Isigaba 1 vs Isigaba 2 Sezokwelapha: Izitifiketi ze-FAA Ziqhathaniswa

Isitifiketi sezokwelapha se-FAA sekilasi lokuqala yisona ukaputeni wendiza asidingayo ukuze asebenzise amalungelo okushayela umshayeli wendiza (ATP). Isitifiketi sezokwelapha sekilasi lesibili sihlanganisa ukundiza kwezentengiselwano kanye nomsebenzi wendiza wesibili. Umehluko osebenzayo kuwe uncike ezintweni ezintathu: ukuthi yikuphi ukundiza ohlose ukukwenza, ukuthi isitifiketi sihlala isikhathi esingakanani sisebenza kulolo kundiza, kanye nokuhlolwa kwenhliziyo okwengeziwe okuhambisana nokuhlolwa kwekilasi lokuqala. Uma ufuna izigaba zamadivayisi ekilasi lokuqala nekilasi II ze-FDA, leso yisihloko esihlukile. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa izitifiketi zezokwelapha zomshayeli kuphela.

TL; DR

• A ukwelashwa kwekilasi lokuqala kuyadingeka ukuze uthole amalungelo omshayeli ophethe isitifiketi se-ATPKudingeka udokotela wezinga lesibili ukuze uthole amalungelo okuhlola ezentengiselwano.
• Ngaphansi kwe-14 CFR 61.23, isitifiketi sekilasi lokuqala esisetshenziselwa imisebenzi yokushayela i-ATP sihlala izinyanga eziyi-12 zekhalenda uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 kanye ne-6 uma uneminyaka engama-40 noma ngaphezulu. Sisetshenziswa ngamalungelo okuhweba, sibalwa njengekilasi lesibili futhi sihlala izinyanga eziyi-12.
• Ukuhlolwa kwekilasi lokuqala kwengeza i-electrocardiogram (EKG) lapho umuntu eneminyaka engu-35 futhi minyaka yonke ngemva kweminyaka engu-40. Isigaba sesibili nesesithathu asidingi lokho.
• Isigaba esiphakeme sihlanganisa amalungelo esigaba esiphansi, ngakho-ke umnikazi wesigaba sokuqala angasebenzisa amalungelo esigaba sesibili nesesithathu.
• Uma umgomo wakho kuyinkampani yezindiza, faka isicelo sekilasi eliphezulu ongalidinga ngaphambi kokuba uzibophezele ekukhokheni imali yokufunda.

Okuqukethwe

• Lokho ikilasi ngalinye eliklanyelwe kona
• Ikilasi lokuqala vs ikilasi lesibili: ukuqhathanisa eceleni
• Isikhathi esingakanani isitifiketi ngasinye, nokuthi kungani “sishiya phansi”
• Lokho okushiwo ukuhlolwa
• Yiliphi ikilasi umfundi wendiza okufanele alithole
• Uma ukwelashwa kungahambi njengoba kuhleliwe
• Umbono wethu
• Hlela ukuqeqeshwa kwakho ngesitifiketi esifanele
• Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
• Imithombo

Lokho ikilasi ngalinye eliklanyelwe kona

I-FAA ihlela izitifiketi zezokwelapha ngohlobo lokundiza olusebenzisayo. Ngokuvamile, isitifiketi sekilasi lokuqala senzelwe abashayeli bezindiza bezokuthutha izindiza, kanti isitifiketi sekilasi lesibili senzelwe abashayeli bezindiza bezentengiselwano.Ikilasi lesithathu lingaphansi kokubili futhi lihlanganisa ukundiza kwabafundi, okokuzijabulisa kanye nokwangasese.

