Ukuthembeka Kokuthunyelwa Kwezindiza: Idatha ye-DOT/FAA, i-Monte Carlo, kanye ne-Fixes

Ukuthembeka kwephesenti lokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla yingxenye yokuhamba okuhleliwe okuhamba ngesikhathi futhi ngaphandle kokukhansela, okuvame ukulinganiswa ngokumelene Umkhawulo wesikhathi se-DOT/BTS wemizuzu eyi-15Kubalulekile ngoba iphuzu ngalinye lephesenti elilahlekile ngenxa yokulungiswa okungahleliwe noma ukubambezeleka okungalungile kuholela ngqo ezindizeni ezipakiwe, ukuxhumana okuqinile kwabasebenzi, kanye nobuqotho beshejuli obuwohlokile kulo lonke iqembu.

TL; DR:

• Ukwehla kwephesenti elilodwa ekuthembekeni kokuthunyelwa kwendiza ohlelweni lwansuku zonke lwezindiza ezingu-200 kungabangela ukuhamba okuphindwe kabili ngosuku, okuphazamisa ukusebenza.
• Ukungahlelwa kahle kokulibaziseka, ikakhulukazi ukudideka ukwehluleka kobuchwepheshe nezimbangela zokusebenza njengesimo sezulu, kungaphazamisa kakhulu idatha yokuthembeka futhi kuholele esenzweni sokulungisa esingafanele.
• Ukuvumelanisa njalo amakhodi okulibaziseka namalogi obuchwepheshe nokusebenzisa izindlela zokulawula izibalo kubalulekile ekutholeni ngokunembile izinkinga zokuthembeka kwangempela.
• Ukuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kokuthunyelwa kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okunesizotha, ukuxhumana okucacile, kanye nokubuyekezwa kokusebenza okuhlanganyelwe ukuvimbela amaphutha okuhlukanisa nokukhuthaza ulwazi lwedatha phakathi kwabasebenzi.

Okuqukethwe

• Izincazelo kanye nezibalo ze-KPI ngemuva kokuthembeka kokuthunyelwa
• Indlela i-BTS, i-ASPM, kanye nezinhlelo zenkampani ezibika ngayo idatha yokuthunyelwa
• Kungani ukubambezeleka kuhlelwa kabi nokuthi kubiza malini kuwe
• Izindlela zezibalo kanye nokulingisa ezibikezela ukuthembeka
• Lokho ukwehla okuncane kokuthembeka okwenzayo eqenjini lakho
• Izinyathelo ezishukumisa inaliti ekuthembekeni kokuthunyelwa
• Yini ehlukanisa amaqembu athembekile kulabo abawalandela?
• Ukwakha amakhono okusebenza asekela ukuthunyelwa okuthembekile
• Imithombo
• Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izincazelo kanye nezibalo ze-KPI ngemuva kokuthembeka kokuthunyelwa

Ukuthembeka kokuthunyelwa kwephesenti kulinganisa isilinganiso sezindiza ezihleliwe ezihamba ngaphandle kokubambezeleka noma ukukhanselwa okuhlobene nokulungiswa noma ukwenziwa kwemishini. Ukuthembeka kwesimiso sephesenti kubanzi: kuveza ukusebenza ngesikhathi kuzo zonke izimbangela, zobuchwepheshe kanye nezinye, kufaka phakathi imikhawulo yesimo sezulu kanye nethrafikhi yendiza. Izinga le-DOT/BTS lihlukanisa indiza njengelibazisekile uma ifika imizuzu eyi-15 noma ngaphezulu ngemva kohlelo lwayo olushicilelwe, umkhawulo obumba indlela izindiza, i-FAA, kanye nabacwaningi bonke ababika ngayo ukusebenza.

Isibonelo esisebenzayo sicacisa izibalo:

• Umqhubi uhlela ukuhamba okungu-200 ngosuku futhi uqopha ukubambezeleka okungu-4 okubangelwa ukungalingani kokulungiswa.
• Ukuthembeka kokuthunyelwa kwalolo suku kufana no-196 ohlukaniswe ngo-200, noma u-98%.
• Imikhumbi efanayo ingase ibonise ukuthembeka kweshejuli okuphansi uma ukubambezeleka kokulawulwa kwesimo sezulu kanye nezindiza sekufakwe ezimbangela ze-denominator.

