Umhlahlandlela Wesitifiketi Sezokwelapha se-FAA Sabashayeli Bezindiza Abasebenza Ngomsebenzi

Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuhlulekile kungamisa uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa kwendiza oluhlelwe kahle ngaphambi kokuba isifundo sokuqala siqale. Lo mhlahlandlela wesitifiketi sezokwelapha se-FAA unikeza abashayeli bezindiza abangochwepheshe indawo ecacile yokuqala: yazi ukuthi yiliphi ikilasi olidingayo, uqedele inqubo kusenesikhathi, futhi ubhekane nomlando wezokwelapha ngokwethembeka ngaphambi kokutshala imali eningi ohlelweni lomsebenzi.

Kubashayeli bezindiza abaqeqeshwayo emisebenzini yezentengiselwano neyezindiza, i-FAA yezokwelapha akuwona umsebenzi omncane wokuphatha. Kuyimfuneko eqhubekayo yokufaneleka. Izitifiketi zakho, izilinganiso, amahora okundiza, kanye nokuhlolwa kwamabhanoyi kwakha iziqu zobungcweti, kodwa isitifiketi sakho sezokwelapha sinquma ukuthi ungawasebenzisa yini amalungelo enza lezo ziqu zibe yigugu.

Umhlahlandlela Wesitifiketi Sezokwelapha se-FAA: Khetha Ikilasi Elifanele

I-FAA ikhipha izigaba ezintathu zesitifiketi sezokwelapha. Esifanele sincike emalungelweni okundiza ohlose ukuwasebenzisa manje kanye nomsebenzi ohlela ukuwuphishekela.

Isitifiketi sezokwelapha sesigaba sesithathu siyimfuneko ejwayelekile yabashayeli bezindiza abafundi, abashayeli bezindiza bezokuzijabulisa, kanye nabashayeli bezindiza abazimele abasebenza njengomshayeli wendiza ophethe. Uma uqala ngeSitifiketi Somshayeli Wendiza Ozimele, isigaba sesithathu yisona siqalo esincane. Sikuvumela ukuthi uqeqeshe, wedwa, futhi uqedele amalungelo okushayela angasese, uma uhlangabezana nazo zonke ezinye izidingo ze-FAA.

Isitifiketi sezokwelapha sesigaba sesibili siyadingeka ukuze usebenzise amalungelo okushayela izindiza kwezentengiselwano. Uma umgomo wakho ukhokhelwa ngokundiza, njengokuhlola emoyeni, umsebenzi wokuqasha, imisebenzi yenkampani, noma umsebenzi wokuqala wezindiza kwezentengiselwano, isigaba sesibili yisona silinganiso esiphansi esisebenzayo. Abafundi abaningi abagxile emisebenzini bathola ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwesigaba sokuqala kusukela ekuqaleni esikhundleni sokulinda. Leso sinqumo sibanikeza impendulo kusenesikhathi mayelana nokufaneleka kwezindiza futhi sivimbela ukumangala okufike sekwephuzile ngemva kokuqeda ukuqeqeshwa kwezentengiselwano kanye nokufundisa.

Kudingeka isitifiketi sezokwelapha sekilasi lokuqala uma usebenzisa amalungelo e-Airline Transport Pilot. Abashayeli bezindiza abasebenza ngaphansi kweNgxenye 121 badinga isitifiketi sezokwelapha sekilasi lokuqala samanje. Futhi iyithuluzi lokuhlola kusenesikhathi eliqine kakhulu kunoma ubani onomgomo wokuba yinkampani yezindiza yesifunda, inkampani yezindiza enkulu, inkampani yezimpahla, noma umsebenzi wobungcweti wedekhi yendiza.

Kumfundi ozimisele kakhulu endaweni yendiza, ikilasi lokuqala livame ukuba yisinyathelo esihlakaniphile. Kungase kube nzima kakhulu kunalokho okudingwa yisitifiketi sakho samanje, kodwa kuhlola izinga ozogcina udinge ukulihlangabezana nalo. Ukuthola kusenesikhathi kukunikeza izinketho. Ukuthola ngemuva kokuthi usuzinikele isikhathi nemali ekuqeqeshweni okuthuthukisiwe kungadala ingcindezi engagwenywa.

