Intshayelelo yeCrosswind Landing
Ukuhlalisa iCrosswind sisakhono esibalulekileyo kuye nawuphi na umqhubi wenqwelomoya. Njengoko igama libonisa, kubandakanya ukumisa inqwelomoya ngelixa umoya uvuthuza kumgaqo weenqwelo-moya ukusuka macala omabini, kunokuba uhle ngobude bomgaqo weenqwelo-moya. Lucelomngeni kwaye luhlala lukhathaza umba wokubhabha, kodwa kufuneka wonke umqhubi wenqwelo-moya awazi kakuhle.
Igama elithi 'i-crosswind landing' linokwenza umdyarho wentliziyo womqhubi wenqwelo-moya, ingakumbi ukuba usaqala ukubhabha. Ithathwa njengowona mba ucela umngeni wokulinga, ofuna inqanaba eliphezulu lobuchule, ukuchaneka, kunye nokugweba. Nangona kunjalo, ngolwazi oluchanekileyo, ukuziqhelanisa, kunye nobuchule, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokubufeza obu buchule kwaye bahlale ngokukhuselekileyo phantsi kweemeko zokuwela umoya.
Eli nqaku lijolise ekunikezeni isikhokelo sokugqibela kwiCrosswind Landing kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya. Ichaza izinto ezisisiseko, ukubaluleka kokuyilawula kakuhle, izinto eziyiphembelelayo, kunye nobuchule bokuyenza igqibelele. Ikwabonelela ngeengcebiso kunye namaqhinga, iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo, kunye noqeqesho lokuwela i-crosswind, kunye nendima yokulinganisa ekufundeni obu buchule buyimfuneko.
Ukuqonda iSiseko
Ngaphambi kokuntywila kubunzima bokuwela i-crosswind, kubalulekile ukuqonda iziseko. Xa inqwelomoya isima, ifanele ikwenze oko ijonge ngqo emoyeni. Oku kunciphisa isantya somhlaba kwaye ngoko ke, ubude bomgaqo weenqwelo-moya ofunekayo xa ufika. Noko ke, umoya awusoloko usebenzisana, yaye abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya badla ngokuzifumana besehla kwimimoya enqumlayo.
Phantsi kweemeko zomoya onqumlayo, inqwelo-moya ixhomekeke ekukhukulisekeni emacaleni okubangelwa ngumoya. Oku kukhukuliseka kunokuyityhala inqwelomoya isuke kumgca osembindini womgaqo weenqwelo-moya, yenze ukuba ukuhla kube yingozi. Ukunqanda oku kutyibilika, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya basebenzisa indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-'crabbing' okanye 'sideslip.'
Ukuloba kubandakanya ukulungelelanisa impumlo yenqwelo-moya kwicala oya ngakulo umoya ngelixa ugcina indlela yenqwelomoya ilungelelaniswe nomgaqo weenqwelo-moya. I-Sideslip, kwelinye icala, kulapho inqwelomoya ithekele khona emoyeni ukuze ithintele ukukhukuliseka. Obu buchule bunokuba ngumceli mngeni ukubuqonda kakuhle, kodwa bubalulekile ekufikeni okuyimpumelelo kokuwela umoya.
Ukubaluleka kokuPhatha iCrosswind Landing kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya
Ukukwazi ukukhwela inqwelomoya kubalulekile kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya. Ayibobuchule obufunekayo ekuphumeleleni iimviwo zokulinga okanye abahlohli abachukumisayo; yimfuneko yokubhabha kwehlabathi lokwenyani. Nokuba ubhabha phi na umqhubi wenqwelomoya, kusenokwenzeka ukuba adibane nemimoya enqumlayo ngaxa lithile. Ukukwazi ukuhlala ngokukhuselekileyo kwezi meko ngumba osisiseko wokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya.
Ukufika kwenqwelomoya engenasiphako kumela ukuqonda komqhubi wenqwelomoya kunye nolawulo lwenqwelomoya. Bubungqina bokukwazi kwabo ukulawula iimeko ezinzima, ukuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kweemeko zemozulu, kunye nokwenza izigwebo ezichanekileyo. Kwakhona kongezelela kwintembelo yabo, kubanceda bahlangabezane nengcinezelo kwiimeko ezinzima.
Ngaphaya koko, ukugqwesa ukuwela kwi-crosswind kunegalelo kukhuseleko lokubhabha lulonke. Indlela engalunganga okanye ubuchule bunokukhokelela kuhambo lwendlela yeenqwelo-moya okanye, kwimeko embi kakhulu, iingozi. Ngoko ke, ukuba nobuchule ekukhweleni iinqwelo-moya ezinqumlayo abukho nje ngokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya onobuchule kodwa kukwaqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabakhweli nabasebenzi.
