Isingeniso Sokuhluleka Kwenjini Ekusukeni
Igama elithi 'Ukwehluleka Kwenjini Ekusukeni' liyisimo esibi kubashayeli bezindiza emhlabeni wonke. Nokho, isimo abashayeli bezindiza abaqeqeshelwe ukusisingatha futhi asibi kakhulu kunalokho esikuzwakalayo. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukunikeza umhlahlandlela ophelele wabashayeli bezindiza wokuthi bangasabela kanjani ekuhlulekeni kwenjini phakathi nokusuka, ukuhlolisisa ubunkimbinkimbi bezinjini zezindiza, izizathu ezivamile zokwehluleka, kanye nomthelela wokwehluleka okunjalo.
Ezweni lezindiza, ukuphepha njalo kuza kuqala. Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani futhi kanjani ukungasebenzi kwenjini lapho isuka kubalulekile kubashayeli bezindiza kanye nempilo enhle yabagibeli babo. Yilapho lo mhlahlandlela ungena khona. Akukhona nje ukufunda izinqubo okufanele uzilandele lapho injini ihluleka; imayelana nokuqonda sonke isimo, kusukela ezimbangela kuya emiphumeleni, nakho konke okuphakathi.
Uhambo luqala ngokuqonda okuyisisekelo kwe izinjini zezindiza, okulandelwa ukubhekwa kwezizathu ezivamile zokungasebenzi kwenjini lapho isuka. Abafundi bayobe sebefunda ngomthelela wokuhluleka kwenjini kanye nendlela yokusingatha isimo esinjalo. I-athikili iphinde ihlanganise nezinyathelo zokuphepha, izehlakalo zangempela, izindlela zokuqeqesha, amathiphu ochwepheshe, nezinsiza ezengeziwe ukuze ufunde kabanzi.
Ukuqonda Okuyisisekelo Kwezinjini Zezindiza
Inhliziyo yanoma iyiphi indiza injini yayo. Yindlu yamandla eyenza indiza iye esibhakabhakeni futhi igcine ukundiza kwayo. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zenjini yendiza zihlanganisa uphephela, i-compressor, igumbi lomlilo, i-turbine, kanye ne-exhaust. Ingxenye ngayinye idlala indima ebalulekile kuwo wonke umsebenzi wendiza, futhi noma yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu.
Nokho, ukuqonda ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwenjini yendiza akukhona nje ukwazi izingxenye zayo. Kumayelana nokubamba isayensi ngemuva kwayo - the izimiso ze-aerodynamics, lo ikhemikhali yokushiswa kwamafutha, Kanye mechanics of propulsion. Ukuqonda le mibono kunikeza abashayeli bezindiza ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze babhekane nokuhluleka kwenjini ngokuphumelelayo phakathi nokusuka nezinye izigaba ezibucayi zendiza.
Ukusebenza kwenjini kuphinde kuthonywe izinto zangaphandle njengezimo zezulu kanye engamamitha. Isibonelo, amazinga okushisa abandayo angaphazamisa ukusebenza kwenjini ngokushintsha ukuminyana komoya, kuyilapho ukuphakama okuphezulu kungaholela ekwehleni kwamandla enjini ngenxa yomoya omncane. Ukuqonda la ma-nuances kubalulekile kubashayeli bezindiza ukuze babikezele izinkinga ezingase zibe khona zenjini futhi bathathe izinyathelo ezifanele.
Izizathu Ezivamile Zokuhluleka Kwenjini Ekusukeni
Ukwehluleka kwenjini lapho isuka kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezinkingeni zemishini kuya ekungcolisweni kukaphethiloli. Esinye sezimbangela ezivame kakhulu ukushisa kwenjini, okungaba umphumela wokupholisa okunganele, amandla amaningi, noma isistimu yokupholisa engasebenzi kahle. Ukushisa ngokweqile kungaholela ekukhuleni kwezingxenye zenjini futhi kubangele ukungqubuzana, ekugcineni kuholele ekuhlulekeni kwenjini.
Ukungcoliswa kwamafutha kungenye imbangela ebalulekile yokungasebenzi kwenjini. Ukungcola okukuphethiloli, njengamanzi noma ukungcola, kungaphazamisa inqubo yokusha, kubangele injini iqhume noma ihluleke. Ngokufanayo, ukugcinwa okungafanele kwenjini, njengokungashintshi uwoyela njalo noma ukuziba ukungasebenzi kahle okuncane, kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwenjini okuyinhlekelele.
Okokugcina, izici zangaphandle ezifana nokushaywa kwezinyoni noma izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu zingabangela ukungasebenzi kwenjini. Ukushaywa kwezinyoni kungalimaza izingxenye zenjini, kuyilapho isimo sezulu esibi njengesichotho singabangela injini ukuba idle amanzi, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla.
