Isingeniso se-Boeing 737 kanye ne-737 max
Indaba yendiza yezentengiselwano ayiphelele ngaphandle kokuthi kukhulunywe nge-Boeing 737. Njengendiza yezentengiselwano ephumelele kakhulu emlandweni wezokundiza, i-Boeing 737 inomlando othakazelisayo kanye nekusasa elijabulisayo ngokulinganayo. I Boeing 737 kube ngumgogodla wemizila emifushane kuya kwemaphakathi kusukela endizeni yayo yokuqala ngo-1967, iletha ukwethembeka okuvelele, ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo zokusebenza.
Le ndiza ayigcinanga ngokushintsha amandla okuhamba ngendiza kodwa nemboni yonkana, ibeka izindinganiso ezintsha kwezokundiza kwezentengiselwano. Impumelelo ye-Boeing 737 ingabangelwa ukuqamba kwayo okusha okuqhubekayo, ukweqa imingcele, kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziguqukayo zezinkampani zezindiza nabagibeli ngokufanayo.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umndeni wakwaBoeing 737 ukhule ngokwethulwa kwe-737 Max. Lokhu okuhlukile kuthembisa ukusebenza okuphezulu, ukukhuphuka kwebanga, kanye nokunethezeka kwabagibeli okuthuthukisiwe, kuphinde kubonise ukuzibophezela kwe-Boeing ekusunguleni nasekusebenzeni kahle.
Ukuthuthukiswa ngokomlando kwe-Boeing 737
Uhambo lwe-Boeing 737 lwaqala maphakathi nawo-1960, ekuqaleni lwaluklanyelwe ukuhambisana nochungechunge olukhulu lwe-707 kanye ne-727. Imodeli yokuqala, i-737-100, yenza indiza yayo yokuqala ngo-Ephreli 9, 1967, futhi yethulwa emisebenzini yezohwebo yiLufthansa ngasekupheleni kwalowo nyaka.
Kuyo yonke le minyaka, i-Boeing 737 iye yathuthukiswa kaningana, okuholele ekusungulweni kwe-Classic, Next Generation (NG), kanye nochungechunge lwakamuva lwe-Max. Uchungechunge ngalunye lunikeze ukuthuthuka ngokwebanga, ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli, nokunethezeka kwabagibeli, okuqinisekisa ukuhlobana kwalo embonini eshintsha ngokushesha.
I-737 Max, isizukulwane sesine nesakamuva se-737, yaqala ukuvela ngo-2017. Kodwa-ke, ibhekane nokuhlehla okuphawulekayo ngezingozi ezimbili ezibulalayo eziholela ekusekelweni kwayo emhlabeni jikelele. Naphezu kwalokhu, i-Boeing isebenze ngokungaphezi ukuze ibhekane nezinkinga futhi ibuyisele i-Max enkonzweni, igcizelela ukuzibophezela kwayo ekuphepheni nasekuthembekeni.
Ukuqhathanisa iBoeing 737 neBoeing 737 Max
Uma uqhathanisa i-Boeing 737 kanye ne-737 Max, umuntu kufanele aqonde ukuthi i-Max iyinguqulo entsha ye-737. Iqhosha ngezithuthukisi eziningana ngaphezu kwamamodeli amadala, okuhlanganisa izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, i-aerodynamics ethuthukisiwe, kanye nekhabhinethi eklanywe kabusha yokwandisa ukunethezeka kwabagibeli.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo kweMax izinjini zayo. Izinjini ze-CFM LEAP-1B zinikeza ukuthuthukiswa ngo-14% ekusebenzeni kahle kukaphethiloli uma kuqhathaniswa nesizukulwane sangaphambilini, okwenza i-737 Max ibe yindlela ephumelelayo yomnotho ezinkampanini zezindiza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iMax inikezela ngebanga elinwetshiwe elingafika ku-3,850 nautical miles, uma kuqhathaniswa no-3,000 nautical miles wengaphambi kwayo, sibonga ukusebenza kahle kwayo kukaphethiloli namandla amakhulu kaphethiloli. Lobu bubanzi obunyukile buvula amathuba emizila emisha ezinkampanini zezindiza, ikakhulukazi emizileni ethatha uhambo olude, enesidingo esiphansi.
