Intshayelelo kuMphakamo: Isishwankathelo
Ukuphakama, kwezona nkcazo zilula, kubhekiselele kumgama othe nkqo phakathi kwendawo esemoyeni kunye nendawo yokubhekisa emhlabeni. Kwihlabathi lezomoya, le ngcamango ibaluleke kakhulu. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, abalawuli beenqwelo-moya, neenjineli zeenqwelo-moya ngokufanayo bamele babe nolwazi olunzulu ngomphakamo nezinto ezininzi ezintsonkothileyo.
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa nokutolika ukuphakama, nganye isebenzela injongo eyodwa kuphapho. Ukuqonda ezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo kubalulekile, kungekuphela nje kwabo bahamba ngenqwelo-moya, kodwa nakwabo bayila baze bagcine aba matshini babhabhayo. Kukwabalulekile kubalawuli bezithuthi zomoya abalawula indawo yomoya ukuze baqinisekise ukusebenza kwenqwelomoya ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo.
Kwiliso elingaqeqeshwanga, kunokubonakala ngathi yingcamango ethe ngqo. Kodwa eneneni, yingcinga entsonkothileyo enemigangatho eyahlukeneyo. Ukuyiqonda ngcono kunye nendima yayo kwinqwelomoya, kubalulekile ukuhlolisisa iinkcukacha. Eli nqaku lijolise ekuboneleleni nzulu kwiindidi ezintlanu zobude obusetyenziswa kwinqwelomoya.
Ukubaluleka koMphakamo kuPhapho
Umphakamo udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwenqwelomoya. Ichaphazela yonke into ukusuka ekusebenzeni kwenqwelomoya ukuya kukhuseleko lwayo. Ukusebenza kwenqwelomoya, kubandakanya isantya, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha, kunye nokusebenza kwenjini, zonke ziyatshintsha nayo. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kunokukhokelela kumoya omncinci, onokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-injini kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamafutha.
Ngaphezu koko, ibalulekile kulawulo lwezomoya. Ukuze kugcinwe imigama ekhuselekileyo phakathi kwenqwelo-moya, abalawuli beenqwelo-moya basebenzisa yona ukwahlula iinqwelo-moya. Yiloo nto iinqwelomoya zihlala zinikwa amanqanaba athile okubhabha ukuqinisekisa ukuba azingqubani.
Ukongeza, ibalulekile nakwindlela yokuhamba. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya basebenzisa indlela efundwa ngayo ukuze babone indawo abakuyo nokulandela iindlela ezichongiweyo ngenqwelo-moya. Ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo, ngoko ke, kubalulekile kuye nabani na obandakanyeka kuphapho.
Ukuqonda ezi Ndidi zintlanu
Kukho iindidi ezintlanu kuphapho: ngokupheleleyo, yinyani, ibonisiwe, uxinzelelo, kunye nokuphakama koxinzelelo. Nganye kwezi inenjongo ethile kwaye isetyenziswa phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo.
Uhlobo olupheleleyo lubhekiselele kumphakamo wokwenyani wenqwelomoya ngaphezulu komphezulu woMhlaba. Uhlobo lokwenyani ngumphakamo ongaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle. Ukuphakama okubonisiwe koko kuboniswa kwialtimeter yenqwelo-moya. Uhlobo loxinzelelo lusetyenziselwa ukubala ukusebenza kwenqwelomoya, kwaye uhlobo loxinaniso lusetyenziswa ukumisela ukuba inqwelomoya iya kwenza njani na kwiimeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo.
Uhlobo ngalunye lubonelela ngolwazi oluthe ngqo ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, kunye nabalawuli bezithuthi zomoya kufuneka baqinisekise ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwenqwelomoya. La macandelo alandelayo aya kuphonononga nzulu kudidi ngalunye kwezi.
Ubude obupheleleyo
Uhlobo olupheleleyo lubhekiselele kumgama othe nkqo wenqwelomoya ngaphezu komgangatho ophantsi. Lo mlinganiselo ufanelekile ngakumbi xa inqwelo-moya ibhabha kumanqanaba asezantsi, umzekelo, ngexesha lokunduluka, ukumisa, okanye xa ibhabha phezu komhlaba.