Izinto eziPhembelela iCrosswind Landing
Izinto ezininzi zinokuphembelela ukuwela ulwandle. Oku kuquka isantya somoya nendlela eya ngakulo, uhlobo lwenqwelo-moya, imeko yendlela yeenqwelo-moya, nobuchule namava omqhubi wenqwelo-moya. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kunokunceda abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya balindele imingeni baze bathabathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo.
Isantya somoya kunye nendlela ohamba ngayo zezona zinto zibalulekileyo. Okukhona umoya onqumlayo womelele, kokukhona ucela umngeni wokumisa. Kukwabalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba umkhombandlela womoya unokutshintsha ngexesha lokusondela, kufuna umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ahlengahlengise ngokufanelekileyo.
Nohlobo lwenqwelo-moya lunendima ebalulekileyo. Iinqwelomoya ezinkulu, ezinzima ziqhele ukuzinza kwaye azichatshazelwa kangako yimimoya enqumlayo xa kuthelekiswa nezincinci, zikhaphukhaphu. Nangona kunjalo, zikwafuna iindlela zeenqwelo-moya ezinde kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokuma, esinokongeza kumceli mngeni.
Iimeko zendlela yokubaleka, njengemigangatho emanzi okanye enomkhenkce, inokwenza ukuwela imimoya enqumlayo kube nzima nangakumbi. Okokugqibela, ubuchule namava omqhubi wenqwelo-moya anempembelelo enkulu ekumiseni kwakhe. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abanamava ngakumbi kunokwenzeka ukuba baziphathe ngcono ii-crosswinds ngenxa yolwazi lwabo, izakhono kunye nokuzithemba.
Ubuchwephesha bokuGqibezela ukuHlaliswa kweCrosswind
Ukugqwesa ukugaleleka kwe-crosswind kubandakanya ukuqonda iindlela ezimbini eziphambili: indlela yoononkala kunye nendlela yokutyibilika emacaleni. Zombini ezi ndlela zineengenelo zazo kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokusekwe kwimeko kunye nokhetho lomqhubi wenqwelomoya.
Indlela yoononkala ibandakanya ukulungelelanisa impumlo yenqwelo-moya nomoya ngelixa ugcina indlela ihambelana nomgaqo weenqwelo-moya. Olu buchule luhlala lusetyenziswa ngexesha lokuqala kwendlela. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi nje kokucofa, umqhubi wenqwelo-moya kufuneka 'ayisuse' inqwelo-moya, ayilungelelanise ukuze ihlale phantsi.
Indlela esecaleni ibandakanya ukuthambekela kwenqwelomoya emoyeni ukuze imelane nokukhukuliswa. Iphiko elijikelezayo liyathotywa, kuze kufakwe umphini ochaseneyo ukuze inqwelo-moya ihlale ilungelelene nomgaqo weenqwelo-moya. Obu buchule bunzima ngakumbi ukubugcina kodwa buvumela inqwelo-moya ukuba ichukumise kumavili ayo anyukayo, inika ulawulo olungakumbi.
Ngaphandle kokuba nobuchule obungakumbi, ukwenza ukuba inqwelo-moya ihambe kakuhle kukwafuna ukuqonda imida yenqwelo-moya, ukusebenzisa ingqiqo, nokugcina ulawulo nokuchaneka kuyo yonke indawo ekumisa kuyo.
Iingcebiso kunye namaqhinga okuHlala
Kukho iingcebiso ezininzi kunye namaqhinga anokunceda abaqhubi beenqwelomoya bafezekise indawo yabo yokuwela i-crosswind. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kukuhlala ulungele ukuhamba-hamba. Ukuba indlela yokusondela ayivakali ilungile, okanye umoya onqumlayo womelele kakhulu, kungcono ukunqanda ukumisa uze uzame kwakhona.
Elinye icebiso kukuhlala phambi kwenqwelomoya. Oku kuthetha ukulindela into eza kwenziwa yinqwelo-moya kunye nokwenza izilungiso ngaphambi kokuba kube yimfuneko. Kukwathetha ukuqaphela iimeko zomoya kunye nokulungelelanisa indlela kunye nobuchule bokumisa ngokufanelekileyo.
Elinye iqhinga eliqhelekileyo kukongeza isuntswana lesantya esongezelelweyo kwindlela. Oku kubonelela ngesithinteli ngokuchasene nokwehla ngequbuliso kwisantya somoya, okunokubangela ukuba inqwelomoya iwe. Noko ke, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bafanele balumke bangongezi isantya esiphezulu, njengoko oku kunokwenza kube nzima ukumisa.