Yazi ukuthi Ukwelashwa Kwakho Kuhlala Isikhathi Eside Kangakanani Kusebenza

Isikhathi sesitifiketi sezokwelapha siyashintsha ngokwekilasi, iminyaka, kanye namalungelo asetshenziswayo. Isitifiketi asiphelelwa yisikhathi ngosuku lokuhlolwa kwakho. Ukusebenza kwe-FAA kulinganiswa ezinyangeni zekhalenda, okunganikeza abashayeli bezindiza cishe inyanga eyengeziwe kuye ngosuku lokuhlolwa.

Kwabashayeli bezindiza abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40, isitifiketi sezokwelapha sekilasi lokuqala sisebenza kumalungelo ekilasi lokuqala izinyanga eziyi-12 zekhalenda. Ngemuva kwalokho, singaqhubeka njengodokotela wekilasi lesibili izinyanga eziyi-12 zekhalenda ezengeziwe, bese kuba yisitifiketi sezokwelapha sekilasi lesithathu isikhathi esisele esisebenzayo. Kwabashayeli bezindiza abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu, isitifiketi sekilasi lokuqala sihlala izinyanga eziyisithupha zekhalenda, kanti isitifiketi sekilasi lesibili sihlala izinyanga eziyi-12 zekhalenda.

Amalungelo ekilasi lesithathu ngokuvamile ahlala izinyanga ezingama-60 zekhalenda kubashayeli bezindiza abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 kanye nezinyanga ezingama-24 zekhalenda kubashayeli bezindiza abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu. Lezi zikhathi zibalulekile, kodwa abashayeli bezindiza zomsebenzi kufanele bagweme ukuphatha ukwelashwa okwehlisiwe njengesixazululo sesikhathi eside. Uma uhlelo lwakho lomsebenzi ludinga ukundiza ngendiza, hlela ukuvuselelwa ngaphambi kokuba isikhathi sekilasi lokuqala siphele.

Umthetho osebenzayo ulula: beka usuku lwakho lokuvuselelwa kwezokwelapha ekhalendeni elifanayo olisebenzisela izigaba zokuqeqeshwa kwendiza, izivivinyo zolwazi, ukugibela amabhayisikili, kanye nezinsuku zokugcina zesitifiketi. Abashayeli bezindiza abangochwepheshe baphatha ukuthobela imithetho ngaphambi kokuba kube yinkinga yokusebenza.

Kwenzekani Ekuhlolweni Kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA

Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA kwenziwa yi-Aviation Medical Examiner, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-AME. Ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakho, ugcwalisa isicelo se-FAA MedXPress. Ifomu libuza ngemithi, ukuvakashelwa odokotela, ukulaliswa esibhedlela, ukuxilongwa, amacala ahlobene nezidakamizwa, umlando wempilo yengqondo, kanye nolunye ulwazi lwezokwelapha oluphathelene nokuphepha kwendiza.

Ukunemba kubaluleke kakhulu kunesivinini. Ungaqageli, ungashiyi, noma unciphise ulwazi ngoba ucabanga ukuthi isimo esidlule asibalulekile. I-FAA ingaqhathanisa isicelo sakho namanye amarekhodi, futhi ukushiyiwa kungaba yinkinga yesenzo sesitifiketi ngisho noma isimo esingaphansi kungenzeka ukuthi besilawuleka.

Ngesikhathi sokuqokwa, i-AME izobuyekeza umlando wakho futhi yenze ukuhlolwa okudingekayo. Lindela ukuhlolwa kombono, ukuhlolwa kombala, ukuhlolwa kokuzwa, ukulinganiswa komfutho wegazi, ukuhlolwa komchamo, kanye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba okuvamile. Ububanzi bungahluka ngokuya ngeminyaka yakho, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nesigaba sesitifiketi. Kwabafakizicelo bekilasi lokuqala, kudingeka i-electrocardiogram lapho uneminyaka engu-35 futhi minyaka yonke kusukela eminyakeni engu-40.

