Senza ntoni isalathisi sobude?
Isalathisi sobude, esaziwa ngokuba yi-horizon eyenziweyo, sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwi- indawo yokukhwela inqwelo-moya. Inika ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nokuma kwenqwelo-moya xa kuthelekiswa nomda woMhlaba, oyimfuneko ngexesha lokubhabha, ngakumbi xa i-horizon yendalo ingabonakali. Indima yesi sixhobo kukugcina ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenqwelo-moya ngokubonelela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ngomboniso ochanekileyo, wexesha lokwenyani lwesimo sengqondo senqwelomoya.
Ingqikelelo yesi salathisi iqalela kwiintsuku zokuqala zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya. Ngaphambi kokuyilwa kwayo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya babethembele kakhulu kwiimpawu ezibonwayo ezisuka kwimo engqongileyo ukuze baqinisekise ukuba bajongwe phi na. Nangona kunjalo, ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nokwanda kwezantya zendiza kunye ukuphakama, imfuneko yesixhobo esithembekileyo esinokulinganisa ihorizon yaba yinto engenakuphikiswa.
Namhlanje, esi sibonakaliso sisixhobo esiqhelekileyo esifumaneka phantse kuzo zonke iinqwelomoya, ukusuka kwiinqwelomoya ezincinci ezinenjini enye ukuya kwiijethi ezinkulu zorhwebo. Indaleko yayo ibonise uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yezomoya, kunye nokuphindaphindwa ngakunye kuthembeke ngakumbi kwaye kulula ukutolika. Ukuqonda esi sixhobo kubalulekile kuye nabani na onqwenela ukuba nobuchule bokubhabha.
Ukubaluleka kweSalathisi soMphakamo kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya
Ukubaluleka kwesalathisi somphakamo kuphapho akunakubaxwa. Kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, iba njengamehlo abo xa ummandla wokukhanya ungabonakali, njengamafu, inkungu, okanye ubumnyama. Ngokubonelela ngomfanekiso ocacileyo kunye nokhawulezayo we-pitch yenqwelomoya (impumlo phezulu okanye ezantsi) kunye nebhanki (iphiko phezulu okanye ezantsi), isalathisi sinceda abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bagcine ulawulo kunye nokuhamba ngokukhuselekileyo.
Esi sixhobo sibaluleke kakhulu xa ubhabha phantsi kwemithetho yenqwelo moya (IFR), apho abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya babhabhe ngokuyintloko ngokubhekisele kwizixhobo ezikwindawo yokulala endaweni yokujonga emhlabeni. Isixhobo sivumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba bagcine i-flight level nangona kungabikho izinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo, ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuphepheni ukuphazamiseka kwendawo-enye yezona zinto zibangela iingozi ze-aviation.
Ngapha koko, esi sixhobo sibalulekile ngexesha lokuqhuba, ukusuka kunye nokufika emhlabeni. Ivumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba bahlole ngokukhawuleza baze balungise indawo ekuyo inqwelo-moya yabo, beqinisekisa ukuba inqwelo-moya ilandela indlela ekujoliswe kuyo. Kwiimeko ezinesiphithiphithi okanye iimeko zonxunguphalo, impendulo ekhawulezileyo enikwa sisalathisi sengqondo inokusindisa ubomi.
Ukuqonda indlela esisebenza ngayo esi sixhobo
Ukungena kubuxhakaxhaka besi sixhobo kutyhila unxibelelwano oluntsonkothileyo lwe iigyroscopes, ukuba ngqongqo esithubeni, nokudlulela phambili. Inxalenye ephambili yesalathisi sokuphakama kwendabuko yi-gyroscope, ejikeleza ngokukhawuleza kwaye igcine ukuqhelaniswa kwayo ngenxa yomgaqo wokuqina kwindawo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba inqwelo-moya ihamba njani, i-gyroscope ihlala igxininisekile, inika indawo yokubhekisela ezinzileyo.
I-gyroscope ifakwe kwinkqubo yegimbal evumela ukuba ihambe ngokukhululekileyo njengoko inqwelomoya iphosa kwaye iqengqeleka. Ubuso besalathisi bubonisa inqwelo-moya encinane okanye isimboli ehamba ngasemva ephawulwe ngemigca emele i-horizon kunye nezidanga zepitch kunye nebhanki. Njengoko inqwelo-moya itshintsha ukuphakama, i<em>gyroscope ihlala izinzile, nenkqubo yegimbal ithambekele, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umboniso ubonise ukuma kwenqwelo-moya elundini phayaa.
