Indlela yokufumana ilayisenisi yokuqhuba inqwelo moya eCalifornia: Isikhokelo seNyathelo ngeNyathelo

Inkqubo yokufumana ilayisenisi yokuqhuba eCalifornia ibonakala ilula ephepheni. Inyani ibandakanya ukuhamba ngenkqubo ye-FAA engayiboniyo uninzi lwezikhokelo.

Eyona nto yahlulayo ayikuko ukuba leliphi isikolo seenqwelo-moya esinabaqeqeshi abanobubele okanye iinqanawa ezilungileyo. Kukuqonda iimfuno ze-FAA ezilandelelanayo kunye nokucwangcisa inyathelo ngalinye ngaphambi kokuchitha idola kuqeqesho.

Eli nqaku likubonisa indlela yokufumana ilayisenisi yokuqhuba eCalifornia ngokugxila kwinkqubo emisela iziphumo. Uza kufunda izinto ezifunekayo, ulandelelwano loqeqesho, isango lezonyango, kunye nezigqibo ezahlula indlela egudileyo kwenye egcwele ukulibaziseka. Uninzi lwabaqondisi bezikolo zokuqhuba ngenqwelo moya eCalifornia bangcwaba le nyaniso phantsi kobuxhakaxhaka bendawo. I-FAA ayikhathali ukuba yeyiphi isikhululo seenqwelo moya esinekofu engcono okanye indlela ebukekayo.

Okufunekayo Ngaphambi Kokuqala Uqeqesho Lweenqwelo-moya

Uninzi lwabantu abafuna ukwazi indlela yokufumana ilayisenisi yokuqhuba eCalifornia baqala ngokujonga iinqwelomoya kunye nezikhululo zeenqwelo moya. Inyathelo lokuqala elikrelekrele libandakanya iofisi kagqirha kunye nephepha elivela kwi-FAA. Isatifikethi sezonyango siza ngaphambi koqeqesho lokubhabha, hayi emva koko.

I-FAA ifuna ukuba ube neminyaka eli-17 ubudala, uthethe isiNgesi kakuhle, kwaye ube nesatifikethi somfundi sokuqhuba inqwelo moya kunye nesatifikethi sezonyango seklasi yesithathu. Ungaqala ukuthatha izifundo ngaphandle kwesatifikethi somfundi sokuqhuba inqwelo moya. Awunakuqhuba inqwelo moya wedwa ngaphandle kwaso.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenziwa ngumvavanyi wezonyango ogunyazisiweyo yi-FAA. Uvavanyo lwezonyango olukumgangatho wesithathu lolona luncinci kwilayisenisi yokuqhuba yabucala. Ukuba unemeko yokungafaneleki, kukho inkqubo ekhethekileyo yokukhupha, kodwa kuthatha ixesha.

Ukufumana unyango kuqala kukhusela isipaji sakho. Ukufumanisa imeko yokungafaneleki emva kokuchitha amawaka ezifundo yimpazamo ekungekho mntu uyifumanayo. Isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelomoya somfundi we-FAA Inkqubo ilula kodwa ifuna unyango njengemfuneko. Qala ngonyango. Yonke enye into ilandela eso sigqibo sinye.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lukwanyanzela incoko ephephelwa ngabaninzi abanqwenela ukuqhuba abaqhubi beenqwelo moya. Ngaba unengxaki eyenza ukuba ukuhamba ngenqwelo moya kube yingozi? I-FAA inoluhlu. Uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya aluze lufunde de bahlale kwisitulo somhloli.

Olu luhlu luquka izinto ezifana nesifo seswekile esifuna i-insulin, iimeko ezithile zentliziyo, kunye nokuxilongwa kwempilo yengqondo ethile. Ezinye azifaneleki. Ezinye zifuna ukukhutshwa okukhethekileyo okuthatha iinyanga ukucutshungulwa. Ukwazi oku ngaphambi kokuba uchithe imali kwinqwelo-moya yokufumanisa kutshintsha lonke ixesha lakho.