Indima ye-Boeing 737 ezindizeni zezindiza zesifunda
I-Boeing 737 isishintshe umdlalo ezinhlanganweni zezindiza zesifunda. Ngokusebenza kwayo ngendlela eyisimanga kuphethiloli, ukuguquguquka kokusebenza, kanye namandla okuthwala inani elikhulu labagibeli, i-737 yenze izinkampani zezindiza zezifunda zakwazi ukwandisa amanethiwekhi azo futhi zithuthukise inzuzo.
Amandla we-737 okusebenza emigwaqweni emifushane yezindiza avumele izindiza zesifunda ukuthi zisebenzele izikhumulo zezindiza ebezingafinyeleleki ezindizeni ezinkulu phambilini. Lokhu kuye kwavula izimakethe ezintsha, okuhlinzeka ngezinketho zokuhamba ezengeziwe kubagibeli nokudala amathuba okukhula komnotho wesifunda.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwethembeka kwe-737 kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza kwenze kwaba inketho ekhangayo ezinkampanini zezindiza zesifunda. Njengoba kunezinkinga ezimbalwa zokunakekela kanye nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphansi, i-737 yehlisa zonke izindleko zokusebenza, okunomthelela empilweni yezezimali yalezi zinkampani zezindiza.
Ukuqonda i-Boeing 737 Captain flows kanye ne-Boeing 737 First Officer Flows
Ukugeleza kukaKaputeni we-Boeing 737 kanye nokugeleza kwe-First Officer kubhekisela ekulandeleni kwezenzo okufanele abasebenzi basesiteji sendiza bazenze phakathi nezigaba ezahlukene zendiza. Lokhu kugeleza kuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imisebenzi edingekayo iqedwa ngendlela ehlelekile, ethuthukisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle.
Ukugeleza kukaKaputeni ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa imisebenzi efana nokugcwalisa uhlu lokuhlola ngaphambi kokundiza, ukumisa uhlelo lokuphatha indiza, kanye nokuxhumana nokulawulwa kwethrafikhi yendiza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhamba koMphathi Wokuqala ngokuyinhloko kuhilela ukusiza uKaputeni, ukuqapha izinhlelo zendiza, nokuphatha ukuxhumana komsakazo.
Lokhu kugeleza kuyingxenye yokusebenza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kwendiza. Abaqinisekisi kuphela ukuthi yonke imisebenzi edingekayo iyaqedwa kodwa futhi basiza ukusabalalisa umthwalo phakathi kwezisebenzi, okuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwendiza sekukonke.
Ihlola isivinini kanye namandla okuphakama kwe-Boeing 737
I-Boeing 737 idume ngamakhono ayo ejubane nokuphakama. Ngejubane elikhulu lokuhamba ngomkhumbi elingu-0.79 Mach (cishe u-585 mph), i-737 inikeza izikhathi zokuhamba ezisheshayo, okuyenza ibe ilungele imizila emifushane ukuya emaphakathi.
Uma kukhulunywa ngobude, i-737 ingafinyelela endaweni ephakeme kakhulu ye-cruise engamamitha angama-41,000. Leli khono lokuphakama okuphezulu livumela indiza ukuthi indize ngaphezu kweziphazamiso eziningi zesimo sezulu, inikeze abagibeli ukugibela okushelelayo nokunciphisa ukubambezeleka okuhlobene nesimo sezulu.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isivinini sangempela sohambo kanye nokuphakama kwendiza ethile kungahluka kuye ngezici ezifana nesisindo sendiza, izimo zezulu, neziqondiso zokulawulwa kwethrafikhi yendiza.