Izalathi zobude bale mihla zinokusebenzisa izinzwa zombane kunye neziboniso zedijithali endaweni yee-gyroscopes zoomatshini. Ezi zixhobo zokubhabha ze-elektroniki, ezaziwa ngokuba zii-cockpits zeglasi, zisebenzisa i-accelerometers nezinye izixhobo zoluvo ukuze zibone umphakamo wenqwelo-moya zize ziyibonise kwiscreen. Le nkqubo yedijithali inenzuzo yokungabinangxaki kangako kwimiba yoomatshini kwaye inokudibanisa nezinye iinkqubo zolwazi lokubhabha.
Iimpawu ze-Altitude Indicator
Ukuqonda iimpawu zesalathisi somphakamo ngundoqo kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, njengoko kunika ulwazi oluthembekileyo malunga nokuma kwenqwelo-moya. Ezi mpawu ziyilelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka, ukucaca, kunye nokhuseleko kwinqanaba ngalinye lenqwelomoya.
Ukuyila nokuBonisa
Uyilo lwesi sixhobo lujolise ekucaciseni nasekutolikeni lula. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bakwazi ukukrwaqula ngokukhawuleza isixhobo baze baqonde ukuma kwenqwelo-moya. Umboniso ubonisa isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza ngaphezu komhlaba omdaka, owahlulwe ngomgca omhlophe wehorizon. Umfanekiso wenqwelo-moya ubekwe phezulu ngaphezulu kwale mvelaphi, nto leyo ebonisa indawo ekuyo inqwelo-moya xa ithelekiswa nomphezulu.
Ukubonakaliswa kwePitch kunye neBhanki
Isikali sokulinganisa kwisixhobo sibonisa impumlo yenqwelomoya okanye ukuphakama kwempumlo, ilinganiswe ngeedigri ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi komgca wehorizon. Isikali sebhanki sibonisa i-angle yamaphiko ngokumalunga nokuhamba kwinqanaba. Ezi zikali zibalulekile ekuqhubeni iindlela ezichanekileyo kunye nokugcina umphakamo ozinzileyo wokubhabha.
Isiphawuli seReferensi esinokulungiswa
Isiphawuli sesalathiso esihlengahlengiswayo, esaziwa ngokuba ngumlawuli wenqwelomoya, sinokugqunywa kwisalathisi sesimo. Esi siphawuli sibonelela ngesikhokelo esibonakalayo somqhubi wenqwelo-moya ukuze alungelelanise impumlo kunye namaphiko enqwelo-moya nobude obufunekayo. Iluncedo ngakumbi ngexesha lokuqhuba okuntsonkothileyo okanye kwiindlela zesixhobo.
Imiba eqhelekileyo kunye nokuJonga iNgxaki
Njengaso nasiphi na isixhobo se-cockpit, isalathisi sobude ngamanye amaxesha sinokufumana iimpazamo okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle. Ukwazi eyona miba ixhaphakileyo kunye nendlela yokuyicombulula kunceda abaqhubi beenqwelo moya bagcine ukhuseleko kwaye basabele ngokukhawuleza xa bebhabha.
Ukungaphumeleli kweNkqubo yeVacuum
Iimpawu ezininzi zokuphakama kwemveli zinikwa amandla yinkqubo yokucoca ejikeleza i-gyroscope. Ukungaphumeleli kule nkqubo kunokubangela ukuba isixhobo sinikeze ulwazi olungalunganga okanye ukuyeka ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka baphaphile ekubekeni iliso kwigeyiji yoxinzelelo lwevacuum kwaye babe nokuqonda okucacileyo kwezinye izixhobo zereferensi kwimeko yokusilela.
Gyroscopic Precession
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-gyroscope ejikelezayo kwizalathi zomphakamo woomatshini inokufumana i-precession, ebangela ukuba isixhobo sibaleke ukusuka kukulungelelaniswa kwayo ngokuchanekileyo. Ukulungelelaniswa rhoqo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kuyafuneka ukuchasana noku tyekela kwendalo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwesalathisi.
Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesalathisi soMphakamo woMbane
Kwii-cockpits zeglasi, isixhobo sixhomekeke kwi-electronic sensors, ezinokuthi ngamanye amaxesha zingasebenzi kakuhle ngenxa ye-software glitches okanye imiba ye-hardware. Ukusombulula ezi ngxaki kunokubandakanya ukusetha ngokutsha inkqubo, ukujonga uqhagamshelo oluxekethileyo, okanye ukubonisana nabasebenzi bokulungisa imiba entsonkothileyo.