Ukuwulinganisa, iinqwelomoya zisebenzisa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-a ialtimeter yeradar. Esi sixhobo sithumela iliza likanomathotholo phantsi emhlabeni size silinganise ixesha elithathwayo ukuze iliza libuye umva. Ngokubala eli xesha, i-radar altimeter inokumisela umgama ochanekileyo phakathi kwenqwelomoya kunye nomhlaba.
Ukuqonda uhlobo oluchanekileyo kubalulekile kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, ngakumbi xa bebhabha kwindawo engabonakaliyo. Ibancedisa ukuba baphephe imiqobo kwaye baqinisekise ukuhla okukhuselekileyo ngokubonelela ngobude obuchanekileyo ngaphezu komhlaba.
Uhlobo Lwenyani
Olu hlobo ngumgama othe nkqo wenqwelo-moya ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle ophakathi (AMSL). Ngokungafaniyo nohlobo olupheleleyo, olutshintshayo kunye nomhlaba, uhlobo lokwenyani luhlala lungaguquki kwaye aluchatshazelwa yi-topography engaphantsi kwenqwelomoya.
Umphakamo wokwenyani ubaluleke kakhulu kwiinjongo zokukhangela. Isetyenziswa kwiitshathi zomoya kunye neemephu, ezibonisa iindlela zenqwelomoya kunye nendawo yomoya ngokwe-AMSL. Bengazi, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abanakukwazi ukuqiniseka ngokuchanekileyo indawo abakuyo okanye ukulandela indlela abazimisele ukubhabha ngayo.
Umphakamo wokwenyani udla ngokumiselwa ngokusebenzisa ialtimeter, isixhobo sebarometric esilinganisa ukuphakama ngokusekwe kuxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric lutshintsha kunye neemeko zemozulu, iialtimeters kufuneka zilinganiswe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukufundwa okuchanekileyo.
Ubude obubonakalisiweyo
Olu hlobo lubhekiselele kufundo lobude obuboniswe kwialtimeter yenqwelomoya. Eli xabiso lithatyathwe kuxinzelelo lwe-atmospheri kwi-altitude yangoku yenqwelo-moya. Njengoko inqwelo-moya inyuka okanye ihla, uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric luyatshintsha, lubangela ukuba i-altimeter ibonise isalathisi esahlukileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, akusoloko kufana nokuphakama kokwenyani. Oku kungenxa yokuba ialtimeter ilinganiswe kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zomoya, ezithatha ubushushu obuthile kunye noxinzelelo kumphakamo wolwandle. Ukuba iimeko zangempela ziyaphambuka kule miqathango yemigangatho, uhlobo olubonisiweyo luya kwahluka kuhlobo lokwenyani.
Ngaphandle koku, ukuphakama okubonisiweyo kuseluncedo kuphapho. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu ngabalawuli bezithuthi zomoya ukwahlula iinqwelomoya ngokuthe nkqo. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iinqwelo-moya zisebenzisa imilinganiselo yokulinganisa imilinganiselo efanayo, abalawuli beenqwelo-moya banokuwugcina umgama okhuselekileyo phakathi kwazo.
Uhlobo loxinzelelo
Olu hlobo bubude obungaphezulu kwe-a inqwelomoya yedatha eqhelekileyo (SDP), inqanaba lethiyori apho uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric luyi-29.92 intshi ze-mercury (Hg). Olu hlobo lusetyenziselwa ukubala ukusebenza kwenqwelomoya kunye nokucwangciswa kwendiza ephezulu.
Ukuyifumanisa, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya babeka i-altimeter yabo kwi-intshi ye-29.92 ye-mercury, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric. I-altimeter ke ibonisa ukuphakama, okubonisa inqanaba lenqwelomoya ngokumalunga ne-SDP.
