ⓘ TL;DR
- Inkqubo yokubala iinombolo zendlela yeenqwelo moya isekelwe kwisihloko semagnethi esahlulwe ngeshumi kwaye sijikelezwe kwinani elipheleleyo elikufutshane. Isihloko se-092° siba yi-Runway 09.
- Indlela enye yokubaleka ineenombolo ezimbini kuba isiphelo ngasinye simele iintloko zemagnethi ezihambelanayo ezahluka ngeedigri ezili-180, ezifana no-09 no-27.
- Amanani eendlela zokuhamba ngeenqwelo-moya ayatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa ye-magnetic north drift, nto leyo edinga ukuba izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya zihlaziye imiqondiso, iitshathi, kunye needathabheyisi zokuhamba.
- Oonobumba abanjengo-L, u-C, kunye no-R bahlula iindlela zokuhamba ngeenqwelo-moya ezihambelanayo kwindlela yokuqhuba umqhubi wenqwelo-moya, kungekhona kwindlela yokujonga imephu.
- Amanani eendlela zokuhamba ziileyibhile ezibonisa indlela eya kwicala elithile kuphela. Azibonisi ubude bendlela yokuhamba, ububanzi, okanye amandla esakhiwo.
Isiqulatho
Eli nqaku alizukuchaza inkqubo yokubala iinombolo zendlela yokumisa inqwelo moya ngokukuxelela ukuba kulula kakhulu, lize likushiye usazi ezinye. Liza kukubonisa ngqo indlela loo manani abekwa ngayo, isizathu sokuba indlela yokumisa inqwelo moya inokuba yi-9 kunye ne-27, kunye nokuba kwenzeka ntoni xa uMhlaba ngokwawo ugqiba ekubeni uwatshintshe.
Ukudideka okumalunga namanani eendlela zokubaleka kuyaqondakala. Zibonakala zingenanjongo, ingakumbi xa ubona indlela yokubaleka iphawulwe ngo-9 kwelinye icala kunye no-27 kwelinye. Ivakala ngathi yikhowudi, hayi inkqubo. Kodwa yinkqubo, kwaye yakhelwe kumgaqo omnye ohambelanayo: isihloko semagnethi.
Apha uza kufunda indlela ethile yokucinga esekwe ngayo inombolo nganye yendlela, inkqubo yenyathelo ngenyathelo yokuzinika, kunye nesizathu sokwenyani sokuba ziphinde zinikwe iinombolo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ekugqibeleni, uza kujonga nayiphi na indlela yendlela uze wazi ukuba ithetha ukuthini na inombolo.
Ingqiqo Engasemva Kwenombolo Yonke Yokuhamba Kwendlela
Inombolo yendlela yokuhamba ngenqwelo moya linani elipheleleyo elikufutshane nesinye kwishumi se-azimuth yemagnethi yomgca ophakathi wendlela yokuhamba ngenqwelo moya, elinganiswa ngokwewotshi ukusuka emantla emagnethi. Inombolo yokugqibela ikhutshwa kwi-azimuth, ngoko ke intloko ye-092 degrees iba yi-runway 09. Eli nani linye lixelela umqhubi wenqwelo moya indlela eqikelelweyo aza kubhabha ngayo xa ukufika okanye ukukhwela ukusuka apho.
Le nkqubo ayiqondwa kakuhle kuba inani elikwicala elinye libonakala lichasene nenani elikwicala elinye. I-runway enenombolo engu-09 kumda omnye iya kuba nenombolo engu-27 kumda owahlukileyo. Oku akuyompazamo okanye ukudibana nje, kukubuyelana kwesihloko sokuqala, esibalwa ngokudibanisa okanye ukuthabatha iidigri ezili-180. Inani liyatshintsha kuba indlela eya kuyo iyatshintsha.