Isatifikethi sezonyango se-FAA: Isango lakho lokuqala

Ukufumana isatifikethi sezonyango ngaphambi kokuchitha isenti kuqeqesho lokubhabha yeyona nto ikrelekrele kakhulu umqhubi wenqwelo moya anokuyenza. I-FAA ifuna ukuba wonke umqhubi wenqwelo moya abe nesatifikethi sezonyango esisemthethweni, kwaye le nkqubo ingatyhila imiba enokubangela ukuba umsebenzi wakhe uqalise. Kukho iindidi ezintathu zesatifikethi sezonyango. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya wabucala ufuna unyango lweklasi yesithathu, ukhetho oluncinci.

Kutheni Unyango Luza Kuqala?

Imali echithwe kwizifundo zenqwelomoya ngaphambi kokuba undwendwele ugqirha isengozini. Ukungavunyelwa kwezonyango kuthetha ukuba ezo yure zigciniweyo azikho ndawo. Uvavanyo ngokwalo lulula. Umvavanyi wezonyango wenqwelomoya ogunyazisiweyo yi-FAA ujongana nokuhlolwa kwamehlo, ukuva, kunye nempilo ngokubanzi.

Oko Kuqulethwe Luvavanyo

Umvavanyi ujonga imigangatho yokubona, engama-20/40 okanye ngaphezulu kwiliso ngalinye, elungele ukulungiswa ukuya kuma-20/20. Umbono wombala uyavavanywa. Ukuva kufuneka kwanele kunxibelelwano lwerediyo. Uphononongo lwembali yezonyango lisango lokwenyani. Iimeko ezifana nesifo seswekile, iingxaki zentliziyo, okanye ukuxilongwa kwempilo yengqondo ethile kufuna uhlolisiso olunzulu.

Xa Impendulo IngenguHayi

Imeko yokungafaneleki ayiphelisi ngokuzenzekelayo indlela yomqhubi wenqwelo moya. I-FAA inikezela ngenkqubo ekhethekileyo yokukhupha ilayisenisi kwiimeko ezininzi. Oku kufuna amaxwebhu ongezelelweyo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo. Kuthatha ixesha, kodwa kugcina ucango luvulekile.

Ukufumana unyango kuqala kukhusela isipaji kunye nexesha elibekiweyo. Umfundi ofumanisa imeko yokungafaneleki emva kweenyanga zoqeqesho ujongene nobunzima bokubuyela kwimeko yakhe yangaphambili kunalowo ufunda ngaphambi kwesifundo sokuqala.

Inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwesikolo esikhethekileyo ayikhawulezi. Ezinye iimeko zithatha iinyanga ukuphononongwa. Umfundi oqala uqeqesho ngelixa elindile usengozini yokulahlekelwa lixesha kunye nemali ukuba i-FAA ithi hayi. I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy icebisa abafundi ukuba bagqibezele izifundo zonyango ngaphambi kokuba bacwangcise isifundo esinye. Ingqiqo ilula: unyango olucociweyo lususa into enkulu engaziwayo kwixesha loqeqesho.

Indlela yokufumana ilayisenisi yokuqhuba inqwelo moya eCalifornia: Amanyathelo oQeqesho

Indlela eya kwilayisenisi yokuqhuba eCalifornia ilandela ulandelelwano olungayithatheli ngqalelo uninzi lwabafaki-zicelo. Amanyathelo ngokwawo alula, kodwa ukutsiba umyalelo okanye ukukhawulezisa elinye kudala ukulibaziseka okuhlanganisa iinyanga.

Inyathelo 1. Khetha isikolo sokubhabha ngaphambi kokuba wenze nantoni na. Isigqibo phakathi kweCandelo 61 kunye Icandelo 141 uqeqesho lubumba lonke ixesha lakho kunye nolwakhiwo lweendleko. Isikolo esifana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy esisebenza phantsi kweCandelo 141 sikunika isilabhasi ecwangcisiweyo kunye negunya lokuzihlola elisusa umqobo wokuhlela umvavanyi wangaphandle.

