Ukuguqulwa kwe-FAA kuya ku-EASA: Imizila, Izivivinyo kanye Nezindleko zika-2026

Isitifiketi somshayeli wendiza se-FAA asiguquki sibe yilayisensi ye-EASA ngesinyathelo esisodwa. Lokho onakho kunquma umzila. Abanikazi babashayeli bamabhanoyi abazimele be-FAA bangasebenzisa isinqamuleli esihambisana nezinhlangothi ezimbili ukuya ku-EASA PPL, kuyilapho abanikazi bezentengiselwano be-FAA kanye nabanikazi be-ATP abafuna i-EASA ATPL kumele baphumelele ukuhlolwa okugcwele kwethiyori yaseYurophu, bahlangabezane nezidingo zezokwelapha nezolimi, futhi baqedele ukuhlolwa kwamakhono nomhloli we-EASA. Isicelo ngokwaso siya egunyeni lezindiza likazwelonke lezwe eliyilungu le-EU lapho uhlala khona noma uhlose ukusebenza khona, hhayi ku-EASA ngqo.

Lo mhlahlandlela ubeka zombili izindlela ngokulandelana ozohlangabezana nazo, imibhalo ecelwa yigunya ngalinye, ukuthi imali iya kuphi, nokuthi ungawulandela kanjani umsebenzi ukuze kungabikho ihora lokuqeqeshwa elichithwayo.

TL; DR

• Ukuguqulwa kusingathwa yiziphathimandla zikazwelonke ngaphansi Umthethonqubo Othunyelwe (EU) 2020/723, ngakho-ke ufaka isicelo ezweni eliyilungu lapho uhlala khona noma ohlela ukusebenza khona.
• I-FAA-EASA ehambisanayo (i-BASA, i-Annex 3) iguqula abanikazi be-FAA PPL, i-CPL kanye ne-ATP kuphela babe yi-EASA PPL enezilinganiso ezifanayo. Ayikhiqizi ilayisensi yezohwebo noma yendiza.
• I-EASA ATPL idinga izifundo eziyi-14 zethiyori, ubungcweti bezokwelapha be-EASA Class 1, isiNgisi okungenani ezingeni lesi-4 kanye nokuhlolwa kwekhono le-ATPL.
• Izindleko zakhiwa yisifundo sethiyori, izimali zokuhlolwa, ezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa kwamakhono kanye nemali yegunya; imali ejwayelekile yegunya I-50 euro.
• Qala ithiyori kanye nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi. Yizinto eziholayo kakhulu, futhi ungaba nelayisensi ye-EASA kanye nesitifiketi sakho se-FAA.

Okuqukethwe

• Ubani ngempela odinga ukuguqula
• Indlela ye-BASA: i-FAA PPL, i-CPL noma i-ATP eya ku-EASA PPL
• Indlela ye-ATPL: kusukela ku-FAA ATP noma i-CPL kuya ku-EASA ATPL
• Ezokwelapha nolimi: isikhathi esinqunyiwe sokuthula
• Izindleko zokuguqulwa
• Uchungechunge olunengqondo
• Umbono wethu
• Yakhani isisekelo se-FAA kanye nendlela ye-EASA ndawonye
• Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
• Imithombo

Ubani ngempela odinga ukuguqula

Izinhlobo ezintathu zabashayeli bezindiza zibuza lo mbuzo, bese ngamunye egcina esendleleni ehlukile.

1. Umshayeli wendiza ozimele we-FAA ohlala eYurophu futhi ufuna ukundiza indiza ebhaliswe yi-EASA ngamandla esitifiketi sase-US. Lena yindlela yokuguqulwa kwe-BASA.
2. Umnikazi we-FAA wezohwebo noma we-ATP uhlose inkampani yezindiza yaseYurophu. Izindiza eziqashayo ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-EASA zifuna ilayisensi ye-Part-FCL, futhi kulo mgomo kusebenza umzila ogcwele we-ATPL.
3. Umfundi womshayeli wendiza ongakaqali futhi ufuna ukuqashwa kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ze-Atlantic. Lo mshayeli wendiza akadingi ukuguqulwa nhlobo, udinga nje ukulandelana kokuqeqeshwa okunengqondo, esizoxoxa ngakho ngezansi.