The Incwadi Yolwazi Lweenqwelo-moya ye-FAA ibhala phantsi lo mgangatho, iqinisekisa ukuba umqhubi ngamnye ufunda inani elifanayo nokuba uphi na kwindawo yesikhululo seenqwelo-moya. Ukuchaneka kubaluleke kakhulu xa kungabonakali kakuhle okanye kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya ezingaziwayo, apho inqanaba elinye lokungahambi kakuhle kunokuthetha umahluko phakathi kwendlela ezinzileyo kunye nendlela yokulungisa.
Ukuqonda ingqiqo kususa imfihlakalo. Ngexesha elizayo xa inani lendlela libonakala lingacwangciswanga, ukubala kulula: yahlula isihloko semagnethi ngeshumi, ujikeleze uye kwinani elipheleleyo elikufutshane, uze ulahle u-zero. Inkqubo ilula kunokuba ibonakala.
Oko Kuthethwa YiRunway 9 kunye ne-27 Ngokwenene
Ukudideka malunga ne-runway 9 kunye ne-27 phantse kuqhelekile phakathi kwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya abatsha kunye nabahambi abanomdla. Kubonakala ngathi kukho ukuphikisana, amanani amabini akhomba kwicala elichaseneyo kumda omnye wendlela. Impazamo kukuphatha amanani njengeelebheli kunokuba abe yiloo nto ayiyo: izihloko ezithile ezitshintshayo kuxhomekeke ekubeni ubhabha uye ngakweliphi icala.
Ngaphambi:
Umkhweli ujonga ngefestile aze abone indlela yeenqwelo moya 9 kwelinye icala kunye nendlela yeenqwelo moya 27 kwelinye icala. Amanani abonakala ejikile, phantse engacwangciswanga. Oku kukhokelela kwingcinga yokuba inkqubo ayingqinelani okanye ukuba umntu othile wenze impazamo yokubhala ilebheli.
Emva:
Indlela yeenqwelo-moya 09 ithetha ukuba isiphelo sendlela silungelelaniswe malunga nama-90 degrees ikhampasi iphakame ngama-degrees angama-360, ibheke empuma. Isiphelo esichaseneyo, indlela yeenqwelo moya engama-27, sikhomba kwiidigri ezingama-270, ibheke entshona. Indlela yeenqwelo moya efanayo inamanani amabini kuba icala ngalinye lokusondela linereferensi yalo yemagnethi.
Oku akuyonto ingaqhelekanga. Yindlela yonke eqondakala ngayo le nkqubo. Inani lixelela umqhubi wenqwelo moya ukuba makakhombe impumlo yakhe ngqo ngaphambi kokuba amavili aphume emhlabeni.
Indlela Amanani E-Runway Anikwa Ngayo Inyathelo Ngenyathelo
Inkqubo yokwabela umsebenzi ayisiyonto ingaqondakaliyo. Uninzi lweengcaciso luyayitsiba inyathelo elibalulekileyo lokujikelezisa ngokuchanekileyo, apho ingqiqo yenkqubo inqakraza okanye ingaphumeleli kumfundi omtsha. Le nkqubo ilandela amanyathelo amahlanu alula aguqula ikhampasi ibe ngamanani apeyintwe kwindlela yokuhamba.
Inyathelo 1. Linganisa i-azimuth yemagnethi yomgca ophakathi wendlela yokubaleka ukusuka kwicala elisondela kulo umqhubi wenqwelomoya. Le yindawo yokuqala yokwenyani, hayi indlela ebekwe ngayo indlela yokubaleka kwimephu. Umlinganiselo uvela kwikhampasi ehambelana nomntla wemagnethi, hayi umntla wenyani.
Inyathelo 2. Yahlula loo azimuth nge-10 uze ujikeleze uye kwinani elipheleleyo elikufutshane. I-bearing ye-092 degrees iba yi-9.2, ejikeleza iye kwi-9. I-bearing ye-176 degrees iba yi-17.6, ejikeleza iye kwi-18. I-rounding linyathelo elidala isiphumo esicocekileyo samanani amabini.