Nangona uhlobo loxinzelelo lunganikeli umlinganiselo wokwenyani womphakamo wenqwelomoya ngaphezu komhlaba okanye inqanaba lolwandle, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba inqwelomoya izakusebenza njani phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zomoya. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwinqwelomoya ephezulu, apho uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric luphambuka kakhulu kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo.
Uhlobo loxinaniso
Olu hlobo luthiyori lubonisa ukusebenza kwenqwelomoya kwiimeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo. Kuchongwa ngokulungisa ukuphakama koxinzelelo kwiinguqu ezingezona eziqhelekileyo zeqondo lokushisa.
Kwinqwelo-moya, indlela esebenza ngayo inqwelo-moya ichatshazelwa kakhulu kukuxinana komoya, okutshintsha ngokuphakama, ubushushu nokufuma. Njengoko ubuninzi bomoya buyancipha, ukuphakama kwenqwelomoya nokusebenza kwe-injini kuyancipha, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukunduluka nokunyuka.
Ngokubala uhlobo lokuxinana, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokuqikelela ukuba inqwelo-moya yabo iya kusebenza njani phantsi kweemeko ezikhoyo ngoku. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwiinyanga ezishushu zasehlotyeni okanye kwizikhululo zeenqwelo moya eziphakamileyo, apho ubuninzi bomoya bunokuba ngaphantsi kakhulu kuneemeko eziqhelekileyo.
Indlela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abasebenzisa ngayo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya basebenzisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo kulo lonke uhambo lwenqwelomoya. Ngexesha lokunduluka kunye nokumisa, baxhomekeke kuhlobo olupheleleyo ukwazi ubude bazo obuchanekileyo ngaphezulu komhlaba. Ukukhangela nokulandela imiyalelo yolawulo lwendlela yokuhamba emoyeni, basebenzisa uhlobo oluyinyaniso nolubonakalisiweyo. Kwaye ukucwangcisa inqwelomoya kunye nokulindela ukusebenza kwenqwelomoya yabo, basebenzisa uxinzelelo kunye nohlobo lokuxinana.
Ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nendlela yokuzisebenzisa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoqeqesho lomqhubi wenqwelomoya. Ibancedisa ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenqwelo-moya zabo, kwaye ibavumela ukuba baqhelane nokutshintsha kweemeko zomoya.
Indima yayo kuKhuseleko lwezoPhapho
Umphakamo udlala indima ebalulekileyo kukhuseleko lweenqwelomoya. Ngokuziqonda nangendlela echanileyo ezi ntlobo-ntlobo zeenqwelo-moya, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokuyiphepha imiqobo, balandele iindlela abazimisele ukubhabha ngazo, baze bagcine imigama ekhuselekileyo kwezinye iinqwelo-moya.
Abalawuli bezithuthi zomoya kananjalo bathembele kakhulu kubo ekulawuleni indawo yomoya. Ngokwabela amanqanaba okubhabha ahlukeneyo kwiinqwelomoya ezahlukeneyo, zinokuthintela ukungqubana komoya phakathi kwaye ziqinisekise ukuhamba okufanelekileyo kweenqwelomoya.
Ngaphaya koko, ukuyiqonda kukwabalulekile kuyilo nokugcinwa kwenqwelomoya. Iinjineli kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo iziphumo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeenqwelomoya, ezinjengeenjini, inkqubo yoxinzelelo, kunye nomphezulu we-aerodynamic. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba inqwelomoya inokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo.
isiphelo
Umphakamo yingcamango entsonkothileyo kwinqwelomoya enemigangatho eyahlukeneyo. Ichaphazela yonke inkalo yokusebenza kwenqwelomoya, ukusuka ekusebenzeni kwenqwelomoya kunye nokuhamba ukuya kulawulo lokuhamba emoyeni kunye nokhuseleko. Ngokuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo - ngokupheleleyo, yinyaniso, ebonakalisiweyo, uxinzelelo, kunye nokuphakama kobuninzi - abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, abalawuli bezithuthi zomoya, kunye neenjineli banokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenqwelomoya ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo.
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