Iphuzu elilodwa eqenjini lokuqala: a Isihloko se-Pilot-Hub kusukela ngo-2025 Kuchaza ukuthi izakhamuzi zaseYurophu ezifuna ukundiza izindiza ezibhaliswe nge-N ngaphakathi kwesikhala sezindiza se-EASA, kusukela ngo-2023, kulindeleke ukuthi ziguquke ngaphansi kwesivumelwano samazwe amabili kanye nezinqubo zaso ze-TIP-L. Uma lokho kuchaza wena, isigaba esilandelayo yilapho okufanele uqale khona.

Indlela ye-BASA: i-FAA PPL, i-CPL noma i-ATP eya ku-EASA PPL

Isivumelwano Sokuphepha Kwezindiza Samazwe Ngamazwe phakathi kwe-United States ne-European Union sathola ilayisensi yaso yokushayela izindiza ngomhlaka-18 Meyi 2021. Ngokusho kwe- I-Swedish Transport Agency, Isithasiselo 3 sivumela abanikazi bezitifiketi ze-FAA ukuthi bafake izicelo zokuguqulwa kwamalayisense okushayela azimele ezindiza, okuhlanganisa i-SEP, i-MEP, i-Night kanye ne-Instrument. Ukumakwa kwayo kuqondile:

Imikhawulo emibili ibalulekile. Okokuqala, i-IR(A) ingakhishwa kuphela kanye ne-PPL(A noma ye-PPL(A). Ayikwazi ukuthwalwa iye kwilayisensi ephakeme ngaphansi kwe-Annex 3. Okwesibili, i- Ifomu le-DGAC yesiFulentshi ithi abanikazi be-FAA CPL kanye ne-ATP bathola ilayisensi ye-EASA yezinga elizimele kanye nezilinganiso, ukuthi izitifiketi zezemidlalo nezokuzilibazisa azikwazi ukuguqulwa, nokuthi izilinganiso zohlobo lwe-FAA kanye nezilinganiso zekilasi ezifana ne-TMG noma i-SET aziguquki zibe izilinganiso zohlobo lwe-Part-FCL. Ilayisensi ye-EASA yezinga lobuchwepheshe idinga indlela ehlukile.

Imibandela yokuguqulwa kwe-PPL

Iziphathimandla zishicilela izimo ezifanayo nezinhlobo zendawo:

• Imali. The Igunya laseSlovak ithi kumele ube sesimweni samanje ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-FAA lapho inqubo iqala. Izitifiketi ezinikezwe, ezimisiwe noma ezihoxisiwe azamukelwa.
• Isakhamuzi. Uhlinzeka ngobufakazi bokuhlala ezweni eliyilungu le-EU kanye nekhophi yesitifiketi sakho se-FAA. Idokhumenti ye-TIP-L ivumela abashayeli bezindiza asebevele behlala ngaphambi kokuba iSithasiselo 3 sifake isicelo sokufakazela imali ngokuzimemezela efomini lesicelo.
• Ezokwelapha. Udinga isitifiketi sezokwelapha se-EU esisebenzayo esihlangabezana nezimfuneko ze-EASA ze-PPL(A), kanye nesitifiketi sezokwelapha se-FAA samanje. I-Irish Aviation Authority kuqinisekisa ukuthi awusilahli isitifiketi se-FAA futhi ungaba nazo zombili.
• Ulimi. Ama-IAA Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Yokuthola Ilayisense uthi kumele uphumelele ukuhlolwa kobungcweti bolimi lwesiNgisi kwe-EASA okwamukelekayo, nokuthi ukuvunyelwa kwe-ICAO elayisensini yakho akunakumane kuqashelwe.
• Okuhlangenwe nakho. Ngokusho the I-Swedish Transport Agency, umnikazi we-PPL onamahora ayi-100 noma ngaphezulu kumele ahlangabezane nezidingo zesigaba noma zokulinganisa uhlobo, aphumelele ithiyori ye-EASA ku-Air Law kanye nokusebenza komuntu, abe nesitifiketi sezokwelapha sebanga lesi-2 okungenani, abonise ikhono lolimi lwezinga lesi-4 futhi aphumelele isivivinyo sekhono se-EASA. Ngamahora angaphansi kwe-100 ilayisensi ayikwazi ukuguqulwa. Esikhundleni salokho ufaka isicelo enhlanganweni yokuqeqesha ukuze uthole ukuqeqeshwa okuncishisiwe kanye nethiyori yokuhlala kuzo zonke izifundo eziyisishiyagalolunye.