Usifunda njani iSalathi soBuphezulu
Ukufunda ukufunda isalathisi sobude akukho malunga nokujonga nje ukucofa - imalunga nokutolika iinkcukacha ezifihlakeleyo ezikuxelela kanye apho inqwelomoya yakho ihleli khona esibhakabhakeni. I-horizon bar, inqwelomoya encinci, kunye neempawu zepitch zisebenza kunye ukukunika ulwazi olukhawulezileyo lokunyuka, ukwehla, okanye ukubhabha kwinqanaba. Ubuchule bobu buchule buvumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba basabele ngokuzithemba xa bengabonakali kakuhle kwaye bagcine ulawulo olululo.
Ukutolikwa koMboniso
Ukufunda isalathisi sobude buqala ngokutolika isiboniso. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bakhawuleze bahlole ukuba inqwelomoya ihambelana phi na nomgca wehorizon kunye nebala lokutsiba kunye nezikali zebhanki. Lo mzobo uvumela abaqhubi benqwelo-moya ukuba baqonde ukuphakama kwenqwelo-moya ngokukrwaqula nje kokujonga kwaye benze uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko.
Ukujonga ngokunqamlezayo kunye nezinye izixhobo
Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwesixhobo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bajongane nezinye izixhobo, ezifana ne-altimeter, isalathisi se-airspeed, kunye nomququzeleli wokujika. Ukungahambelani phakathi kwezixhobo kungabonisa umba onokuthi ube nesalathisi sokuphakama okanye esinye isixhobo.
Ukulungelelanisa ukugcina iNqanaba lokubhabha
Ukugcina inqwelomoya esemgangathweni ibandakanya ukugcina inqwelomoya encinci ilungelelaniswe nomgca wehorizon kwaye ibekwe embindini phakathi kwebala kunye nezikali zebhanki. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bamele baqhubeke besenza uhlengahlengiso olungephi kulawulo lwenqwelo-moya ukuze bahlawulele utshintsho kumoya, umoya, nezinye izinto ezingaphandle ezinokuchaphazela isimo sengqondo senqwelo-moya.
Uqeqesho lwabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya: Ukugqwesa iSalathi soMphakamo
Uqeqesho olunesalathisi sokuphakama komgangatho sesinye sezakhono zokuqala umqhubi wenqwelomoya womfundi ngamnye ekufuneka eyincutshe. Yakha isiseko sesixhobo sokubhabha, inceda abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba bagcine indlela abaqhelana ngayo naxa izinto ezibonwayo zingasekho. Ngokuziqhelanisa rhoqo, abaqeqeshwayo bafunda ukufunda utshintsho olufihlakeleyo ngokukhawuleza kwaye baguqule esi sixhobo sibe ngumhlobo othembekileyo kwisigaba ngasinye sokubhabha.
Umyalelo weSikolo soMgangatho
Isikolo samabanga aphantsi kulapho abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya baqala bafunda imiba yethiyori yesalathi sobude. Abahlohli bachaza indlela isixhobo esisebenza ngayo, ukubaluleka kwaso kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokubhabha, kunye nendlela yokutolika ufundo lwaso. Olu lwazi lusisiseko lubalulekile ngaphambi kokuba abaqhubi baqhubele phambili kuqeqesho oluqhutywayo.
Uqeqesho lokulinganisa
Uqeqesho lwe-Simulator luvumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba baziqhelanise nokusebenzisa isalathisi sokuphakama kwindawo elawulwayo. Iimeko zinokucwangciswa ukulinganisa iimeko zokubhabha kwesixhobo, ukusilela kwenkqubo, okanye umngeni wemozulu, ukunika abaqhubi ithuba lokuphuhlisa izakhono zabo ngaphandle kwemingcipheko yelizwe lokwenyani.
Uqeqesho kwiFlight
Olona vavanyo lugqibeleleyo lokuqonda komqhubi wesalathisi somphakamo luza ngexesha lokubhabha. Phantsi kwesikhokelo somhlohli, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya baziqhelanisa nokusebenzisa isixhobo sokuhamba, ukuqhuba, kunye nokusingatha iimeko zikaxakeka. La mava asebenza ngezandla aqinisa ukukwazi kwabo ukuthembela kwisalathisi sokuphakama njengomthombo ophambili wolwazi lwemeko.
Iingcebiso zeSalathi soMphakamo oBalulekileyo kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya
Ukubhabha ngokukhuselekileyo akukhona nje malunga nokwazi ukuba izixhobo zibonisa ntoni-imalunga nokuzitolika ngokuchanekileyo phantsi koxinzelelo. Isalathisi sokuphakama sinokubonakala silula, kodwa iimpazamo ezincinci ekufundeni okanye ukuthembela kuyo kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu. Yiyo loo nto wonke umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ezuza kumacebiso aluncedo aphucula ulwazi, aphucule indlela abasabela ngayo, aze akhe intembelo kwindawo yokuqhuba abaqhubi.