Umthamo wabagibeli be-Boeing 737
Enye yezinto ezibalulekile ezinomthelela empumelelweni ye-Boeing 737 umthamo wayo wabagibeli. Ngokuya ngemodeli ethile kanye nokucushwa kwekhabhinethi, i-737 ingakwazi ukuhlalisa abagibeli abaphakathi kuka-85 no-215.
I-737-100 yasekuqaleni yayinomthamo wabagibeli abangu-85 kuya ku-130, kanti i-737 Max 10 yakamuva ingathwala abagibeli abangafika ku-215 ekucushweni kwesigaba esisodwa. Lo mthamo ophezulu wenza i-737 inketho engabizi kakhulu ezinkampanini zezindiza, njengoba izindleko zesihlalo ngasinye ziyancipha njengoba abagibeli abaningi begibele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, idizayini yekhabhinethi ye-737 ibeka phambili ukunethezeka kwabagibeli, enezici ezinjengemigqomo emikhulu engaphezulu, ukukhanya okuthuthukisiwe, nengaphakathi elithule. Lokhu kugxila ekunethezekeni kwabagibeli, kuhlanganiswe namandla ayo aphezulu, kwenza i-737 ibe yintandokazi phakathi kwezinkampani zezindiza nabagibeli ngokufanayo.
Amahabhu amakhulu e-Boeing 737 U.S. kanye nezindiza zesifunda
I-Boeing 737 isebenza ezindaweni eziningi zase-U.S. nezindiza zesifunda. Amahabhu amakhulu ase-U.S. afana ne-Atlanta, Chicago, ne-Dallas abona inombolo ebalulekile yezindiza ezingama-737 nsuku zonke, ezinikezela ngemizila yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe.
Izindiza zesifunda ezifana I-Southwest Airlines futhi Alaska Airlines sebenzisa imikhumbi ebanzi yama-737s. Kulezi zinkampani zezindiza, ukusebenza kahle kwe-737, ukwethembeka, namandla abagibeli kuyenza ibe indiza ekahle yokusebenza kwayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono le-737 lokusebenza ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezincane livumele izindiza zesifunda ukuthi zandise amanethiwekhi azo, zifinyelele izindawo eziningi futhi zinikeze abagibeli abaningi. Lokhu kuye kwadlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni kwezindiza zesifunda e-U.S.
Ukubaluleka kwe-Boeing 737 yezindiza zomhlaba wonke
Isicelo se-Boeing 737 sidlulela ngale kwe-U.S., ngamakhulu ezinkampani zezindiza emhlabeni wonke ezisebenzisa le ndiza. Ukusuka e-Europe kuya e-Asia, i-737 iyinto evamile ezikhumulweni zezindiza, ihlinzeka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene nezimakethe.
Ezinkampanini zezindiza zomhlaba wonke, i-737 inikeza inhlanganisela ephoqelelayo yokusebenza kahle, ukuguquguquka, namandla. Ikhono layo lokusebenza ngokunenzuzo kuyo yomibili imizila yohambo olufushane noma oluphakathi, kuhambisana nezindleko zayo zokusebenza eziphansi, kuyenza ibe yimpahla ebalulekile kunoma iyiphi inkampani yezindiza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza okuqinile kwe-737 ezimeni zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene - kusukela ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezishisayo neziphezulu kuya ekusebenzeni kwesimo sezulu esibandayo - kuthuthukisa nakakhulu ukukhanga kwayo. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwenze i-737 yaba ukukhetha okudumile phakathi kwezinkampani zezindiza emhlabeni wonke, okunomthelela esimweni sayo njengendiza yezentengiselwano ethengiswa kakhulu emlandweni.