The Umhlahlandlela we-FAA wabahloli bezokwelapha bezindiza ithi isitifiketi sesigaba sesibili siyadingeka kubashayeli bezindiza bezentengiselwano, onjiniyela bezindiza, abashayeli bezindiza kanye nabaqhubi bemibhoshongo yokulawula ithrafikhi yezindiza. Empeleni, lesi isitifiketi somshayeli wendiza okhokhelwa ukundiza kodwa ongasebenzi njengokaputeni endizeni yendiza ehleliwe. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile yilezi:

• Abafundisi bezindiza abakhokhelwa ukufundisa endaweni yokuqeqesha
• Ukuqapha amapayipi, izithombe zasemoyeni kanye nabashayeli bezindiza abahlolayo
• Abashayeli bezindiza abaqashayo nabezinkampani abasebenza ngaphansi kwamalungelo okuhweba
• Izikhulu zokuqala zezindiza zisebenzisa amalungelo esibili okuphatha esitifiketi se-ATP

Isitifiketi sezinga eliphezulu yilesi osidingayo ukuze usebenze njengomshayeli wendiza ophethe umsebenzi wendiza odinga i-ATP. Yisitifiketi wonke ukaputeni wendiza yabagibeli yase-US anaso, futhi leso isikhulu sokuqala esizosidinga ekugcineni endleleni eya esihlalweni sesobunxele.

Ikilasi lokuqala vs ikilasi lesibili: ukuqhathanisa eceleni

Izibalo zokufaneleka zivela ngqo ku- I-14 CFR 61.23Imithetho ye-EKG kanye neyomhloli ivela ku-FAA Ukuhamba Ngendlela Yendiza Yezokwelapha ukushicilelwa.

Isikhathi esingakanani isitifiketi ngasinye, nokuthi kungani “sishiya phansi”

Lena yingxenye emangaza abafundi abaningi. Isitifiketi sezokwelapha asinalo usuku olulodwa lokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Ukusebenza kwaso kuncike emalungelweni owasebenzisayo kanye neminyaka yakho ngosuku lokuhlolwa.

Thatha isitifiketi sekilasi lokuqala esinikezwe umfakisicelo oneminyaka engu-32 ubudala:

• Ngemisebenzi yokushayela i-ATP, ilungele izinyanga eziyi-12 zekhalenda.
• Ngemuva kwalokho, isasebenza njengesikhungo sezokwelapha sesigaba sesibili samalungelo okuhweba kuze kube sekupheleni kwenyanga yekhalenda ye-12.
• Ngemva kwalokho, iyaqhubeka njengodokotela wezinga lesithathu. Kumshayeli wendiza ongaphansi kweminyaka engama-40, amalungelo ekilasi lesithathu ahlala izinyanga ezingama-60; uma eneminyaka engama-40 noma ngaphezulu, engu-24.

Kumshayeli wendiza oneminyaka engu-40 noma ngaphezulu esivivinyweni, isikhathi sokuqala semisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ophethe i-ATP sifinyezwa sibe yizinyanga eziyi-6. Yingakho okaputeni bezindiza abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-40 behlolwa kabili ngonyaka.

Isitifiketi sekilasi lesibili silandela umqondo ofanayo lapho izinga elilodwa lisusiwe. Sisebenza izinyanga eziyi-12 zekhalenda ngamalungelo okuhweba, bese sehla siye kumalungelo ekilasi lesithathu kulezi zikhathi ezingenhla.

Imininingwane emibili ibalulekile ekusebenzeni. Okokuqala, izikhathi ziyizinyanga zekhalenda: isitifiketi esikhishwe phakathi nenyanga sihlala sisebenza kuze kube usuku lokugcina lwenyanga efanele. Okwesibili, ukuhlukaniswa kwabangaphansi kweminyaka engu-40 uma kuqhathaniswa nabaneminyaka engu-40 noma ngaphezulu kunqunywa iminyaka yakho ngosuku lokuhlolwa, hhayi ngosuku lokuzalwa olulandelayo. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olujulile mayelana nokuvuselelwa, bheka umhlahlandlela wethu ku- izidingo zesitifiketi sezokwelapha somshayeli wokuhlola nokuvuselela.

Lokho okushiwo ukuhlolwa

Womabili la makilasi alandela inqubo efanayo eyisisekelo. Uqala ngokuthi ukudala i-akhawunti ye-MedXPress nokuthumela isicelo sakho ku-inthanethi, bese uthatha inombolo yokuqinisekisa uye ku-AME yakho. Sichaza ifomu isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ku umhlahlandlela wethu we-MedXPress wabashayeli bezindiza abafundi.