Skena rhoqo zonke izixhobo zokusebenza
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka baphuhlise iskena sesixhobo esicwangcisiweyo esibandakanya isalathisi sobude. Lo mkhwa uqinisekisa ukuba bahlala beqaphela ukuphakama kwenqwelo-moya kwaye banokubona ngokukhawuleza nakuphi na ukungafani okunokuthi kuvele.
Thembela kwisixhobo
Kwiimeko apho iimpawu ezibonakalayo zingekho okanye zilahlekisayo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bathembe isalathisi sokuphakama phezu kweemvakalelo zabo. I-Spatial disorientation ingenzeka xa abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bethembele kwimbono yabo kunezixhobo zabo, okukhokelela kwiimeko ezinobungozi.
Ziqheliseni Phantsi Kweemeko Ezahlukeneyo
Ubuchule nesalathisi sobude buvela ekuzilolongeni phantsi koluhlu olubanzi lweemeko. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bafune amathuba okubhabha ngokungabonakali kakuhle, kwisiphithiphithi, nangexesha lokuphakama okungaqhelekanga ukuze babe nobuchule ekuthembeleni kwisibonisi sengqondo kuyo nayiphi na imeko.
isiphelo
Isalathisi sokuphakama kokuphakama singaphezulu nje kwesinye isixhobo segumbi lomqhubi wenqwelo-moya—yinetha yokhuseleko lomqhubi wenqwelo-moya xa kubonakala kusiba mnyama kwaye iimeko ziba nzima. Ukusuka kwi-gyros yoomatshini bokuqala ukuya kwimiboniso yedijithali yanamhlanje, indima yayo iye yaqina ngakumbi ngetekhnoloji.
Kuwo wonke umqhubi wenqwelomoya, ukuphatha esi sixhobo akunyanzelekanga; sisakhono esingundoqo esigcina iinqwelomoya zikhuselekile kwaye zichanekile. Nokuba uqeqesho kwi-simulator okanye ukuhamba esibhakabhakeni sokwenyani, isalathisi sokuphakama sihlala singumhlobo othembekileyo. Kwaye njengoko izinto ezintsha ziqhubeka nokubumba inqwelomoya, ukubaluleka kwayo kuya kuba nzulu kuphela-ukuqinisekisa ukuba isizukulwana esilandelayo sabaqhubi babhabha ngokuzithemba ngakumbi kunye nokhuseleko.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Ukuqonda ifayile ye- isalathisi sobude ibalulekile kukhuseleko nokuzithemba ukubhabha. Nantsi eminye imibuzo eqhelekileyo abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kunye nabafundi bahlala bebuza:
Isalathisi sobude sibonisa ntoni?
Ibonisa ukuqhelaniswa kwenqwelo-moya xa kuthelekiswa nomphezulu, ibonisa ukuba impumlo iphoselwe phezulu okanye ezantsi na kwaye ukuba amaphiko aphakamile okanye asebhankini.
Kutheni isalathisi sobude sibalulekile?
Inika ulwazi lwemeko kwiimeko apho iimbekiselo zembonakalo zangaphandle zisikelwe umda, njengakumafu okanye ukungaboni kakuhle.
Usifunda njani isalathisi sobude ngokuchanekileyo?
Gxininisa kwisimboli yenqwelomoya encinci esembindini. Ukuba ingaphezulu komgca we-horizon, impumlo iphakanyiswe phezulu; ukuba ingaphantsi, impumlo ithotywe phantsi. Ii-engile zebhanki ziboniswa ngokuthambeka kwamaphiko ngokubhekiselele kumanqaku edigri.
Ziziphi iintsilelo eziqhelekileyo zesalathisi sokuphakama?
I-Mechanical gyros inokuwa okanye idlulele ekuhambeni kwexesha, ibonisa ufundo olungachanekanga. Ii-cockpits zegilasi zeDijithali zinokuchaphazeleka kukuboniswa okanye iimpazamo zenzwa, nangona ezi zinqabile.
Ngaba umqhubi wenqwelo-moya unokubhabha ngaphandle kwesalathisi sobude?
Ewe, kodwa kuyingozi. Izixhobo ze-backup kunye noqeqesho olufanelekileyo kwi-partial-panel flying zibalulekile xa isalathisi sokuphakama singaphumeleli.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neKhosi yeSikolo saBucala esiLingayo.