Okokugqibela, ukuziqhelanisa ngundoqo. Okukhona umqhubi wenqwelo-moya eziqhelanisa nokumisa kwindawo enqumlayo, kokukhona bekhululeka kwaye benobuchule obungakumbi. Oku kuquka ukuziqhelanisa neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenqwelo-moya naphantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zomoya.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kwiCrosswind Landing
Njengaso nasiphi na isakhono esintsonkothileyo, kukho iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abazenzayo xa besenza i-crosswind landings. Enye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ayikusebenzisi ngokwaneleyo i-rudder. Iphini lokujika libalulekile ekulawuleni i-yaw yenqwelomoya kwaye uyigcine ingqamene nomgaqo weenqwelo-moya. Ukungasebenzisi ngokwaneleyo kunokubangela ukuba inqwelo-moya imke isuke kumgca ophakathi.
Enye impazamo eqhelekileyo kukungalungisi i amaphiko ngexesha lomlilo. Njengoko inqwelo-moya icotha, ii-ailerons ziye zingasebenzi kakuhle. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka banyuse igalelo labo ukugcina inqwelo-moya izinzile.
Ukusilela ukwenza i-go-round xa kuyimfuneko yenye impazamo eqhelekileyo. Abanye abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya baye bayeke ukuzicingela ukuba bangene endleleni baze bazame ukunyanzelisa ukumisa, naxa iimeko zingahambi kakuhle. Oku kunokukhokelela kwimeko eyingozi kwaye kunokuba yingozi. Khumbula, akukho ntloni ekusebenzeni ngokujikeleza. Ukhuseleko kufuneka lusoloko luphambili.
Uqeqesho lweCrosswind Landing
Uqeqesho lubalulekile ukuze ukwazi ukuwela ulwandle. Oku kubandakanya uqeqesho lwasemhlabeni, uqeqesho lokubhabha, kunye noqeqesho lwe-simulator. Uqeqesho oluphantsi lubandakanya ukufunda ithiyori, ukuqonda i-aerodynamics, nokufunda iimpawu zenqwelomoya kunye nemida.
Uqeqesho lokubhabha lubandakanya ukuqhelisela ubuchule kwinqwelomoya phantsi kweliso lomqeqeshi. Oku kuvumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba basebenzise oko bakufundileyo baze bafumane namava okusebenza. Kubalulekile ukuziqhelanisa neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenqwelomoya naphantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zomoya ukuze ube nobuchule.
Uqeqesho lokulinganisa lukwaluncedo. Ibonelela ngemeko-bume ekhuselekileyo apho abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokuziqhelanisa nokuma kwindawo enqumlayo ngaphandle kwemingcipheko enxulumene nokubhabha ngokwenene. Ikwavumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba babe namava eemeko ezahlukeneyo, ezinjengokusilela kwe-injini okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo, nto leyo enokuthi yongeze kumceli mngeni wokuwela i-crosswind.
Indima yokulinganisa ekuFundeni
Ukulinganisa kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekufundeni ukuwela ulwandle. Iisimulators zinokuphinda-phinda iimeko ezahlukeneyo zomoya kunye neemeko, zinika abaqhubi beenqwelomoya iqonga elingenamngcipheko lokuziqhelanisa kunye nokufezekisa izakhono zabo. Banikezela ngengxelo yexesha langempela, okwenza abaqhubi baqonde iimpazamo zabo kwaye baphucule ubuchule babo.
Izifanisi zikwavumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba baziqhelanise nokuma kwindawo enqumlayo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeenqwelomoya. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya abatshintshela kwiinqwelomoya ezinkulu, eziziphatha ngokwahlukileyo kwiimimoya ezinqamlezayo xa kuthelekiswa nezincinci.
Ngaphezu koko, uqeqesho lokulinganisa lunokwenziwa nangaliphi na ixesha, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimeko zemozulu ngaphandle. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bangaziqhelanisa nokuwela imimoya enqumlayo rhoqo kangangoko befuna, nto leyo ebenza babe nobuchule ngakumbi kwaye bazithembe.
isiphelo
Ukukwazi ukukhwela inqwelomoya sisakhono esibalulekileyo kuye nawuphi na umqhubi wenqwelomoya. Ifuna ukuqonda iziseko, ukwazi izinto eziyiphembelelayo, kunye nokugqibelela ubuchule. Kukwabandakanya ukufunda kwiimpazamo, ukuziqhelanisa rhoqo, nokusebenzisa uqeqesho lokulinganisa ukuphucula izakhono nokuzithemba.
Ukuhlalisa inqwelomoya ayikokumisa inqwelomoya ngokukhuselekileyo. Imalunga nokubonisa ulawulo, ukugweba, kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Imalunga nokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya onesakhono, ozithembileyo, nonoxanduva, ozibophelele ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwabakhweli nabasebenzi. Ke, nokuba ungumqhubi wenqwelomoya omtsha okanye unamava, soloko uzama ukugqibelelisa izakhono zakho zokumisa i-crosswind. Khumbula, kwinqwelomoya, ukufunda akupheli!
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