomoya entsonkothileyo, ubuchule bokuhamba phambili bokuhamba, kunye neenkqubo zeenqwelomoya zeenjini ezininzi.
Kwabo banqwenela ukuba ngabaphathi beenqwelomoya ezinkulu zorhwebo, i-ATPL yeyona nto iphambili kwiziqinisekiso zokulinga. I-ATPL ifuna abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bafake inani elikhulu leeyure zenqwelo-moya kwaye babe nokuqonda okunzulu kwemisebenzi yenqwelo-moya. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka baphumelele iimviwo zethiyori ezingqongqo ezigubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwezifundo ezinxulumene nokubhabha, kunye nokubonisa izakhono zabo zokubhabha kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo zokulinganisa.
Abavelisi abakhulu beeNqwelo-moya zoRhwebo
Ubume behlabathi beenqwelomoya zentengiso bonganyelwe ngabadlali abambalwa ababalulekileyo, ngamnye unembali ebalaseleyo kubunjineli be-aerospace. iBoeing kwaye Airbus mhlawumbi abona benzi baziwayo, kunye neenqwelo-moya zabo ezenza umqolo weenqwelo-moya ezininzi kwihlabathi jikelele. Ezi nkampani zidume ngokuqamba izinto ezintsha, umgangatho wazo, kunye nokhuseleko, zivelisa uluhlu lweenqwelomoya ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zentengiso.
I-Boeing, enekomkhulu layo e-United States, inelifa elisusela kwiintsuku zokuqala zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya. Inkampani iye yavelisa ezinye zezona nqwelo-moya zorhwebo, kuquka i-Boeing 747, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"Queen of the Skies," kunye ne-737, enye yeenqwelo-moya ezithengiswa kakhulu kwimbali. Ukuzibophelela kukaBoeing ekuqhubeleni phambili itekhnoloji yenqwelomoya kubonakala kwiimodeli zabo ezintsha, ezifana ne-787 Dreamliner, eqhayisa ngezixhobo ezibukhali kunye neenkqubo zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthuthuzela abakhweli.
I-Airbus, esekelwe eYurophu, iye yavela njengokhuphiswano olunzima kwi-Boeing, inika uluhlu lweenqwelo-moya ezigxininisa ukutsha kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Usapho lwe-Airbus A320 lukhetho oludumileyo kwiinqwelomoya, ezaziwa ngokusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha kunye nokuguquguquka kwizakhiwo zendlela ezahlukeneyo. Le nkampani yenza izihloko kunye ne-A380, inqwelomoya yabakhweli inkulu ehlabathini, nangona imveliso iye yaphela ngenxa yokutshintsha kweemarike.
IiNdlela zexesha elizayo kwiiNqwelo-moya zoRhwebo
Ikamva leenqwelomoya zorhwebo libunjwe kukufuna okuqhubekayo kokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, ukuzinza, kunye namava aphuculweyo abakhweli. Abavelisi baqhubeka bephonononga itekhnoloji entsha ukunciphisa ifuthe lokusingqongileyo lokuhamba emoyeni, ngokugxila kwezinye izibaso, ukuqhubela phambili kombane, kunye noyilo olungakumbi lwe-aerodynamic. Injongo kukudala iinqwelo-moya ezingasebenzisi amafutha kuphela kodwa zikhupha iigesi ezimbalwa ze-greenhouse, ezinegalelo kwimizamo yehlabathi yokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ukuqhubela phambili kwisayensi yezixhobo kukhokelela ekukhaphukeni, kwizakhiwo zenqwelomoya ezomeleleyo, ezinegalelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi. Izinto ezintsha ezifana ne-carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers sele zisetyenziswa kwiinqwelomoya zorhwebo zanamhlanje kwaye kulindeleke ukuba zixhaphake ngakumbi. Ukongeza, itekhnoloji yedijithali iguqula iikhabhinethi zeenqwelomoya, inika abakhweli unxibelelwano olukhulu, ulonwabo lobuqu, kunye neempawu eziphuculweyo eziphuculweyo.
Itekhnoloji yokubhabha yokuzimela yenye indawo enomdla, enokubanakho ukwenza utshintsho kwishishini lokubhabha. Ngelixa iinqwelomoya zorhwebo ezizimeleyo ngokupheleleyo ziseyithemba elikude, ukudityaniswa kweenkqubo ezizisebenzelayo ezikwizinga eliphezulu kusenokwenzeka ukuba kunyuke, kuphuculwe ukhuseleko nokusebenza kakuhle. Ezi nkqubo zinokunceda abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba bahambe kwiimeko ezinzima kunye nokunciphisa umthwalo wokusebenza kwi-cockpit.