Ukuhlolwa okuningi okuvamile kuqedwa ngokuvakasha okukodwa futhi isitifiketi sezokwelapha sikhishwa ngokushesha. Ezinye izicelo zidinga amadokhumenti engeziwe, ukuhlehliswa kwe-FAA, noma ukugunyazwa kokukhishwa okukhethekile. Ukuhlehliswa kwesicelo akukhona ukwenqatshwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kusho ukuthi i-AME idinga i-FAA ukuthi ibukeze icala ngaphambi kokuba isitifiketi sikhishwe.

Izimo Ezingadala Ukulibaziseka

Izindinganiso zezokwelapha zenzelwe ukusebenza kwendiza okuphephile, hhayi ukuphelela. Abashayeli bezindiza abanomlando wezokwelapha bangathola futhi bayasithola isitifiketi. Inkinga iwukuthi ngabe isimo, ukwelashwa, imithi, noma amathuba okukhubazeka kudala ingozi engamukeleki.

Izindawo ezivamile ezifanelwe ukuhlela kusengaphambili zifaka phakathi izimo zenhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, i-sleep apnea, ukuxilongwa kwengqondo, umlando wesifo sokuntuleka kokunaka/ukungasebenzi kahle, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, izimo zemizwa, ukuncika ezidakamizweni, ukukhathazeka ngokubona, kanye nokuhlinzwa okubalulekile. Isenzo se-DUI noma esinye isenzo semoto esihlobene notshwala noma izidakamizwa singase sibangele izibopho zokubika ze-FAA kanye nokubuyekezwa okuseduze.

Indlela engalungile ukulinda kuze kube yilapho uqokwa yi-AME bese uthemba ukuthi imininingwane ngeke ibaluleke. Indlela engcono ukuqoqa amanothi kadokotela afanele, imiphumela yokuhlolwa, uhlu lwemithi, izifinyezo zokwelashwa, kanye nezinsuku ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo. Uma wazi ukuthi unomlando oyinkimbinkimbi, khuluma ne-AME enolwazi ngaphambi kokuthumela i-MedXPress. Ukubonisana okungakahleleki kungakusiza uqonde ukuthi yimaphi amadokhumenti angadingeka nokuthi kufanele yini uphishekele ukwelashwa okuthile noma ukuhlolwa kuqala.

Ungayeki imithi oyinikezwe udokotela ukuze uphumelele ukuhlolwa. Ungazihlolisisi ukuthi uyafaneleka yini kusuka kokuthunyelwe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana noma esithangamini sokuhlola. Inqubomgomo ye-FAA iyashintsha, amaqiniso ngabanye ayahluka, futhi izimo ezithile zingafaneleka ngaphansi kwenqubo yokukhishwa okukhethekile ngisho noma impendulo yokuqala ibonakala idumaza.

Imithi Ibalulekile Njengokuxilongwa

Isimo sezokwelapha singase sibe sizinzile kuyilapho imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ingahambisani nokundiza. Imithi yokudambisa ubuhlungu, imithi ethile yobuhlungu, ezinye izinto ezisiza ukulala, kanye nemithi eminingi ethinta ukwahlulela, ukuhlanganisa, noma ukuphaphama kungenza umshayeli wendiza angafaneleki ukundiza. Imikhiqizo etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela nayo ingabaluleka.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi yonke imithi kadokotela ivimbela isitifiketi. I-FAA ihlola kokubili isimo esiyisisekelo kanye nemiphumela yokwelashwa. Eminye imithi ingamukeleka kanye nemibhalo; eminye ingadinga isikhathi sokulinda, ushintsho ekwelashweni, noma ukubuyekezwa kwe-FAA.

Uma uphuza imithi njalo, letha igama eliqondile lomuthi, umthamo, udokotela okunikeza imithi, isizathu sokusetshenziswa, kanye nosuku lokuqala ukuqokwa kwakho kwe-AME. Impendulo engacacile njengokuthi “into yokukhathazeka” noma “iphilisi lomfutho wegazi” ibambezela inqubo. Amarekhodi ahleliwe asiza i-AME ukuthi yenze isinqumo esinolwazi futhi ikusize uqhubeke nokuqeqeshwa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okuningi.