Ngesikhathi sokuqokwa, i-FAA ithi ukuhlolwa kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kokuphila, ukuhlolwa kokubona nokuzwa, ukuhlolwa kwe-EKG uma kudingeka, kanye nokuhlolwa komchamoI-AME kumele ibukeze umlando wakho wezokwelapha mathupha futhi yenze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba ukuze inqume ukuthi uyahlangabezana yini nezindinganiso eziku-14 CFR ingxenye 67.

Umehluko phakathi kwamakilasi mncane kunalokho abafaki bezicelo abaningi abakulindele:

• Ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo. Ukuhlolwa kwekilasi lokuqala kudinga i-electrocardiogram uma uneminyaka engu-35 futhi minyaka yonke ngemva kweminyaka engu-40. Ikilasi lesibili alidingi.
• Umhloli. Ama-AME aqokiwe kuphela angenza izivivinyo zekilasi lokuqala. Ngaphambi kokubhukha, qinisekisa ukuthi umhloli omkhethayo ugunyaziwe ekilasini olifunayo.
• Amazinga. Zombili lezi zigaba zilinganiswa ngokwengxenye 67, futhi izindinganiso zekilasi lokuqala yizona ezidinga kakhulu. Buza umhloli wakho noma ubuyekeze Umhlahlandlela we-AME ukuze uthole izidingo ezinemininingwane zekilasi ngalinye.

Uma ufuna isithombe esiphelele salokho okushiwo yikilasi lokuqala, ikhasi lethu ku- Isitifiketi sezokwelapha se-FAA sekilasi lokuqala ihlanganisa inqubo, kanye nokubuka kwethu konke Izidingo zesitifiketi sezokwelapha se-FAA ihlanganisa zonke izigaba ezintathu.

Yiliphi ikilasi umfundi wendiza okufanele alithole

Inani eliphansi lokulawula liphansi. Umfundi wendiza kumele abe nesitifiketi sezokwelapha sekilasi lesithathu okungenani, yize noma yiliphi ikilasi lizokwanelaNgokomthetho, ungaqala ukuqeqeshwa nanoma yiliphi ikilasi.

Ngokweqhinga, impendulo ihlukile kumuntu ohlose ukuba umshayeli wendiza. Isiqondiso se-FAA uqobo sithi abafundi abahlela ukungena ezindizeni zezentengiselwano kufanele bafake izicelo zesitifiketi sezokwelapha sekilasi eliphezulu kakhulu esingadingeka emsebenzini wabo.Isizathu singokwezimali kanye nezokwelapha:

1. Uthola kusenesikhathi. Isimo esikuvimbela ukuthi ungafaneleki ekilasini lokuqala sitholakala kangcono ngaphambi kokuba uqedele imali yakho yokufunda, hhayi ngemva kokuba isitifiketi sezentengiselwano sisesandleni.
2. Ukuhlolwa okukodwa kuhlanganisa konke. Umshayeli wendiza onesitifiketi sezinga eliphezulu ihlangabezane nezidingo zezigaba eziphansi futhi ingasebenzisa amalungelo avunyelwe yizigaba eziphansiUkuhlolwa okukodwa kwebanga lokuqala kuhlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa kwakho kwangasese, kwezinsimbi zomculo, kwezentengiselwano kanye nokufundisa.
3. Azikho izivivinyo eziphindaphindwayo. Uyagwema ukuthatha isivivinyo sesibili nesinzima kamuva lapho inkampani yezindiza yesifunda icela ubufakazi bokufaneleka.

Umthetho ofanele: uma uhlelo lwakho luphela ngokundiza kwezentengiselwano noma komfundisi, isitifiketi sokusebenza sezokwelapha sesigaba sesibili. Uma uhlelo lwakho luphela e-cockpit yendiza, qala ngesigaba sokuqala. Umhlahlandlela wethu we- abashayeli bezindiza abanomsebenzi wesitifiketi sezokwelapha se-FAA ibeka ukulandelana, futhi yiziphi isitifiketi sezokwelapha abashayeli bezindiza abadinga ukuqeqeshwa iphendula imibuzo evame kakhulu yokuqala.

Uma ukwelashwa kungahambi njengoba kuhleliwe

Umphumela ongaphelele awusona ukuphela kwendlela ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma ungase ungahlangabezani nezinga elijwayelekile, i-FAA yeluleka ukuthi ucwaninge umhlahlandlela we-AME kusenesikhathi bese uletha amadokhumenti adingekayo. Uma ukuhlolwa kuhlehlisiwe, nikeza amarekhodi aceliwe; uma wenqatshwa, ungafaka isikhalazo noma ubuze mayelana nokukhishwa okukhethekile okungenzeka.