Lowo mehluko phakathi kwesilinganiso esincane sobuchwepheshe kanye nesilinganiso esibanzi sokusebenza yilapho kuqala khona ukudideka okukhulu.

Indlela i-BTS, i-ASPM, kanye nezinhlelo zenkampani ezibika ngayo idatha yokuthunyelwa

Abahlaziyi abasebenzisa abantu abadumile bavame ukuqala ngokuthi Idatha yokusebenza kwe-BTS Transtats ngesikhathi, eshicilela izifinyezo zanyanga zonke zamasheya ngesikhathi, izimbangela zokulibaziseka, ukukhansela, kanye nokushintshashintsha nge-DOT Air Travel Consumer Report. Umbiko we-FAA we-ASPM Dispatch and Schedule Reliability Report unezela ubuncane bokusebenza: ukuhamba kwangempela kanye nokufika, ukukhansela, ukushintshashintsha, amaphesenti okuhamba kanye nokufika ngesikhathi esangweni, kanye nokubambezeleka okumaphakathi kwamatekisi kanye namabhulokhi.

Amanothi ambalwa awusizo kunoma ubani odonsa lezi zinombolo ngqo:

• Idatha ye-Transtats ishicilelwa ngokulibaziseka kokubika, ngakho-ke izibalo zenyanga zamanje zingezesikhashana kuze kube yilapho ziqedwa.
• Imikhawulo yokumbozwa kwezinkampani ezithwala izimpahla isho ukuthi opharetha bezifunda abancane bangase bangabi khona ngokwanele ezifinyezweni zikazwelonke.
• Izincazelo zensimu ziyahlukahluka kancane phakathi kwe-ASPM ne-Transtats, ngakho-ke ukubhekisela kokubili ngaphambi kokufinyelela iziphetho kuyasiza.

Idatha kazwelonke ye-BTS ikhombisa ukuthi iningi lezindiza lifika ngesikhathi, ngokubambezeleka kwenkampani yezindiza, izindiza eziphuzile, kanye nokukhanselwa kwezindiza kunikeza isabelo esiphawulekayo semisebenzi ehleliwe. Lokho kusatshalaliswa kuyisikhumbuzo sokuthi ukuthembeka kokuthunyelwa, yize kubusa izingxoxo zokulungisa, kuyingxenye eyodwa kuphela yesithombe sokubambezeleka esilandelwa yi-BTS.

Kungani ukubambezeleka kuhlelwa kabi nokuthi kubiza malini kuwe

Izimbangela zokubambezeleka zivame ukuhlukaniswa zibe ukwehluleka kokulungiswa kobuchwepheshe, amaphutha enjini noma e-APU, ukushoda kwezingxenye, ukutholakala kwabasebenzi, isimo sezulu, kanye nemikhawulo ye-National Airspace System. Inkinga iqala lapho umugqa phakathi kwalezi zigaba ufiphala, ikakhulukazi phakathi kokwehluleka kwangempela kokuthunyelwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokubambezeleka okuvela kwenye indawo kodwa kubhalwa ikhodi njengokulungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo.

• Ukufakwa kwe-logbook yobuchwepheshe okungekho noma okungaphelele kungacindezela ukubambezeleka okubangelwa yiqembu kukholomu yokulungisa, kukhulise amazinga okuhluleka kobuchwepheshe abonakalayo.
• Izikhuthazo zomnyango ngezinye izikhathi zikhetha indlela abasebenzi basemhlabathini ababala ngayo ukubambezeleka, njengoba izilinganiso zokulungisa kanye nezilinganiso zokusebenza zivame ukuba ngamaqembu ahlukene anezinhloso ezahlukene.
• Iphutha elilodwa lenjini elingahlelwanga kahle lingabangela umkhankaso wokuhlola wonke ama-fleet okungazange kube yimfuneko ukubambezeleka kwesimo sezulu okubhalwe kahle.

Ukulungisa lokhu akuyona into yokugcina amabhuku. Kunquma ukuthi isenzo sokulungisa esiqalwa uhlelo lokuthembeka sibhekana nemodi yokwehluleka kwangempela noma silandela eye-phantom.

Ithiphu le-Pro: Hlanganisa amakhodi okulibaziseka kwe-flight ops ngokuqhathanisa nokufakwa kwe-logbook yobuchwepheshe masonto onke kunokuba kube njalo ngenyanga. Amaphutha amancane okuhlukanisa anda ngokushesha uma engalungiswanga umjikelezo wokubika ogcwele.