Izinqubo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngombuso ongamalungu. Igunya laseDashi, isibonelo, idinga ifomu eliku-inthanethi yokuguqula ilayisensi ye-FAA ibe yi-Part-FCL, bese ucela ukuthi igama lakho nendawo yokuzalwa ifane ncamashi nepasipoti yakho. Ngemva kokuthumela uthola isiqinisekiso esizenzakalelayo bese kuba nesicelo sokukhokha, okufanele sikhokhwe zingakapheli amasonto amane. Lelo khasi liphawula ukuthi ukucubungula okwamanje kuhamba kancane kunokujwayelekile, ngakho-ke yakha isikhathi ohlelweni lwakho.

Indlela ye-ATPL: kusukela ku-FAA ATP noma i-CPL kuya ku-EASA ATPL

Ukuze ube yinkampani yezindiza eYurophu, indlela enqamulelayo yamazwe amabili ayanele. I-Swedish Transport Agency uhlu lwezinto ezidingwa ukuguqulwa kwe-ATPL:

1. Experience ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-ATPL zengxenye encane ye-Part-FCL F: amahora angu-1,500 esewonke, amahora angu-500 emisebenzini eminingi yokushayela, amahora angu-250 njenge-PIC noma i-PICUS, okungenani amahora angu-200 okuwela izwe (100 njenge-PIC), amahora angu-75 esikhathi sezinsimbi kanye namahora ayi-100 okundiza ebusuku.
2. Isigaba noma isilinganiso sohlobo esifanele izidingo.
3. Ukuhlolwa okugcwele kwe-EASA theory ATPL.
4. Isitifiketi sezokwelapha se-EASA Class 1.
5. Ukwazi isiNgisi okungenani ezingeni lesi-4.
6. Ukuhlolwa kwamakhono kwe-EASA ATPL.

Iziphathimandla zase-Ireland zengeza imininingwane yabashayeli bezindiza abahlose umsebenzi wezindiza: uphumelela izivivinyo ze-Part-FCL ATPL ku zonke izifundo ezingu-14 ngemuva kwesifundo solwazi lwethiyori okungenani amahora angu-650 eNhlanganweni Yokuqeqesha Evunyiwe yi-EASA, ngaphandle kokunciphisa isifundo sethiyori esingeyona i-EASA ATPL.

Ngamagama acacile: inkolelo-mbono iyisizinda salokhu kuguqulwa. Ulwazi lwakho lokundiza kanye nekhono lakho lokusebenza kuyaqashelwa, kodwa isisekelo solwazi sihlolwa ngokugcwele ngaphansi kwemithetho yaseYurophu. Yingakho abantu abahlela inkolelo-mbono beshesha kakhulu ngenqubo.

Ukukhetha igunya

Ngenxa yokuthi iziphathimandla zikazwelonke zisingatha ukuguqulwa, umbuzo osebenzayo ukuthi iyiphi. Izwe elilungu lapho uhlala khona noma uhlela ukusebenza khona liyindawo yokuqala, ngokwesilinganiso. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngelayisensi ye-EASAAmanye amazwe acubungula izicelo eziningi zakwamanye amazwe kunezinye, futhi izimali, amafomu kanye nezikhathi zokucubungula ziyahlukahluka, ngakho funda ikhasi legunya elithile ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele kumhloli noma enhlanganweni yokuqeqesha.