Inyathelo 2. Fumana isatifikethi sakho somqhubi wenqwelo moya somfundi kunye nesatifikethi sezonyango seklasi yesithathu. Ungafaka isicelo sesatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelo moya somfundi ngenkqubo ye-FAA's Integrated Airman Certification and Rating Application (IACRA) kwi-intanethi. Ngaphandle kwezi, awunakusebenzisa inqwelo moya wedwa.

Inyathelo 3. Qala imiyalelo emibini nomqeqeshi wendiza oqinisekisiweyo. Eli nqanaba ligubungela iindlela ezisisiseko zokuhamba, ukusuka, ukufika, kunye neenkqubo ezingxamisekileyo de umqeqeshi wakho akunike imvume yokuba ubhabhe wedwa. Isigaba sangaphambi kokuba ubhabhe wedwa sidla ngokuthatha iiyure ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-25 zexesha lokubhabha.

Inyathelo 4. Iimfuno ezipheleleyo zoqeqesho lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kunye nokubhabha ebusuku. Uza kucwangcisa kwaye ubhabhe wedwa uhambo lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya oluziimayile ezingama-50 ubuncinane, kunye nohambo olude oluziimayile ezili-150 zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya oluneendawo zokufika kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezintathu ezahlukeneyo.

Inyathelo 5. Uphumelele uvavanyo lolwazi lwe-FAA, uvavanyo olunemibuzo engama-60 olunokukhethwa kuyo, oluquka i-aerodynamics, imozulu, imigaqo, kunye nokuhambahamba. Kufuneka amanqaku, kwaye uninzi lwabafundi lulungiselela ngekhosi yesikolo samabanga aphantsi ekwi-intanethi. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa kwiziko lovavanyo lwekhompyutha elivunyiweyo yi-FAA.

Inyathelo 6. Phumelela uvavanyo olusebenzayo, olwaziwa ngokuba yi-checkride, kunye nomvavanyi wenqwelo moya otyunjwe yi-FAA. I-checkride inamacandelo amabini: uvavanyo lomlomo olulandelwa luvavanyo lokubhabha olubonisa yonke intshukumo kwi isilabhasi yoqeqesho lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya zabucalaIzikolo ezinegunya lokuzihlola, njengeFlorida Flyers Flight Academy, zinokwenza olu vavanyo ngaphakathi, nto leyo ephelisa ukulinda umvavanyi wangaphandle kangangeeveki ezininzi.

Ukugqiba la manyathelo mathandathu kukunika isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelomoya wabucala esinomgangatho womhlaba wenqwelomoya onenjini enye. Eso satifikethi sikuvumela ukuba uthwale abakhweli, ubhabhe unqumla ilizwe, kwaye usebenze kwizikhululo zeenqwelo moya ezininzi eMelika. Le nkqubo ifuna ukuhambelana okungaphezulu kunetalente.

Icandelo 61 vs Icandelo 141: Yeyiphi Indlela Yoqeqesho Efanela Wena

Ukukhetha phakathi koqeqesho lweCandelo 61 kunye neCandelo 141 akubhekiselele ekubeni yeyiphi engcono, kodwa kuxhomekeke ekubeni yeyiphi ehambelana neenjongo zakho kunye nendlela ofunda ngayo ngcono.

Icandelo 61 likunika ukuguquguquka. Uqeqesha nomqeqeshi wenqwelomoya oqinisekisiweyo ngesantya sakho, ngaphandle kwesilabhasi okanye ixesha elimiselweyo. Iiyure ezimbalwa zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ziphezulu, kodwa ishedyuli ijika ubomi bakho. Le ndlela ifanele abantu abathanda izinto zokuzonwabisa kunye nabo bafuna ukufunda ngaphandle koxinzelelo.