Izindlela zezibalo kanye nokulingisa ezibikezela ukuthembeka

Onjiniyela bokuthembeka bathembele ebhokisini lamathuluzi elinezingqimba kunefomula eyodwa. Izindlela zokulawula izibalo, ezivame ukwakhiwa ngokusatshalaliswa kwe-Poisson noma amashadi okulawula ukuphambuka okujwayelekile, zikhiqiza amanani okuxwayisa atholakalayo. I-FAA Advisory Circular AC 120-17B ichaza njengomgogodla woHlelo Lokulungisa Ukufaneleka Komoya Okuqhubekayo. Lapho izinga lokwehluleka kwengxenye lidlula inani layo lokuxwayisa, lokho kubonisa ukuphambuka ekusebenzeni okulindelekile futhi kubangele uphenyo, hhayi ukwesaba ngempela.

Ukulingisa iMonte Carlo kwandisa lokhu ngokubonisa izinkulungwane zezimo zokwehluleka okungenzeka kuzo zonke izimoto ukuze kubikezelwe ukutholakala ngaphansi kwamasu ahlukene okulungisa kanye nezinhlelo zokulondoloza, indlela eboniswe ku ukumodela ukuthembeka kokuthunyelwa kwezemfundoEsigabeni sokuklama, onjiniyela basebenzisa indlela yokuklama ukuthembeka kokuthunyelwa kwezinhlelo zezindiza, noma i-ASDRDM, esebenzisa amazinga okwehluleka kwezingxenye kanye nesikhathi esimaphakathi sokulungisa ukuze babikezele ukuthembeka kokuthunyelwa ngaphambi kokuba indiza ingene enkonzweni.

• Izindlela ze-Poisson kanye neshadi lokulawula zibonisa amazinga okuhluleka angajwayelekile ngokwezibalo uma kuqhathaniswa nesisekelo esivikelekile.
• Ukulingisa kweMonte Carlo kubikezela ukutholakala kwezinga lemikhumbi ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene zokulondoloza kanye nokugcinwa.
• I-ASDRDM ibikezela ukuthembeka kokuthunyelwa esigabeni sokuklama isebenzisa idatha yezinga lezinto.
• Ukuthunyelwa kwesikhathi okulinganiselwe, noma i-TLD, kulawula ukuthi amaphutha athile e-FADEC kanye ne-avionics angasathunyelwa kanjani ngaphakathi kwezikhawu ezilawulwayo.

Lokho ukwehla okuncane kokuthembeka okwenzayo eqenjini lakho

Ukwehla kwephesenti elilodwa ekuthembekeni kokuthunyelwa kwendiza ohlelweni lwansuku zonke lwezindiza ezingu-200 kusho ukuthi cishe kuphindwe kabili ngosuku, futhi lezo zindiza azihlali nje zingasebenzi. Zikhipha ochwepheshe bokulungisa emsebenzini ohleliwe, zisunduza abasebenzi abaqalayo emafasiteleni esikhathi esengeziwe, futhi ziphoqa ama-ejenti amasango ukuba aphinde ahlalise abagibeli ezindizeni okwakungafanele ziwadinge.

• Isikhathi sendiza emhlabeni sikhuphuka ngqo ngokulibaziseka ngakunye kobuchwepheshe okungahleliwe, okuqinisa inqwaba yemisila etholakalayo yokujikeleza okulandelayo.
• Ukuhlela ukulungiswa kushintsha kusuka ekuhlolweni okuhleliwe okusebenzayo kuya ekuhlolweni okusebenzayo, okuvame ukwandisa izinkinga zokuthembeka zesikhathi esizayo.
• Imikhawulo yemisebenzi yabasebenzi ingaphoqa ukuthi kube nokuhlelwa kabusha kokubambisana lapho indiza eyodwa idlula isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora ngemuva kwesimiso sayo esishicilelwe.

Ukwehla okuncane kokuthembeka kokuthunyelwa kwezindiza ohlelweni lwezindiza ezingu-200 kungaphinda kabili inani lokuhamba okulahlekile, okwandisa kakhulu ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza yize ushintsho lwamaphesenti lubonakala luncane ephepheni. Umbiko we-ASPM Dispatch and Schedule Reliability Report ulandelela ngqo lolu hlobo lokuwohloka ngokusebenzisa amasimu ayo okulibaziseka kwamatekisi namabhulokhi, yingakho opharetha bebheka lawo manani eduze nephesenti eliyinhloko.