Ezokwelapha nolimi: isikhathi esinqunyiwe sokuthula

I-FAA yakho yezokwelapha ayimeleli i-EASA yezokwelapha. Ukuze uguqule izinga langasese udinga i-EASA Class 2, ukuze usebenze ne-ATPL i-Class 1, ekhishwa ngumhloli ovunyelwe yi-EASA noma isikhungo sezokwelapha ngezindiza. Izindinganiso ziyafana kodwa azifani, ngakho-ke uma unomlando wokuthi i-FAA inikeze ukukhishwa okukhethekile, xoxa nomhloli wezokwelapha ngezindiza ngaphambi kokuba ukhokhele izifundo zethiyori. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA ne-EASA ichaza indlela lezi zinhlelo ezimbili ezihluke ngayo, kanye Umhlahlandlela wesitifiketi sezokwelapha se-FAA ihlanganisa uhlangothi lwase-US.

Ukwazi ulimi ngenye into yokuqala. Izinga lesi-4 liyisilinganiso esincane sokuguqulwa, kodwa ukuhlolwa kumele kube yilokho okwamukelwa yigunya elikwamukelayo, ngakho-ke qinisekisa isivumelwano nabo kunokuba ucabange ukuthi ukuvumela kwakho okukhona kuyaqhubeka.

Izindleko zokuguqulwa

Akukho ntengo eyodwa, ngoba isamba siyisamba sezinto eziningana ezihlukene, ngasinye sisethwe yiqembu elihlukile:

• Imali yegunya. Imali ibekwa yizwe ngalinye eliyilungu. Igunya laseSlovakia lishicilela imali yokukhishwa kwamanje ye I-50 euro ngesicelo sokuguqulwa kwe-BASA. Ezinye izifundazwe zikhokhisa amanani azo.
• Ezokwelapha. Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-EASA, okukhokhiswa ngumhloli.
• Umbono. Into enkulu kunazo zonke ekuguqulweni kwe-ATPL: ikhosi enhlanganweni yokuqeqesha evunyiwe kanye nokuhlala kwezivivinyo.
• Umehluko noma ukuqeqeshwa kokuguqulwa. Isikhathi sokundiza nomfundisi ukuze ulungiselele ukuhlolwa kwamakhono, kuye ngokuthi uke wabhekana kanjani nakho muva nje.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imali yomhloli, kanye nesikhathi sendiza noma sokulingisa.
• Isilinganiso sohlobo, uma umgomo wakho udinga eyodwa yendiza ethile yendiza.

Indlela ewusizo yokulawula izindleko ukususa umsebenzi ophindaphindwayo. Yonke imisebenzi yezokwelapha ehlulekile noma ephelelwe yisikhathi ifaka inkokhelo yesibili, ngakho-ke hlela uhlu lwezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa kolimi kanye nethiyori ngaphambi kokubhuka isivivinyo samakhono.

Uchungechunge olunengqondo

1. Nquma ukuthi uzolingwa yini. I-EASA PPL yokundiza komuntu siqu, noma i-EASA ATPL yomsebenzi wezindiza.
2. Khetha igunya lapho uhlala khona noma lapho uzosebenza khona, bese ufunda ikhasi lokuguqulwa kanye nesheduli yezimali.
3. Bhukha i-EASA yezokwelapha kusenesikhathi, ngoba kuvala konke okunye.
4. Qala imfundiso. Ngomzila we-ATPL lokhu kusho izifundo ezingu-14 enhlanganweni evunyiwe, kulandelwe yizivivinyo. Sichaza ukuthi abafundi bahlala kanjani kuzo Izivivinyo ze-EASA ATPL e-USAkanye nesakhiwo se- Uhlelo lwethiyori lwe-EASA ATPL oluku-inthanethi yakhelwe phezu kokutadisha kwe-modular.
5. Qedela noma yikuphi ukuqeqeshwa kwendiza okudingekayo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwamakhono.
6. Dlula isivivinyo samakhono nomhloli we-EASA.
7. Thumela isicelo nemininingwane yakho yepasipoti, ikhophi yesitifiketi se-FAA, ubufakazi bezokwelapha kanye nendawo yokuhlala, bese ukhokha imali yegunya ngesikhathi.