Umthelela Wokwehluleka Kwenjini Ekusukeni
Umthelela wokwehluleka kwenjini ekusukeni ungahluka ngokusekelwe ezicini ezimbalwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuphakama kwendiza, isikhathi umshayeli asabela ngaso, nobukhulu bokuhluleka kwenjini ngokwayo. Esimeni esingcono kakhulu, umshayeli wendiza angakwazi ukubona inkinga ngokushesha, athathe isinyathelo sokuyilungisa, futhi abuyisele indiza phansi ngokuphepha. Esimeni esibi kakhulu, ukwehluleka kwenjini kungaholela ekuphahlazekeni.
Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngisho nalapho injini ihluleka, umshayeli wendiza onekhono nolungiselele kahle angakwazi ukuqondisa indiza ifike lapho ihlala khona ephephile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuqina komklamo wezindiza zesimanje, ezakhelwe ukumelana nokwehluleka kwezinjini futhi ziqhubeke nokundiza nezinjini ezisele.
Naphezu kobunzima obungaba khona bokuhluleka kwenjini lapho isuka, kuyivelakancane. Imboni yezokundiza itshala imali kakhulu ezindleleni zokunakekela kanye nezokuphepha ukuze kuncishiswe amathuba okuba khona kwezehlakalo ezinjalo.
Ukuphatha Ukwehluleka Kwenjini Ekusukeni
Ukusingatha ukwehluleka kwenjini lapho isuka kudinga ukucabanga okusheshayo, ulwazi lobuchwepheshe, kanye nesimo esizolile. Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukubona izimpawu zokungasebenzi kwenjini, njengokuphelelwa amandla kungazelelwe, imisindo engavamile, noma izibani eziyisixwayiso kuphaneli yezinsimbi. Uma ukwehluleka sekutholakele, umshayeli wendiza kufanele alandele ngokushesha izinqubo eziphuthumayo ezichazwe encwadini yemiyalelo yendiza.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukulawula indiza. Lokhu kuhilela ukunakekela isivinini esifanele somoya ukuze kuvinjwe indawo yokudayisa, ukulungisa isimo sengqondo sendiza ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukulahlekelwa amandla enjini, nokukhetha indawo efanele yokuhlala uma kungenakwenzeka ukubuyela esikhumulweni sezindiza.
Okokugcina, umshayeli wendiza kufanele akhulume naye ngesimo ukulawulwa kwezimoto ezindiza. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile njengoba sivumela ukwesekwa komhlaba ukuze kulungiselelwe ukubuya kwendiza futhi kuhlelwe izinkonzo eziphuthumayo uma kudingeka.
Izinyathelo Zokuphepha Nezinqubo Okufanele Zilandelwe
Abashayeli bezindiza baqeqeshelwa ukulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha ezithile kanye nezinqubo uma injini ihluleka lapho isuka. Lezi zinqubo zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi nabagibeli kanye nokunciphisa umonakalo endizeni.
Enye yezinqubo zokuqala ukugcina ukulawula indiza. Lokhu kuhilela ukugcina indiza isendaweni efanele kanye nokuphakama kwayo nokuyiqondisa kude nezingozi ezingaba khona. Okulandelayo, umshayeli wendiza kufanele azame ukuhlonza imbangela yokwehluleka kwenjini futhi athathe isinyathelo sokulungisa, uma kungenzeka.
Uma kungenzeki ukuhlalisa okuphephile, umshayeli wendiza angase adinge ukuhlalisa endaweni ephuthumayo. Lokhu kuhilela ukukhetha indawo efanelekayo, ukulungiselela indiza nabagibeli ukuze bahlale, kanye nokumisa indawo ngokushelela ngangokunokwenzeka.
Izehlakalo Zempilo Yangempela Zokuhluleka Kwenjini Ekusukeni
Naphezu kwezinyathelo zokuphepha ezingcono kakhulu, izehlakalo zangempela zokwehluleka kwenjini lapho isuka ziyenzeka. Lezi zigameko zisebenza njengezifundo ezibalulekile kubashayeli bezindiza, ezigqamisa ukubaluleka kwenqubo efanele kanye nokucabanga okusheshayo.
Esinye isigameko esinjalo senzeka ngo-1989 lapho indiza ye-United Airlines ihluleka kakhulu injini ngemva nje kokusuka. Naphezu kokulahlekelwa yizo zonke izilawuli ze-hydraulic, izisebenzi zendiza zikwazile ukuhlala ngokuphepha endizeni, zasindisa izimpilo zabantu abangu-185 esikebheni.
Esinye isigameko senzeka ngo-2009, lapho indiza ye-US Airways ishayisa umhlambi wamahansi ngesikhathi isuka, okwenza zombili izinjini zahluleka. Umshayeli wendiza, uCaptain Chesley “Sully” Sullenberger, wenze isimo esiphuthumayo e-Hudson River, ehlenga bonke abantu abangu-155 ababegibele.