Inyathelo 3. Lahla u-zero wokugqibela ukuba isiphumo sinombolo ezimbini, okanye wongeze u-zero okhokelayo ukuba isiphumo sinombolo enye. Inani 9 liba ngu-09. Inani 18 lihlala li-18. Yingakho ungaze ubone inombolo ye-runway enenombolo enye engena-zero okhokelayo, ngumgaqo wokufomatha oqinisekisa ukuhambelana kuyo yonke into umzobo kunye netshathi yesikhululo seenqwelo-moya.
Inyathelo 4. Nika inani elilinganayo kwelinye icala. Yongeza i-180 kwinani lokuqala, okanye uthabathe i-180 ukuba inani lokuqala likhulu kune-180. Indlela ye-Runway 09 ifumana indlela ye-runway 27 kwelinye icala. Indlela ye-Runway 18 ifumana indlela ye-runway 36. Amanani amabini ahlala efikelela kwi-36, oluyinguqulelo yenani elipheleleyo le-360 degrees.
Inyathelo 5. Yongeza oonobumba u-L, u-C, okanye u-R xa kukho iindlela zokuhamba ezihambelanayo. Eli nyathelo lisebenza kuphela kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya ezineendlela zokuhamba ezininzi ezibhekisa kwicala elinye. Isikhokelo seZiko lePilot isebenzisa umzekelo we-092 degrees eba yi-runway 09, ebonisa inkqubo epheleleyo ukusuka kwi-bearing ukuya kwileyibhile yokugqibela.
Ukugqiba la manyathelo kuvelisa inombolo yendlela yokuqhuba iinqwelomoya enokuthi nawuphi na umqhubi wenqwelomoya naphi na ayitolike ngoko nangoko. Le nkqubo isusa ukungaqondakali kwimeko apho ukungaqondakali kunokuba yintlekele.
Kutheni Iindlela Zokuhamba Ziba Neenombolo Ezintsha Ngokuhamba Kwexesha
Inombolo yendlela yokuqhuba epeyintwe kwi-asphalt ayihlali ihleli. Iyatshintsha kuba amandla emagnethi oMhlaba ngumsinga ohamba kancinci, ohamba phantsi kwenkqubo yeenqwelo moya yonke, kwaye amanani kufuneka ayilandele.
Imagnethi yasentla ishukuma ngesantya esiguquguqukayo ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo. Kwiminyaka okanye amashumi eminyaka, i-magnetic azimuth yomgca ophakathi wendlela yokubaleka inokutshintsha ngamadigri aliqela. Xa olo tshintsho lutyhala intloko ngaphaya komda ojikelezayo, malunga nesiqingatha phakathi kwamanani amabini, indlela yokubaleka ifumana igama elitsha.
Esi asisosiganeko singaqhelekanga. Izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya kwihlabathi liphela ziye zatshintsha amanani eendlela zokubaleka kweenqwelo-moya njengoko amandla emagnethi ehamba, nto leyo enyanzelisa uhlaziyo kwiipleyiti ezisondelayo, imiqondiso yeteksi, kunye needathabheyisi ezifakwe kwiinkqubo zolawulo lokubhabha kweenqwelo-moya nganye.
Inkqubo yokutshintsha iinombolo ngumsebenzi wokulungiselela ochaphazela yonke inxalenye yokusebenza kwesikhululo seenqwelo-moya. Imiqondiso kufuneka itshintshwe. Iitshathi ezipapashwe ziingcali zeenqwelo-moya kufuneka zihlaziywe. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka baziswe ngeesetyhula ezisemthethweni. inkqubo yokuchonga iindlela zeenqwelo moya inxulumene ngqo nolawulo lwenqwelo-moya, ngoko ke utshintsho luchaphazela yonke inkqubo yokwazisa ngaphambi kohambo lwenqwelo-moya kunye nayo yonke inkqubo yesixhobo. Utshintsho lwenani elinye lunokufuna iinyanga zokulungelelanisa.