ICandelo 141 lilandela isilabhasi evunyiweyo yi-FAA. Zonke izifundo, umgudu, kunye nokuhlolwa kwesigaba kumiselwe kwangaphambili. Ulwakhiwo luqinile, kodwa iiyure ezimbalwa zokubhabha ziphantsi. Le ndlela ifanele abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abafuna indlela ecacileyo nesebenzayo yokubhabha ngenqwelomoya.

Umahluko wokwenyani yindlela indlela nganye ephatha ngayo i-checkride. Phantsi kweCandelo 141, izikolo ezinegunya lokuzihlola zinokuqhuba uvavanyo olusebenzayo ngaphakathi. Oko kuphelisa ukulinda umvavanyi we-FAA. Phantsi kweCandelo 61, ucwangcisa nomvavanyi wovavanyo otyunjiweyo, onokungeza iiveki kuluhlu lwexesha.

Kwabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abanomdla kumsebenzi wabo, iCandelo 141 elinegunya lokuzihlola lelona ndlela ikhawulezayo. I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy isebenza phantsi kweCandelo 141 kwaye yenza uhlolo ngaphakathi endlwini, nto leyo esusa ukulinda komvavanyi ngokupheleleyo. Kumntu othanda ukubhabha ukuze azonwabise, iCandelo 61 linika inkululeko yokufunda ngaphandle kweshedyuli eqinileyo. Icandelo 141 vs iSigaba 61 Isigqibo sixhomekeke kumbuzo omnye: ngaba ufuna ulwakhiwo okanye inkululeko? Phendula loo nto ngokunyaniseka, kwaye indlela iya kuzikhethela.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana ilayisenisi yakho

Ubuncinane beeyure zokubhabha ezingama-40 ze-FAA linani eliqikelelwayo eliphantse lingabikho mntu ulifikelelayo. Uninzi lwabaviwa abazimeleyo eCalifornia babhalisa phakathi kweeyure ezingama-60 ukuya kuma-75 ngaphambi kokuba balungele uhambo lokuhamba. Loo msantsa phakathi kobuncinci kunye nenyaniso kulapho ixesha lokwenyani lihlala khona.

Imozulu eCalifornia iluncedo kakhulu. Uninzi lweendawo zibonelela ngeemeko zokubhabha ezingaphezu kweentsuku ezingama-300 ngonyaka, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kuncinci ukurhoxiswa kweenqwelo moya kunye noqeqesho oluqhubekayo. Umfundi obhabha kabini ngeveki eMzantsi California uya kuqhubeka ngokukhawuleza kunomntu oseMidwest olahlekelwa ziiveki ngenxa yemozulu yasebusika.

Ukufumaneka kwabafundi yeyona nto ingaqhelekanga abantu abaninzi abayihoyayo. Indlela ekhawulezayo yokufumana ilayisenisi yeyomntu ofika rhoqo, afunde phakathi kwezifundo, aze afike ekulungele. Umfundi obhabha kathathu ngeveki unokugqiba uqeqesho kwiinyanga ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6. Umntu obhabha kube kanye ngeveki uya kwandisa loo nto ukuya kunyaka nangaphezulu.

Ukufumaneka kootitshala kunye neenqwelo-moya nako kubalulekile. Izikolo ezixakekileyo ezinemfuno ephezulu zinokubangela izikhewu zokucwangcisa eziya kongeza iiveki kwi ixesha lelayisenisi yokuqhuba umqhubi wabucalaIzikolo ezifana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy ezibonelela ngeenkqubo ezikhawulezayo nezigcina iinqanawa ezinkulu zinciphisa loo misantsa kakhulu.

Ukulungela imali kumisela ukuba ixesha liyahlala okanye liyaphela. Uqeqesho oluma iinyanga ezintathu ngelixa umfundi egcina imali kwisiqingatha seeyure ezilandelayo lulahlekelwa ngamandla kwaye lufuna ukuqhelana kwakhona neenqwelo-moya ezibizayo. Abafundi abagqiba ngokukhawuleza ngabo babeka phambili uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwabo.