Uma ulinganisa indlela ye-modular ne-ehlanganiswe ngokuphelele, ukuqhathanisa kwethu i-ATPL ye-modular uma iqhathaniswa ne-integrated ichaza ukuthi ngayinye ifanelana kanjani nomshayeli wendiza ohlala e-US. Ukuze uthole umbono obanzi wokuthi izinhlelo ezimbili zokunikeza amalayisense zihluke kanjani emsebenzini wezindiza, bheka I-FAA vs EASA ATPL.

Umbono wethu

Iningi labashayeli bezindiza abasibuza ngokuguqula empeleni babuza umbuzo wokulandelana. Imithetho yokuguqula ishicilelwe futhi izinzile impela. Okubiza abantu imali nezinyanga ukuyifunda ngokulandelana okungalungile: inkambo yethiyori iqale ngaphambi kokuba kuqinisekiswe udokotela, ukuhlolwa kwamakhono okubhukwa ngaphambi kokuba ifomu legunya liqondwe, noma ilayisense yesibili engezwe ohlelweni lomsebenzi olungakaze ludingeke.

Sakhe ukuqeqeshwa kwethu kuncike kulokho. Isikole sethu sineGunya Lokuzihlola, okusho ukuthi ukugibela kwe-FAA kwenzeka ngaphakathi endlini ngaphandle kokulinda isikhathi eside umhloli wangaphandle, futhi izinhlelo zethu zeNgxenye 141 zenzelwe ukuthatha umfundi kusukela kumshayeli wendiza ozimele kuya ku-ATP okungenani emahoreni angu-111 okuqeqeshwa kwendiza. Lokho kuyisifundo sobungcweti, futhi kuyisisekelo esiqine kakhulu selayisensi ye-EASA yakamuva, ngoba ukuguqulwa kwe-ATPL kusekelwe kurekhodi eliqinile lokundiza kanye nohlelo lwethiyori oluqhutshwa kahle.

Kubafundi abaziyo kusukela osukwini lokuqala ukuthi iYurophu iyingxenye yohlelo, sinikeza i-EASA ATPL Modular kanye nezinhlelo zethu ze-FAA, ngakho-ke ithiyori kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwendiza kungahlelwa njengendlela eyodwa kunokuthenga okubili okuhlukene. Abafundi bamazwe ngamazwe nabo banokusekelwa kwe-visa ye-M1, okususa okunye ukungaqiniseki okuvela ezinyangeni zokuqala. Uma ufuna umzila oqondile, obikezelwayo oya e-cockpit yendiza, qala ngokuqeqeshwa kwe-FAA bese uvumela ilayisensi ye-EASA ilandele kuyo.

Rainer

Yakhani isisekelo se-FAA kanye nendlela ye-EASA ndawonye

Uma umgomo wakho kuwumsebenzi wezindiza ongawela i-Atlantic, ukuguqulwa okungabizi kakhulu yilowo ohlela ngaphambi kwesifundo sakho sokuqala. I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy iqeqesha abashayeli bezindiza bezentengiselwano ngaphansi kwe-FAA Part 141, ngokuhlola ngaphakathi endlini nge-Self Examining Authority, ukwesekwa kwe-visa ye-M1 kubafundi bamazwe ngamazwe, izinketho zezimali kanye nezindlela zokubekwa emsebenzini. Uhlelo Lwesikole Sendiza Yendiza Yentengo Engaguquki ishicilelwe ngo-$85,900, kanti eyethu Uhlelo lwe-US Airline Pilot Career Programme ku-$ 49,950.

Ngokwethiyori ye-EASA, ukunikezwa kwethu kwe-EASA ATPL Modular kuchazwe ku- indawo esemqoka, futhi ithimba lethu lingahlela izinyathelo ze-FAA kanye ne-EASA zibe umugqa wesikhathi owodwa wesimo sakho. Ukuze ubukeze inqubo yokuguqulwa, funda eyethu Umhlahlandlela wokuguqulwa kwelayisensi ye-EASA yabashayeli bezindiza be-FAA.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ngingakwazi yini ukuguqula ilayisensi yami ye-FAA ibe yilayisensi ye-EASA ngaphandle kokubhala izivivinyo?