Isikole Sezokwelapha Esisezingeni Lokuqala Ngaphambi Kokuhamba Ngendiza: Ukunyakaza Komsebenzi Nokuqala

Umfundi angaqala ukuqeqeshwa kokuqala ngokusemthethweni ngaphandle kokuba nesitifiketi sezokwelapha, kodwa ukundiza eyedwa kuyasidinga. Okubaluleke kakhulu, umshayeli wendiza ophishekela umsebenzi wobungcweti akufanele alinde kuze kube yilapho efika esigabeni sezentengiselwano ukuze ahlole ukufaneleka kwesigaba sokuqala.

Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuqeqeshwa okusheshisiwe. Uhlelo oluhlelekile lungasusa umfundi ozinikele ngokushesha ekuqeqeshweni kwabashayeli bezindiza abazimele ngokusebenzisa iziqinisekiso zezinsimbi, ezentengiselwano, zenjini eziningi, kanye nezomfundisi. Uma isikhathi sokuqeqeshwa sishesha, kulapho kuba ncane khona ithuba lokubambezeleka kwezokwelapha okungalindelekile.

E-Florida Flyers Flight Academy, ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzi kwakhelwe phezu kwenqubekela phambili ehlelekile eya ezitifiketi zobungcweti. Ukuqala ngezokwelapha zezinga eliphezulu kusekela leyo nqubekela phambili. Kuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lwezindiza lwakhiwe ngokumelene nendinganiso edingekayo yomsebenzi wezindiza ohlose ukuwuphishekela, hhayi nje uhambo olulandelayo lokuhlola.

Kunezimo ezihlukile. Umfundi onesimo esaziwayo esihlolwa ngokusebenzayo angadinga ukuxazulula leyo nkinga ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo sekilasi lokuqala. Umuntu oqeqeshwa kuphela ukundiza komuntu siqu angakhetha isigaba sesithathu ngokufanele. Kodwa uma umgomo wakho kuwumsebenzi webhizinisi noma wendiza, isitifiketi sokuqala sokuqala ngokuvamile yisinqumo sebhizinisi esiqinile somsebenzi wakho.

I-BasicMed Akuyona Indawo Yomsebenzi Wezindiza

I-BasicMed iyindlela ewusizo kubashayeli bezindiza abafanelekile, kodwa ayithathi indawo yesitifiketi sezokwelapha se-FAA ekuqeqeshweni kobungcweti. Ayisekeli imisebenzi edinga isitifiketi sezokwelapha, futhi ayimfanelekeli umshayeli wendiza ukusebenzisa amalungelo ezentengiselwano noma e-ATP.

Lowo mehluko ulula: I-BasicMed ingaba usizo ezindizeni ezithile zangasese, kuyilapho i-FAA yezokwelapha yesigaba sesibili noma sokuqala iyindlela yabashayeli bezindiza abaphishekela imisebenzi yokundiza ekhokhelwayo kanye neyezindiza. Ungakhi uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa kwezentengiselwano oluzungeze amalungelo ongeke ukwazi ukuwasebenzisa ngokomsebenzi.

Lungiselela Umphumela Oqinile Wezokwelapha

Hlela ukwelashwa kwakho kusenesikhathi, khetha i-AME enolwazi olufanele, bese ufika nolwazi oluphelele. Phumula ngokwanele ngaphambi kokuqokwa, phatha amalensi okulungisa uma uwasebenzisa, yazi imininingwane yemithi yakho, futhi ulungele ukuxoxa ngemicimbi yezokwelapha yangaphambilini ngqo.

Isitifiketi sakho sezokwelapha se-FAA asiyona nje into eyenzeka endleleni eya e-cockpit. Singenye yezindinganiso zokuqala zobungcweti ozoziphatha njengomshayeli wendiza. Siphathe kusenesikhathi, siphathe ngokwethembeka, futhi usivumele sisekele uhlelo lokuqeqesha olwakhelwe umsebenzi ofuna ukuwundiza.