Okwenza oku kube luncedo ukwazi kukuba le nkqubo ayitshintshi. Amanani abonakala ngathi azinzile kwaye anegunya namhlanje achanekile kuphela ngeli xesha xa amandla emagnethi eshukuma kancinci. Ngomso, asenokuba aphelelwe lixesha.
Oko Kuthethwa Ngoonobumba u-L, u-C, no-R
Iindlela zokuhamba ngeenqwelo moya ezihambelanayo ziyaphula ingqiqo ecocekileyo yenkqubo yokubala iinombolo zeendlela zokuhamba ngeenqwelo moya, yiyo loo nto oonobumba u-L, u-C, no-R bekho. Ngaphandle kwazo, umqhubi wenqwelo moya ovunyelweyo ukuba afike kwindlela yokuhamba ngeenqwelo moya 15 kwisikhululo seenqwelo moya esinemigca emithathu ehambelanayo ebengenakwazi ukuba yeyiphi ajonge kuyo. Oonobumba basombulula loo ngxaki ngokunika indawo ethile malunga necala eliya kuyo.
- L yendlela yeenqwelo moya ekhohlo ehambelanayo
- C yendlela yeenqwelo-moya ephakathi ehambelanayo
- R yendlela yeenqwelo moya echanekileyo ehambelanayo
- Inikwe xa ijongene necala eliya kwicala
- Isetyenziswa kuphela xa iindlela zeenqwelo moya ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zabelana ngenani elifanayo
- Ayizizo zonke izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya ezinazo zonke ezi nobumba zintathu
- Oonobumba badityaniswa ngqo kwinani, akukho sithuba
Indawo ebekwe kuyo isoloko imiselwa ngokwembono yomqhubi wenqwelo moya malunga nendlela yokugqibela, kungekhona ngokwembono yemephu. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-15L kunye ne-15R ziphikisana kwisipili kwicala ngalinye lendlela efanayo, oko kukuthi i-15L ukusuka kwelinye icala iba yi-33R ukusuka kwelinye.
khangela Ingeniso yeWikipedia kwindlela yeenqwelo moya ukumisela indibano epheleleyo. Emva koko khangela umzobo wesikhululo seenqwelo-moya sakho sendawo uze ubone ukuba zeziphi iindlela zokuhamba ngeenqwelo-moya ezihambelanayo eziphethe oonobumba, umzekelo uyacaca wakuba uyazi into omawuyijonge.
Iingcamango Ezingachanekanga Eziqhelekileyo Malunga Namanani Eenqwelo-moya
Intsomi engapheliyo malunga namanani eenqwelo moya kukuba anikwa ngokungacwangciswanga, ngokungathi umqhubi wesikhululo seenqwelo moya ukhupha inani kwisigqoko. Le nkolelo iyaqhubeka kuba amanani abonakala engacwangciswanga kubakhweli ababona u-09 kwelinye icala kunye no-27 kwelinye icala ngaphandle kokuqonda isiseko sesihloko semagnethi. Inyani kukuba inani ngalinye lilandela ubalo olungqongqo olungashiyi ndawo yokuqikelela.
Enye impazamo eqhelekileyo kukuthatha ukuba inani libonisa ubude bendlela yokubaleka. Indlela yokubaleka enegama elithi 15 ayiziinyawo ezili-1,500 ubude, kwaye indlela yokubaleka engama-22 ayiziinyawo ezingama-2,200. Inani alinanto yakwenza nomgama, lileyibhile nje ebhekisela kwicala elivela kwi-magnetic azimuth yomgca ophakathi.
Abanye abahambi bayazibuza ukuba kutheni umzila weenqwelo moya u-00 ungaveli. Impendulo ilula: isihloko se-000 degrees singaba semantla, esijikeleza siye kwi-360 degrees, kungekhona i-zero. Le nkqubo isebenzisa ama-36 kweso sihloko, kwaye amanani anenombolo enye ahlala efumana i-zero ekhokelayo, umthetho obhalwe kwi imigangatho yoyilo lwendlela yomoya ezilawula iinqwelomoya zehlabathi.