Izinyathelo ezishukumisa inaliti ekuthembekeni kokuthunyelwa

Ukuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kokuthunyelwa akuvamile ukuba yisisombululo esisodwa. Kudinga ukulandelana kwezenzo eziqondisiwe, ezisekelwe ebufakazini eziqinisana phakathi nezikhathi zokubika ezilandelanayo.

1. Setha amanani okuxwayisa usebenzisa izindlela ezizwakalayo ngokwezibalo, usebenzisa uhlaka olujwayelekile lokusebenza ku-FAA AC 120-17B, bese uwalungisa ngokwesikhathi sonyaka kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemikhumbi kunokuzishiya zizinzile.
2. Yenza ukuhlolwa kokuhlanzeka kwedatha okuvamile okuhlanganisa izincwadi zokubhala zobuchwepheshe namakhodi okulibaziseka kokusebenza kwendiza, uvale igebe elikhiqiza izimpawu zokuthembeka ezidukisayo.
3. Sebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwe-Pareto kanye nokuhlaziywa kokuphila kwe-Weibull ukuze ubeke phambili ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwehluleka ezidinga ukunakwa kobunjiniyela.
4. Hlanganisa amaqembu okulungisa kanye ne-supply chain ezingxenyeni ezingase zibangele ukubambezeleka kokuthunyelwa, kunokuphatha ukuphathwa kwezipele njengomsebenzi ohlukile.
5. Sebenzisa isiyalo sohlu lwemishini oluncane kanye nezinqubo zokuthumela ezinqunyelwe isikhathi ngokunembile, njengoba ukusetshenziswa okungaguquki kwanoma yikuphi kuwumthombo ovamile wokulibaziseka kwangempela kanye namaphutha okubika.
6. Gcina izinsizakusebenza zesikhathi esiphuthumayo, okuhlanganisa ukujikeleza okusele kanye nabasebenzi abalindile, abalingana nokusabalalisa ukwehluleka kwangempela kwemikhumbi kunokuba kube yisilinganiso esilinganiselwe.

Ithiphu le-Pro: Dlulisa konke ukwephulwa kwenani lesexwayiso ebhodini elihlangene le-ops kanye nelokubuyekeza ukulungiswa ngaphambi kokuba kube ushintsho lwenqubomgomo. Umnyango owodwa osebenza wodwa uvame ukulungisa i-metric kunokwehluleka okuyisisekelo.

Yini ehlukanisa amaqembu athembekile kulabo abawalandela?

Uhlangothi lobuchwepheshe lokuthembeka kokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi luthola ukunakwa okukhulu, kodwa amakhono athambile nawo abalulekile. Abathumeli kanye nabasebenzi bokusebenza abafunda amasimu e-ASPM kahle, abaqondayo ukuthi ikhodi yokulibaziseka kufanele ifanele kuphi ngempela, futhi abaxhumana ngokucacile phakathi kokulungiswa kanye nokwahlukana kwemisebenzi yokundiza bavimbela ukugudluka kwezigaba okuhlanekezela buthule izinombolo zemikhumbi.

Izinqubo ezihambisanayo zivela ekuqeqeshweni okuqhubekayo, yingakho ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile, kwangaphakathi, uhlobo olusekelwa yimodeli yethu ye-Self Examining Authority kuma-checkrides e-FAA, kubaluleke kakhulu ngale kwegumbi lokuhlolwa. Umkhakha ofanayo okhiqiza umphumela wokuhlola onokwethenjelwa ukhiqiza ukufakwa kwe-logbook okunokwethenjelwa. Izinhlangano ezizimisele ngokuthembeka kufanele zakhe amamojula okuqeqesha asekelwe ezimweni eziphoqa abathumeli ukuba bazijwayeze ukuhlukanisa iphutha lobuchwepheshe langempela kwelokusebenza ngaphambi kokuba lifinyelele embikweni.

Ukwethembeka kuyindlela oqeqesha ngayo abantu, hhayi inombolo oyifunayo kuspredishithi.