Ukuhlehliswa kusho ukuthi i-AME ithumela ifayela lakho ku-FAA ukuze libuyekezwe kabanzi. I-FAA iphawula nokuthi abashayeli bezindiza abangahlangabezani nezindinganiso zezokwelapha bangase bafaneleke ngaphansi kwemibandela ekhethekile yokukhishwa noma inqubo yokukhululwaAbafundi abanenkinga yomzimba bangathola isitifiketi esisebenzayo amalungelo okushayela indiza abafundi kuphelaNgemva kokuhlangabezana nezidingo nokukhombisa ukusebenza okuphephile, bangathola iSitatimende Sekhono Elibonisiwe (i-SODA).

Uma unesifo, umuthi, noma isenzakalo esidlule ocabanga ukuthi singabaluleka, khuluma ne-AME ngaphambi kokufaka ifomu le-MedXPress, futhi ungashiyi lutho ngaphandle kwesicelo. ukungafaneleki kwesigaba sokuqala kukusiza ukulungiselela imibuzo yaleyo ngxoxo, kanye Umhlahlandlela wezimfuneko zezokwelapha ze-FAA zokuhlola ihlanganisa inqubo ebanzi.

Umbono wethu

Seluleka wonke umfundi ositshela ukuthi izindiza zinomgomo wokuthola ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okusezingeni eliphezulu ngaphambi kwesifundo sokuqala esikhokhelwayo, futhi sikusho ngesizathu esingahlobene namaphepha. Isabelomali sokuqeqeshwa kwezindiza siwuhlelo, kanti ezokwelapha yisona sizathu esikulolo hlelo esingenakuxoxiswana ngaso, sixhaswe ngemali noma sithathwe kabusha ngokuthanda.

Abashayeli bezindiza abashesha kakhulu ngekharikhulamu akuvamile ukuthi babe yilabo abanesikhathi esiningi samahhala. Yibo abangenayo imibuzo engaxazululwanga: i-medical hand, ishejuli eyakhelwe phezu kwayo, kanye nohlelo olungalindi umhloli. Leso yisimiso sokuklama ngemuva kwe-academy yethu. Sine-Self Examining Authority, esivumela ukuthi senze ukuhlolwa kwe-FAA endlini, futhi izinhlelo zethu ze-Part 141 zakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi umfundi one-medical clean angathuthuka esuka ku-private pilot aye ku-ATP emahoreni angu-111 okuqeqeshwa kwendiza.

Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okusezingeni eliphezulu kuyindawo yokuqala yokuhlola yalowo mkhakha. Kwenze kusenesikhathi, kwenze nomhloli ofanele, bese konke okunye kohlelo kuba yindaba yokukwenza.

Rainer

Hlela ukuqeqeshwa kwakho ngesitifiketi esifanele

Uma ukwelashwa kwakho sekulungisiwe, umbuzo olandelayo ukuthi ungakushintsha ngokushesha nangokubikezelayo kangakanani kube isitifiketi sezentengiselwano. I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy iqeqesha abafundi base-US nakwamanye amazwe, inikeza ukwesekwa kwe-visa ye-M1, futhi iqondisa ukuhlolwa kwe-FAA ngaphakathi endlini nge-Self Examining Authority yayo, eyenzelwe ukunciphisa isikhathi sokulinda izivivinyo ezisebenzayo.

Uma ufuna isakhiwo sezindleko ongasihlela, i- Uhlelo Lwesikole Sendiza Yendiza Yentengo Engaguquki kubhalwe ku-$85,900 ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanti eyethu Uhlelo lwe-US Airline Pilot Career Programme kubhalwe ku-$49,950 ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ungaphequlula futhi umuntu ngamunye izifundo zokuqeqesha umshayeli, kusukela kumshayeli wendiza ozimele kuya kumshini wokusebenza, injini eziningi kanye ne-CFI.