Ubuncinane beeyure ezingama-40 yinjongo ekungekho mntu ufanele ayicebe. Umbuzo wokwenene kukuba ungazibophelela na kwishedyuli, imozulu, kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali olufunekayo kwixesha elifanelekileyo.

Oko Kugutyungelwa Luvavanyo Lolwazi lwe-FAA

Uvavanyo lolwazi kulapho uninzi lwabafakizicelo lufumanisa khona umsantsa phakathi kokwazi ukubhabha nokupasa uviwo olubhaliweyo. Uvavanyo alulinganisi isakhono sokubambelela nokujika. Lulinganisa ukuba ungacinga njani ngendlela i-FAA ecinga ngayo ngokhuseleko, iinkqubo kunye nokwenza izigqibo.

Isikolo samabanga aphantsi sikulungiselela olu tshintsho. Iikhosi ezikwi-intanethi zisebenza kakuhle kwabo baqalayo. Iiklasi zobuqu zibonelela ngesakhiwo kwabo bafuna ishedyuli ukuze bahlale benoxanduva. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela iyasebenza ukuba uzibophelele ekuqondeni izinto endaweni yokukhumbula iimpendulo.

• I-Aerodynamics. Ukuphakamisa, ukurhuqa, kunye namandla amane agcina inqwelo moya emoyeni.
• Iinkqubo zeenqwelo-moya. Iinjini, iinkqubo zombane, kunye noko kwenzekayo xa into ingaphumeleli.
• Izixhobo zokubhabha. Indlela ezisebenza ngayo izixhobo ze-pitot-static kunye ne-gyroscopic kunye noko zikuxelela kona.
• Imigaqo ye-FAA. Imithetho yeCandelo 91 elawula lonke uhambo oluya kulwenza njengomqhubi wenqwelo moya wabucala.
• Imozulu. Ukufunda ii-METAR, ii-TAF, nokuqonda indlela iipateni zemozulu ezichaphazela ngayo ukhuseleko lokubhabha.
• Ukuhambahamba. Ukusebenzisa i-pilotage, ukubala okungapheliyo, kunye nee-VOR ukuze ufike kwindawo A ukuya kwindawo B.
• Ukucwangciswa kweendawo ezahlukeneyo. Ukubala ukutshiswa kwepetroli, ixesha elithathwayo endleleni, kunye nezinye izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya.
• Izinto ezibangela abantu. Indlela ukudinwa, uxinzelelo, kunye neempazamo zokwenza izigqibo ezikhokelela ngayo kwiingozi.

Uvavanyo lunemibuzo engamashumi amathandathu okukhetha kuyo iimpendulo ezininzi. Inqaku eliphumelelayo lingamashumi asixhenxe ekhulwini. Oko kuvakala ngathi kuyaxolela de uqonde ukuba imibuzo ibhalwe ukuze kuvavanywe ukuqonda, kungekhona ukukhumbula.. Umbuzo malunga nemozulu ungachaza imeko ethile uze ubuze ukuba umqhubi wenqwelo moya ufanele enze ntoni emva koko, akukho mpendulo ingqalileyo kuyo nayiphi na incwadi yesifundo.

Ukulungiselela okukrelekrele kakhulu kukuthatha iimvavanyo zokuziqhelanisa phantsi kweemeko ezicwangcisiweyo. Yenza loo nto ude ufumane amanqaku angaphezu kwamashumi asibhozo ekhulwini rhoqo. Emva koko cwangcisa uvavanyo lokwenyani. Uvavanyo lolwazi aluphelelwa iminyaka emibini, ngoko ke ukupasa kwangethuba kususa utshintsho olunye kuluhlu lwexesha loqeqesho.