Ukukhetha iSikole seFlight esiLungileyo soQeqesho loQeqesho lokuLinga uRhwebo
Kwabo banqwenela ukuba ngabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, ukukhetha isikolo esifanelekileyo ngenqwelomoya sisigqibo esibalulekileyo esinokuphembelela umkhondo wekhondo lomsebenzi wabo. Isikolo sokubhabha esihloniphekileyo, njenge Florida Flyers Flight Academy, ifanele inikele ngekharityhulam ebanzi, abahlohli abanamava, neqela leenqwelo-moya ezinyanyekelwa kakuhle. Abafundi abalindelekileyo kufuneka baqwalasele irekhodi lesikolo, kuquka izinga lempumelelo yabafundi baso ekufumaneni izikhundla kwiinkampani zeenqwelomoya.
Indawo yeFlorida Flyers Flight Academy esembindini weyona ndawo idlamkileyo yokubhabha emhlabeni ibonelela ngokutyhileka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu kunye nobunzima bendawo yomoya. Oku kubhengezwa kunokuba luncedo ekulungiseleleni abafundi imingeni abaya kujongana nayo njengabaqhubi beenqwelomoya. Ukongezelela, i-academy ibeka phambili ubukho bezixhobo zoqeqesho zanamhlanje, ezifana ne-simulators ye-flight kunye nezixhobo zokuqeqesha eziphuculweyo, ukuqinisekisa imfundo efanelekileyo.
Ukuvunywa kunye nentsebenziswano kunye neenkampani zeenqwelo moya okanye eminye imibutho yezomoya yimiba ebalulekileyo yokuzinikela kweFlorida Flyers Flight Academy kwimigangatho yeshishini kunye nomgangatho. Ubudlelwane obunjalo abuqinisekisi ukugqwesa kweziko lemfundo kuphela kodwa bukwabonelela ngeendlela ezikhokelela kwingqesho, ukubonelela abafundi ngendlela ecacileyo eya kumakhondo abo ekamva kuphapho lwezorhwebo. Ukukhetha isikolo sokuhamba ngenqwelomoya esifana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy kuqinisekisa ukuba abanqwenelekayo abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bafumana uqeqesho oluphezulu, lubabeka endleleni eya empumelelweni kwintsimi eguquguqukayo yorhwebo ngenqwelomoya.
isiphelo
Ummandla weenqwelo-moya zorhwebo ubandakanya ubunjineli obuntsonkothileyo, inzululwazi kunye nobuchule bomntu. Ukusukela kwindaleko kunye nophuhliso lwabo ukuya kwiindima zabaqhubi beenqwelomoya kunye nokubaluleka kwezikolo ngenqwelomoya, yonke inkalo yorhwebo ngenqwelomoya inegalelo kuthutho olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo lwabakhweli kunye nemithwalo kwihlabathi liphela. Njengoko sijonge kwikamva, ishishini liyaqhubeka nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha, liqhutywa kukufuna ukuzinza kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe.
Kwabo batsaleleke esibhakabhakeni, uhambo oluya ekubeni ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya lunzima kodwa lunomvuzo, luzaliswe kukufunda nokukhula komntu. Izikolo zeFlight ngamasango kulo msebenzi, zibonelela ngoqeqesho nesikhokelo esiyimfuneko ukuze uphumelele. Abo banqwenela ukuba ngabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bafanele bawakhethe ngenyameko amaziko abo oqeqesho, bafune lawo anikela ngeyona migangatho iphakamileyo yemfundo nawona mathemba afanelekileyo omsebenzi owanelisayo.
Iinqwelomoya zorhwebo ziye zaliguqula ihlabathi, zenza ukuba liqhagamshelwe ngakumbi kwaye lifikeleleke. Njengoko siqhubeka siphonononga isibhakabhaka, ukufuna ukubalasela kwinqwelomoya kuhlala kungumzamo ohlangeneyo-ofuna ukuzinikela, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, kunye nokuzinikela okungapheliyo kukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho. Uphononongo lokugqibela lokuba ziyintoni na iinqwelomoya zorhwebo bubungqina bomoya womntu kunye namandla awo angenasiphelo okubhabha ngaphaya kombono.
Bhalisa ngoku eFlorida Flyers Flight Academy kwaye uthathe inyathelo lokuqala elisingise kumsebenzi onika umdla wokubhabha ngenqwelomoya. Ngendawo ephambili kwindawo ephilileyo yokubhabha ngenqwelomoya, abahlohli abanamava, izixhobo zoqeqesho zale mihla, kunye nobudlelwane boshishino, sibonelela ngesixhobo sokuphehlelela esifanelekileyo sekamva lakho njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neKhosi yeSikolo saBucala esiLingayo.