Cela ithimba lethu lokwamukelwa ukuthi liqinisekise ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo, nokuthi yiliphi ikilasi lezokwelapha, elifanelana nendlela yakho ngaphambi kokuba ubhalise.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ngingakwazi yini ukuqeqesha ngezokwelapha zekilasi lesibili bese ngithuthukela ekilasini lokuqala kamuva?

Yebo. Noma yiliphi ikilasi lanele kumfundi oqhuba umshayeli wendiza, futhi ungafaka isicelo sesitifiketi sekilasi lokuqala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ingozi iwukuba isikhathi: uma kuvela isimo sokungafaneleki esivivinyweni esilandelayo, uzobe usutshale imali ekuqeqeshweni kuqala. Yingakho i-FAA incoma abafundi abahlela umsebenzi wokuhweba ukuthi bafake izicelo zekilasi eliphakeme kakhulu abangalidinga.

Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okusezingeni eliphezulu kungivumela ukuthi ngindize njengomshayeli wendiza wezohwebo?

Yebo. Isitifiketi sezinga eliphezulu sihlanganisa amalungelo ezigaba eziphansi. Ngemisebenzi yezentengiselwano, isitifiketi sezinga lokuqala siphathwa njengesesigaba sesibili, futhi sisebenza izinyanga eziyi-12 zekhalenda kuleyo misebenzi ngaphansi kwe-14 CFR 61.23.

Kungani ukwelashwa kwami ​​​​kwesigaba sokuqala kuphelelwa yisikhathi ngokushesha ngemva kweminyaka engama-40?

Lo mthetho ufinyeza isikhathi semisebenzi yomshayeli we-ATP ophethe kusukela ezinyangeni eziyi-12 kuya kweziyi-6 zekhalenda kubashayeli bezindiza abaneminyaka engama-40 noma ngaphezulu esivivinyweni. Isitifiketi asinyamalali. Siyayeka ukusebenza futhi sihlala sisebenza kumalungelo ekilasi lesibili bese kuba amalungelo ekilasi lesithathu ngezikhathi zabo.

Ingabe ukwelashwa kwesigaba sesibili kudinga i-EKG?

Cha. Ngokusho kwe-FAA, i-EKG iyadingeka esivivinyweni sekilasi lokuqala uma uneminyaka engu-35 futhi minyaka yonke ngemva kweminyaka engu-40, futhi ayidingeki ekilasini lesibili noma lesithathu. Umhloli wakho usengakwazi uku-oda izivivinyo uma umlando wakho udinga ukuthi zenziwe.

Ingabe i-FDA Class I kanye ne-Class II ziyafana nalezi zokwelapha?

Cha. Isigaba I, II kanye ne-III se-FDA sichaza izigaba zokulawula izingozi zamadivayisi ezokwelapha. Izitifiketi zezokwelapha zokuhlola zikhishwa yi-FAA ngaphansi kwesigaba 67 se-CFR esingu-14 futhi zihlukaniswa njengezokuqala, ezesibili nezesithathu.

Imithombo

• 14 CFR 61.23, Izitifiketi zezokwelapha: Isidingo kanye nobude besikhathi (eCFR)
• I-FAA: Uma kudingeka, yiliphi uhlobo lwesitifiketi sezokwelapha umfundi wendiza okufanele abe naso?
• Umhlahlandlela we-FAA wabaHloli bezokwelapha bezindiza: Amakilasi ezitifiketi zezokwelapha
• I-FAA: Ukuhamba Ngendlela Yendiza Yezokwelapha
• I-FAA: Ngisithola kanjani isitifiketi sezokwelapha nokuthi yini engingayilindela
• I-FAA AIP ENR 1.15: Amaqiniso Ezokwelapha Abashayeli Bezindiza
• Incwadi Yolwazi Lwezindiza Yomshayeli Wendiza, Isahluko 17

Kunconywe

• 1st Class FAA Medical Certificate: Konke Odinga Ukukwazi Ukuze Usithole
• I-FAA Medical Certificate: Konke Odinga Ukukwazi - #1 Ultimate Guide
• Izidingo Zesitifiketi Sezokwelapha ze-FAA: #1 Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wabashayeli Bezindiza
• I-FAA Medicals Ilula Kunokuba Ucabanga: Yini Ongayilindela Ngesikhathi Sokuhlolwa Kwakho