Imininingwane enemininingwane ye-Boeing 737 yobuchwepheshe
I-Boeing 737 iyisimangaliso sobunjiniyela, ingxenye ngayinye yakhelwe futhi yakhiwe ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu. Nazi ezinye zezici ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe ze-737:
- Ubude: Buhluka phakathi kuka-102 ft (737-100) kuya ku-143 ft (737 Max 10)
- I-Wingspan: 93 ft (737-100) kuya ku-118 ft (737 Max 9 & 10)
- Ubude: 37 ft
- Isisindo Sokusuka Esikhulu: Ububanzi busuka ku-110,000 lbs (737-100) ukuya ku-194,700 lbs (737 Max 10)
- Isivinini sokuhamba ngomkhumbi: 0.79 Mach
- Ubukhulu be-Cruise Altitude: 41,000 ft
- Ububanzi: 1,540 nautical miles (737-100) kuya ku-3,850 miles miles (737 Max 8)
Lezi zicaciso ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwamamodeli ahlukene, okubonisa ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa okwenziwe i-737 eminyakeni edlule.
I-Boeing 737 uhla nezinjini
Enye yamandla abalulekile eBoeing 737 ububanzi bayo. Ngokuya ngemodeli, i-737 inobubanzi obuphakathi kuka-1,540 no-3,850 wamamayela we-nautical. Lolu hlu olubanzi lwenza i-737 ifanelekele izindlela ezihlukahlukene, kusukela kuma-hops amafushane asekhaya kuya ezindizeni ezinqamula amazwekazi.
Uhla lwe-737 lwenziwa lwenziwa yizinjini zalo ezisebenza kahle. I-737-100 yasekuqaleni inikwe amandla yi-Pratt & Whitney JT8D izinjini, kuyilapho i-737 Max yakamuva inezinjini ze-CFM LEAP-1B ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Lezi zinjini azihlinzeki nje ngomgudu odingekayo wokundiza kodwa futhi zifaka isandla ekwenzeni uphethiloli we-737, ehlise izindleko zokusebenza kwezinkampani zezindiza.
Izindiza ze-Boeing 737: Ukubhekisisa
Ama-avionics e-Boeing 737 ayingxenye ebalulekile yokusebenza kwendiza. Lezi zinhlelo, ezihlanganisa indlela yokuhamba, ukuxhumana, nezinhlelo zokulawula indiza, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwendiza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle.
Ku-737 Max yakamuva, ama-avionics athuthukiswe kakhulu. I-cockpit inezibonisi ezinkulu, ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu ezinikeza abashayeli bezindiza umbono obanzi wezinhlelo zendiza kanye nedatha yendiza. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuqwashisa ngezimo futhi kusiza ekwenzeni izinqumo.
Ukwengeza, i-Max inesistimu yokuphatha indiza ethuthukisiwe ethuthukisa umzila, ethuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli, futhi enciphise umsebenzi womshayeli. Lezi ntuthuko zibonisa ukuzibophezela kwe-Boeing ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza.
Isilinganiso sohlobo lwe-Boeing 737: Ihlanganisa ini
I-Boeing 737 isilinganiso sohlobo iyisitifiketi esivumela umshayeli wendiza ukuthi asebenzise i-737. Lesi silinganiso sitholwa ngemva kokuqeda uhlelo lokuqeqesha olubanzi oluhlanganisa isikole saphansi, ukuqeqeshwa kwesilingisi, kanye nokugibela isheke.
Isikole esiphansi sihlanganisa izici ezahlukahlukene zezinhlelo ze-737, ukusebenza, kanye nezinqubo eziphuthumayo. Lokhu kulandelwa ukuqeqeshwa kwesifanisi, lapho abashayeli bezindiza benza imisebenzi evamile neyezimo eziphuthumayo endaweni engokoqobo. Isilinganiso sohlobo sifinyelela umvuthwandaba ngokugibela isheke, lapho kuhlolwa khona ulwazi namakhono omshayeli wendiza.
Ukuthola isilinganiso sohlobo lwe-737 impumelelo ebalulekile yanoma yimuphi umshayeli wendiza, omele izinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe kanye nekhono ekusebenziseni le ndiza eyinkimbinkimbi.