Ukukhetha iSikolo sokuHamba ngeNqwelomoya eCalifornia

ICalifornia inezikolo zokubhabha ezininzi kunanoma yiliphi elinye ilizwe, kodwa uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya abanengxaki yokupasa uhambo lwabo lokuhlola okokuqala. Umahluko phakathi kwesikolo esikulungiselelayo nesikolo esiqokelela imali yakho uphantsi kwezinto ezintathu: ukugcinwa kweenqwelo-moya, ukujika kwabafundisi, kunye nokuhanjiswa kweenqwelo-moya.

Isikolo esinerekhodi yokugcinwa kakuhle kunye noluhlu lwabahlohli oluzinzileyo kufanelekile ukuhlawula iprimiyamu yaso. Hamba ngenyawo. Jonga inqwelo-moya. Ukuba ipeyinti iyaxobuka kwaye amatayara anombala omdaka, inkcubeko yokugcinwa kwayo ibuthathaka.

Thetha nabafundi abathathu abakhoyo ngoku ngaphandle kokuba umnini wesikolo ekhona. Buza ukuba abafundisi-ntsapho babo bebenexesha elingakanani apho. Ukutshintsha kwenani labafundi kuthetha ukuba uza kuchitha izifundo uqesha ootitshala abatsha endaweni yokwakha izakhono.

The ILayisensi yokuLinga yaBucala sesona siqinisekiso sidumileyo esifumanekayo, kwaye izikolo zikhuphisana nzima ngeshishini lakho. Loo khuphiswano ludala umgibe.. Izikolo ezibonelela ngexabiso eliphantsi leyure zihlala zinciphisa iindleko kwiishedyuli zokugcinwa okanye zihlawule abafundisi-ntsapho imali encinci kangangokuba zishiya imali encinci kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu. Isikolo esingabizi kakhulu sibiza ngaphezulu ekuhambeni kwexesha ngezifundo eziphindaphindiweyo kunye nokuqhuba ixesha elide.

Igunya elizihlolayo litshintsha ngokupheleleyo i-checkride equation. I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy inale mvumelwano, nto leyo ethetha ukuba abavavanyi bayo benza uvavanyo olusebenzayo kwindawo leyo. Akukho veki zokulinda ukuba umvavanyi wenqwelo moya otyunjwe yi-FAA afumaneke. Akukho hambo oluya kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya esingaziqhelanga ukuze kuhlolwe uhambo. Isikolo silawula ishedyuli ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni.

Ndwendwela ngaphambi kokuba uzibophelele. Jonga iirekhodi zokugcinwa. Buza malunga nexesha eliqhelekileyo lokuba ngutitshala. Isikolo esiphumeleleyo kwezi vavanyo siya kukunika uqeqesho ngokukhawuleza kuneso sinewebhusayithi ecwebezelayo.

Esinye isikolo saseCalifornia sithengisa i-$99 ngeyure iCessna 172. Elo xabiso liyanyamalala xa uqwalasela inkcazo-ntetho yemizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuba uhambo luhambe, isikolo esiyihlawulisa ngokwahlukeneyo. Ixabiso lokwenyani ngeyure lifikelela kwi-$180.

Inyathelo Lakho Lokuqala Eliya Kwi-Cockpit

Indlela eya kwilayisenisi yokuqhuba eCalifornia ayinzima. Inkqubo ye-FAA yeyona ngxaki, kwaye ukuyiqonda ngaphambi kokuba uchithe idola kuqeqesho kutshintsha yonke into.

Ukulibaziseka konke kule nkqubo kubuyela kwisigqibo esinye esenziwe emva kwexesha. Isatifikethi sezonyango seso sigqibo. Sicwangcise ngoku, kwaye yonke inkqubo yoqeqesho iyavuleka ngaphandle kwengxaki ekulindileyo kwiinyanga ezintathu ukususela ngoku.

Fowunela umvavanyi wezonyango weenqwelo moya ogunyazisiweyo yi-FAA kule veki. Bhukisha idinga. Phumelela uviwo. Emva koko khetha isikolo sakho uze uqale ukubhabha uqinisekile ukuba akukho nto iya kukuthintela ukusondela emnyango wekhabhathi.