Kuphela ezingeni langasese. Ngaphansi kwe-BASA Annex 3, umnikazi we-FAA ozimele, wezentengiselwano noma we-ATP angathola i-EASA PPL enezilinganiso ezifanayo, kanye nomshayeli wendiza onamahora ayi-100 noma ngaphezulu e-theory ku-Air Law kanye nokusebenza komuntu kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Ku-EASA ATPL, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwethiyori kuyadingeka.

Ingabe ngilahlekelwa isitifiketi sami se-FAA uma ngithola ilayisensi ye-EASA?

Cha. I-Irish Aviation Authority ithi ilayisensi ye-FAA akudingeki idedelwe nokuthi ungaba nayo yomibili. Udinga ukugcina isikhathi sezokwelapha se-FAA ukuze ulondoloze amalungelo e-FAA, futhi ilayisensi ye-EASA idinga eyayo yezokwelapha.

Yiliphi izwe okufanele ngifake isicelo kulo?

Faka isicelo egunyeni likazwelonke lezwe eliyilungu le-EU lapho uhlala khona noma uhlela ukusebenza khona, njengoba i-EASA iqondisa. Igunyeni ngalinye linefomu lalo, imali kanye nesikhathi sokucubungula, ngakho hlola ikhasi lalo lokuguqulwa ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele kumhloli noma enhlanganweni yokuqeqesha.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuguqulwa?

Isikhathi sincike endleleni kanye negunya. Ukucutshungulwa kwesicelo kukodwa kuyahlukahluka: igunya laseDashi libika ukubambezeleka okwamanje, futhi lithumela isicelo sokukhokha okumele sixazululwe zingakapheli amasonto amane. Ngokuguqulwa kwe-ATPL, ukulungiselela ithiyori kanye nokuhlala kokuhlolwa ngokuvamile yingxenye ende kakhulu, ngakho qala lapho.

Ingabe isilinganiso sohlobo lwe-FAA siyashintsha?

Akukho ngaphansi kwe-BASA. Ifomu legunya laseFrance lithi izilinganiso zohlobo lwe-FAA kanye nezilinganiso zekilasi le-TMG noma le-SET azikwazi ukuguqulwa zibe izilinganiso zohlobo lwe-Part-FCL. Lapho kudingeka khona isilinganiso sohlobo lwe-EASA, sitholakala ngendlela ye-EASA.

Imithombo

• Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngokuphathelene Nelayisensi, i-EASA
• Ukuguqulwa kwelayisensi ye-FAA ngaphansi kwesivumelwano se-BASA, i-Swedish Transport Agency
• Ukuguqulwa kwamalayisense, i-Swedish Transport Agency
• Ukwamukelwa kwelayisensi yokushayela indiza evela ku-FAA, iSlovak Transport Authority
• Izinqubo Zokusebenza Kobuchwepheshe Zokunikeza Ilayisense (i-TIP-L), i-EASA
• Ifomu leHhovisi Lokunikeza Amalayisense lokuguqulwa kwelayisensi ye-BASA kanye nesilinganiso, i-DGAC France
• Ukuguqula noma ukuqinisekisa ilayisensi yokushayela indiza ye-ICAO, i-CAA NL
• Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngelayisensi Yomshayeli Wezindiza, Igunya Lezindiza Lase-Ireland
• Imemorandamu yeseluleko ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokwehliswa kwemithetho, i-Irish Aviation Authority
• Indiza ebhaliswe nge-N esikhaleni se-EASA, i-Pilot-Hub

Kunconywe

• Umhlahlandlela Wokuguqulwa Kwelayisensi ye-EASA Yabashayeli Bezindiza be-FAA
• Ilayisensi Yokushayela ye-EASA vs FAA USA: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele
• Ukuqeqeshwa Kwendiza kwe-EASA vs FAA - Ukuqonda Umehluko
• Izivivinyo ze-EASA ATPL e-USA: Indlela Abazongenela Iziqu Abaziqhuba Ngayo