Inqubo yokuqasha umshayeli we-Boeing 737
Inqubo yokuqasha abashayeli bezindiza be-Boeing 737 ngokuvamile ibandakanya izigaba ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukubuyekezwa kwesicelo, inhlolokhono, nokuhlola okulingisa. Izinkampani zezindiza zibheka amakhandidethi anesizinda sezindiza esiqinile, irekhodi elihlanzekile lokuphepha, namakhono amahle kakhulu okusebenzelana nabantu.
Uma sebeqashiwe, abashayeli bezindiza abasha bangena ohlelweni olubanzi lokuqeqeshwa ukuze bazijwayeze nezinhlelo nokusebenza kwe-737. Lokhu kuhlanganisa isikole saphansi, ukuqeqeshwa kwesilingisi, nokuqeqeshwa komugqa, lapho abashayeli bezindiza abasha bendiza khona nokaputeni abanolwazi ezindizeni zangempela.
Ukuba umshayeli wendiza i-737 kuwuhambo oluyinselele kodwa oluzuzisayo, olunikeza ithuba lokundiza elinye lamajethi ezentengiselwano aphumelele kakhulu emlandweni.
Ikusasa le-Boeing 737 ne-737 Max
Uma sibheka ikusasa, i-Boeing 737 kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokudlala indima ebalulekile kwezokundiza kwezentengiselwano. Naphezu kwezinselelo i-737 Max ebhekene nazo, i-Boeing izimisele ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga futhi ibuyisele ukuzethemba endizeni.
Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-737 Max, ukukhuphuka kwebanga, kanye nokunethezeka kwabagibeli okuthuthukisiwe kuyenza ibe inketho ekhangayo ezinkampanini zezindiza, okuthembisa ikusasa eliqhakazile kulokhu kuphindaphindwa kwakamuva komndeni wakwa-737.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Boeing iyaqhubeka nokutshala imali kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha ukuze ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle, ukwethembeka, nokusebenza kwemvelo kwe-737. Lokhu kuzibophezela ekwenzeni ngcono okuqhubekayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-737 izohlala ihamba phambili kwezokundiza kwezentengiselwano iminyaka eminingi ezayo.
Isiphetho
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo ngeminyaka yawo-1960 kuya ochungechungeni lwakamuva lwe-Max, i-Boeing 737 ibe wuphawu lokuqamba izinto ezintsha, ukwethembeka, kanye nempumelelo. Ukuguquguquka kwayo, ukusebenza kahle, nomthamo wabagibeli kuye kwayenza yaba intandokazi phakathi kwezinkampani zezindiza nabagibeli ngokufanayo, okulolonge indawo yezindiza zezentengiselwano.
Naphezu kokubhekana nezinselele, ikusasa le-737 libukeka lithembisa, lisekelwa ukuzibophezela kwe-Boeing kwezokuphepha, ukusebenza, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Njengoba sibheke phambili ekusaseni, yinye into eqinisekile: i-Boeing 737 izoqhubeka indizela phezulu, ithwele abagibeli ibayisa ezindaweni abaya kuzo ngokwethembeka nokusebenza kahle okufanayo okuyenze yaba yinganekwane embonini yezindiza.
Njengoba siphetha ukungena kwethu ngokujulile ku-Boeing 737 ne-737 Max, sikumema ukuthi uqhubeke nokuhlola umhlaba othakazelisayo wezokundiza nathi. Hlala ubukele ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe, ukuhlaziya, nezingxoxo mayelana nezitayela nentuthuko yakamuva yemboni.
I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy iqeqeshe izinkulungwane zabashayeli bezindiza banamuhla abashayela i-Boeing 737 kanye ne-737 max ezindizeni zesifunda ezifana ne-Southwest Airlines noma i-Alaska Airlines.
Xhumana nathi noma shayela i-Florida Flyers Team ku +1 904 209 3510 ukuze ube umshayeli wendiza ophumelele oqinisekisiwe.