Mhlawumbi eyona mpazamo iyingozi kukuba zombini iziphelo zendlela yeenqwelo moya zabelana ngenani elifanayo. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya olindele indlela yeenqwelo moya 09 xa esondela ocinga ukuba icala elichaseneyo nalo lingu-09, naye ebeya kuba uphosisa nge-180 degrees. Inani elilinganayo likho ngokuchanekileyo ukuthintela oko kudideka, linika yonke indlela uphawu lwayo olwahlukileyo.
Oku kungaqondani kubalulekile kuba kuyayiphelisa intembelo kwinkqubo eyenzelwe ukucaca ngokupheleleyo. Xa umqhubi wenqwelo moya okanye umkhweli evuma ukuba amanani acwangciswanga, uyayeka ukukhangela ingqiqo egcina yonke indlela ikhuselekile.
Indlela Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abasebenzisa ngayo iiNombolo zeRunway xa besenza umsebenzi
Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abazikhumbuli iinombolo zeenqwelo moya njengezinto ezingenamsebenzi. Bazisebenzisa njengesixhobo esiphambili sokuqinisekisa ukuba basondela kwindlela efanelekileyo yeenqwelo moya, ingakumbi kwizikhululo zeenqwelo moya ezixakekileyo apho iindlela ezininzi zeenqwelo moya zikhomba kwicala elahlukileyo kwaye umda wempazamo u-zero.
Umqhubi wenqwelo moya osondela ekugqibeleni ujonga inombolo epeyintwe kumda ochaziweyo kulawulo lweenqwelo moya. Elo nani linye, elibonakala ngaphezulu kwekhilomitha ukusuka apha, liqinisekisa ukuba inqwelo moya ihambelana nomphezulu ochanekileyo. Kwisikhululo seenqwelo moya esifana neChicago O'Hare esineendlela ezisibhozo zokubaleka, olu qinisekiso olubonakalayo alunakuzikhethela, luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoluhlu lokufika.
Inombolo ikwasebenza njengesishwankathelo sonxibelelwano. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya akatsho ukuba "usondela kwindlela yeenqwelo moya ekhomba empuma." Bathi "usuliwe ukuba ufike kwindawo yeenqwelo moya 09." Loo lebheli inamadijithi amabini iqulethe lonke ulwazi olufunekayo ukuze umlawuli akwazi ukulandela ithrafikhi kwaye umqhubi wenqwelo moya ahlale enolwazi ngemeko ngaphandle kokungacaci.
Amanani avela kwimizobo yesikhululo seenqwelo-moya, kwiipleyiti zendlela, nakwiinkqubo zezixhobo. Itshathi nganye umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ayibhekisayo ngexesha lokuhla ibandakanya inombolo yendlela yokukhwela inqwelo-moya njengophawu oluphambili. Xa umqhubi wenqwelo-moya echaza indlela eya kuyo, inombolo yendlela yokukhwela inqwelo-moya lulwazi lokuqala abaluqinisekisayo ngokuchasene nemozulu, icala lomoya, kunye nendlela yokukhwela inqwelo-moya esebenzayo kwindawo oya kuyo.
Le nkqubo isebenza kuba inani alisoloko lingaqondakali. Yinguqulelo ethe ngqo yesihloko semagnethi ibe yileyibhile efundwa yiyo yonke inqwelo moya, umlawuli, kunye nabasebenzi bomhlaba ngendlela efanayo. Oko kuvumelana yikona okwenza inkqubo ingabonakali xa isebenza kwaye ingabi nakuphoswa xa ingasebenzi.
Ngexesha Elizayo Xa Ubona Amanani E-Runway, Uya Kukwazi
Inkqubo yokubala iinombolo zendlela yeenqwelo moya ayisayi kuba yimfihlakalo xa uqhagamshela inombolo nganye kwisihloko semagnethi. Ukujonga nje umda wendlela yeenqwelo moya ngoku kukuxelela ukuba ujonge kweliphi icala, u-09 uthetha empuma, u-27 uthetha entshona, kwaye onke amanye amanani alandela ingqiqo efanayo yekhampasi ngaphandle kokukhetha.