Abashayeli Bezindiza Baziqeqeshela Kanjani Ukwehluleka Kwenjini Ekusukeni
Abashayeli bezindiza baqeqeshwa kanzima ezikoleni zezindiza nasezikhungweni zemfundo yezindiza ukuze balungiselele ukwehluleka kwenjini lapho isuka, esinye sezikole ezinjalo I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy, okwaziwa ngokuqeqeshwa okuphelele kwabafuna ukushayela izindiza kanye nekharikhulamu ephelele 2. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kuhlanganisa imfundo yasekilasini, ukuqeqeshwa okulingisayo, nokuzivocavoca kwezindiza zomhlaba wangempela.
Iziyalezo zekilasi
Ekilasini, abashayeli bezindiza bafunda ngethiyori mayelana nokusebenza kwenjini kanye nokwehluleka. Bahlolisisa ubukhenikha bezinjini zezindiza, bahlole izimbangela zokwehluleka kwezinjini, futhi bafunde izinqubo okumelwe zilandelwe uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka okunjalo.
Ukuqeqeshwa kweSimulator
Ukuqeqeshwa kwesifanisi kunikeza abashayeli bezindiza ithuba lokuhlangabezana nezimo zokuhluleka kwenjini endaweni elawulwayo. Lokhu kuzivumela ukuthi zibone izimpawu zokuhluleka kwenjini futhi zijwayeze izinqubo eziphuthumayo ngaphandle kwezingozi zomhlaba wangempela.
Ukuqeqeshwa Kwezindiza Zomhlaba Wangempela
Ukuqeqeshwa kwendiza yomhlaba wangempela kuhilela ukushayela indiza ngaphansi kokuqondisa komuntu onesipiliyoni umfundisi wendiza. Phakathi nalezi zikhathi, othisha bangalingisa izimo zokuhluleka kwenjini, bavumele abashayeli bezindiza ukuthi basebenzise ulwazi namakhono abo ezimeni ezingokoqobo.
Le ndlela ebanzi iqinisekisa ukuthi abashayeli bezindiza balungiselelwe kahle ukuphatha ukwehluleka kwenjini lapho isuka, ukuhlanganisa ulwazi lwethiyori, umkhuba olingiswayo, kanye nohlelo lokusebenza lomhlaba wangempela ukuze kwakhiwe ubungoti nokuqiniseka.
Amathiphu Ochwepheshe Nezinsiza Zabashayeli Bezindiza
Amathiphu ambalwa ochwepheshe nezisetshenziswa zingasiza abashayeli bezindiza ukuthi bazulazule ngokuhluleka kwenjini lapho isuka. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulondoloza ulwazi olunzulu lwezinhlelo zendiza nezinqubo eziphuthumayo, ukujwayela izimo eziphuthumayo endaweni yokulingisa, nokuhlala uzolile futhi ugxilile phakathi nesimo esiphuthumayo.
Mayelana nezinsiza, abashayeli bezindiza bangabhekisela ku- imanuwali yendiza, equkethe imininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nezinhlelo zendiza kanye nezinqubo eziphuthumayo. Bangakwazi futhi ukufuna iseluleko kubashayeli bezindiza abanolwazi noma abafundisi, abanganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo.
Isiphetho
Ukwehluleka kwenjini lapho isuka kuyisimo esibucayi esidinga ukucabanga okusheshayo nolwazi lobuchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqeqeshwa okufanele nezinsiza, abashayeli bezindiza bangakwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezinjalo ngempumelelo futhi baqinisekise ukuphepha kwabagibeli babo.
Lo mhlahlandlela unikeza ukubuka konke okuphelele kokuhluleka kwenjini lapho isuka, ohlanganisa yonke into kusukela kweziyisisekelo zezinjini zezindiza kuya ezehlakalweni zomhlaba wangempela. Kuwumthombo obalulekile wabo bobabili abashayeli bezindiza abasha nabanolwazi, enikeza amathiphu ochwepheshe kanye nemininingwane yokuthuthukisa amakhono nolwazi lwabo.
Ingabe usukulungele ukushintsha okungalindelekile kube okulawulekayo? E-Florida Flyers Flight Academy, siyaqonda ukuthi ukulungiselela kubalulekile. Kungakho ikharikhulamu yethu ebanzi yakhelwe ukukuhlomisa ngolwazi namakhono okusingatha ukwehluleka kwenjini ngokuzethemba lapho isuka nangale kwalokho. Bhalisa namuhla futhi uthathe isinyathelo sokuqala ekuqondeni ukwehluleka kwenjini ekusukeni nasekuvikeleni ikusasa lakho esibhakabhakeni.
Xhumana nathi noma shayela i-Florida Flyers Team ku +1 904 209 3510 ukuze ube umshayeli wendiza ophumelele oqinisekisiwe.