— uRainer

Ukwakha amakhono okusebenza asekela ukuthunyelwa okuthembekile

Uma ukuthembeka kokuthunyelwa kwezindiza ekugcineni kubuyela emuva ekutheni abantu bakho bafunda kahle kangakanani idatha, ukubambezeleka kwekhodi, kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kweminyango, imbuyiselo yokuqeqeshwa okuhlelekile iyanda ngokushesha. Uhlelo lwethu lweSikole Sezindiza Zezindiza Ezingaguquki lwakhiwe ngokuhambisana nalolo hlobo lokuqeqeshwa kokusebenza, luhlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa kwendiza kweNgxenye 141 kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-FAA ngaphakathi endlini okugcina abafundi bedlula ezilinganisweni zabo ngesheduli ehleliwe, ebikezelwayo kunokuhlala endaweni yokulinda. Abafundi bangathuthuka besuka kuLayisensi Yomshayeli Ozimele nge-ATP emahoreni angu-111 ngaphansi kwalesi sakhiwo esisheshayo.

Kubafundi abalinganisa indlela ephelele yendiza, i-US Airline Pilot Career Program ihlanganisa indawo efanayo ngenzuzo efanayo yokugibela indiza, kuyilapho ithrekhi yethu ye-Commercial Pilot Part141.55(e) ifanela abashayeli bezindiza abaguqula isitifiketi esikhona. Hlola Uhlelo Lwesikole Sezindiza Zezindiza Ezingaguquki ukuze ubone ukuthi indlela ehlelekile, enezindleko ezingaguquki iqhathaniswa kanjani nokuqeqesha ndawonye wedwa.

Imithombo

• I-ASPM: Izinhlobo Zokubambezeleka (FAA / ASPM)
• Ukusebenza Kwesikhathi Se-BTS (ama-Transtats) — OT_Delay
• I-FAA AC 120-17B: Isiqondiso Sohlelo Lokuthembeka

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ingabe kunzima ukuthola umsebenzi wokuba ngumthumeli wezindiza?

Ukungena ngokuvamile kudinga isitifiketi somthumeli we-FAA kanye nekhono elibonisiwe lokuhlela, isimo sezulu, kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula, okwenza inqubo yokuqinisekisa ibe nzima kakhulu kunenqubo yokuqasha uqobo uma isifanelekile. Abafakizicelo abanolwazi oluqinile lwedatha kanye nokuqeqeshwa kokusebenza bavame ukuhamba ngezinyathelo zokuqasha ngokushesha kunalabo abangenazo izinsiza eziqondile.

Ingabe ukuthunyelwa kwezindiza kuwumsebenzi ocindezelayo?

Umsebenzi wokuthumela uhilela izinqumo zesikhathi sangempela ezithinta ukuphepha kwendiza, ukuhlela uphethiloli, kanye nobuqotho beshejuli, futhi izinsuku zokusebenza ezingajwayelekile zingaletha ingcindezi eqhubekayo. Abathumeli abaqonda izinhlelo zokuhlukanisa kanye nokubika ngemuva kwamakhodi okulibaziseka bavame ukuphatha leyo ngcindezi ngempumelelo kakhulu kunalabo abathembele ekuhluleleni kuphela.

Ingabe kukhona ukushoda kwezindiza ezithumela izindiza?

Amazinga abasebenzi ayahlukahluka ngokwenkampani yezindiza kanye nesifunda, futhi akukho sibalo esisodwa esishicilelwe esisebenza embonini yonke, ngakho-ke lokhu kuqinisekiswa kangcono ngemithombo yamanje yezindiza kanye neyenyunyana. Okuvumelanayo ukuthi isidingo silandela eduze nomthamo wezindiza kanye nokukhula kwemikhumbi.

Ingabe abathumeli bezindiza bathola izindiza zamahhala?

Izinkampani eziningi zenethiwekhi zandisa izinzuzo zokuhamba, okuhlanganisa amanani okulinda noma ancishisiwe, kubathumeli njengengxenye yezinqubomgomo zokuhamba ezijwayelekile zabasebenzi, yize imigomo ethile ihluka ngokwezindiza futhi ayifani embonini yonke. Noma ubani ocabangela umsebenzi kufanele aqinisekise imininingwane yezinzuzo zokuhamba ngqo nenkampani yenethiwekhi eqashayo kunokuba acabangele inqubomgomo yomhlaba wonke.

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