Olo lwazi lutshintsha indlela ofunda ngayo umzobo wesikhululo seenqwelo-moya okanye umamele umnxeba werediyo womqhubi wenqwelo-moya. Awusaboni amanani angacwangciswanga apeyintwe kwi-asphalt. Ubona isalathiso esichanekileyo sokuhamba ngenqanawa esisebenza ngendlela efanayo kuzo zonke izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya emhlabeni, ukusuka kumda omncinci wengingqi ukuya kwiziko elikhulu lamazwe ngamazwe.
Khangela amanani eenqwelo moya kwisikhululo seenqwelo moya sakho ngomso. Zisebenzisele ukubala. Khetha inombolo, uphindaphinde ngeshumi, uze uyifumane isikhokelo kwikhampasi. Inkqubo iya kuba nengqiqo ngalo lonke ixesha.
Imibuzo Eqhelekileyo Malunga Neenkqubo Zokubala Iinombolo Zendlela Yokuhamba Kweenqwelo-moya
Inombolo yendlela yokubaleka ibaleka injani?
Inombolo yendlela yokubaleka ifunyanwa kwisihloko semagnethi somgca ophakathi wendlela yokubaleka, esilinganiswa ngokwewotshi ukusuka kumntla wemagnethi, sahlulwe ngeshumi, saze sajikeleziswa kwinani elipheleleyo elikufutshane. Indlela yokubaleka enesihloko semagnethi esingu-092° iba yiRunway 09, ngelixa intloko engu-274° iba yiRunway 27.
Ithetha ukuthini inombolo 9 kunye nenombolo 27 kwindlela yeenqwelo moya?
Amanani amabini akwindlela yeenqwelo moya amele amacala achaseneyo okuhamba: Indlela yeenqwelo moya 09 ijonge empuma kwi-090° magnetic, kwaye indlela yeenqwelo moya 27 ijonge entshona kwi-270° magnetic. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abafika kwi-Runway 09 baya empuma, ngelixa abo bafika kwi-Runway 27 besiya entshona, nangona amanani ebonakala eguqulwe kwi-compass rose.
Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba indlela yeenqwelo-moya itshintshiwe?
Xa imagnethi yasentla ishukuma ngokwaneleyo ukutshintsha i-magnetic heading ye-runway ubuncinane ngeedigri ezintlanu, igunya lesikhululo seenqwelo-moya liyayitshintsha inombolo ye-runway ukuze ibonise i-heading entsha. Oku kubangela uhlaziyo kuzo zonke iitshathi zokuhamba, iinkqubo zendlela yokusebenzisa izixhobo, imiqondiso, kunye neenkcazo zabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, kwaye abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abaye bangena kweso sikhululo seenqwelo-moya kangangeminyaka kufuneka baqeqeshe kwakhona imephu yabo yengqondo yebala.
Ithini ikhowudi 1 2 3 4 yeendlela zokubaleka?
Ikhowudi 1-2-3-4 ibhekisa kwiKhowudi yeNgxelo yeSikhululo seenqwelo-moya (i-ARC), echaza iindlela zokuhamba ngeenqwelo-moya ngobukhulu nangesantya seenqwelo-moya ezinokungena kuzo, kungekhona ngenkqubo yokubala iindlela zokuhamba ngeenqwelo-moya. Iindidi ze-ARC ziqala ku-A ukuya ku-E ngesantya sokusondela kweenqwelo-moya, kunye namanani amaRoma ukusuka ku-I ukuya ku-VI ngamaphiko kunye nomkhondo wamavili, nto leyo echaza ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zeenqwelo-moya ezivumelekileyo ukusebenza kuloo ndlela yokuhamba ngeenqwelo-moya.
