Ukuhamba emoyeni kwanamhlanje kuxhomekeke kwiinkqubo ezichanileyo nezinokuthenjwa ukuze zikhokele inqwelo-moya ngokukhuselekileyo kwimigama emide. Enye yezona nkqubo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwinqwelomoya yi-VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR), uncedo lokuhamba ngerediyo olusekwe emhlabeni olubonelela abaqhubi beenqwelomoya ngolwazi olubalulekileyo lwesikhokelo.
Izikhululo ze-VOR zimi ehlabathini lonke, zidlulisela imiqondiso evumela inqwelo-moya ukuba imisele iibheringi zazo xa zithelekiswa nesikhululo. Le teknoloji ibe yinxalenye ephambili Ukulawulwa kwezithuthi zomoya kunye nokukhangela amashumi eminyaka, ukunceda abaqhubi beenqwelo moya bagcine ulungelelwaniso lwekhosi oluchanekileyo, baphumeze iinkqubo zokubhabha kwesixhobo, kwaye uhambe ngokukhuselekileyo kwindawo yomoya elawulwayo.
Nakuba GPS-based navigation iye yongamela ngakumbi, i-VOR ihleli iyinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokugcina i-backup kuphapho, iqinisekisa ukuthembeka naxa kukho ukucima kwesathelayithi okanye ukuphazamiseka komqondiso. Ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo i-VOR, amacandelo ayo, kunye nendlela ethelekisa ngayo neenkqubo zokuqukuqela zale mihla kubalulekile kubo bobabini abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kunye neenqwelomoya ezinamava.
Esi sikhokelo siya kuphonononga indlela esebenza ngayo i-VHF Omnidirectional Range, indima yayo kuphapho, uluhlu lwamaza, iingenelo, kunye nokuthelekiswa kwayo nobuchwephesha beGPS.
I-VHF i-Omnidirectional Range Navigation
I-VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) navigation yinkqubo yokukhangela yerediyo esekwe emhlabeni enceda abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba babone indawo yabo kunye nokugcina ulungelelwaniso lwekhosi oluchanekileyo. Isebenza phakathi kwebhendi ye- Very High Frequency (VHF), idlulisela imiqondiso esetyenziswa ngabamkeli beenqwelo-moya ukuseka ukuzala kwabo malunga nesikhululo esisisigxina esisezantsi.
Isikhululo ngasinye se-VOR sisoloko sikhupha imiqondiso emibini yonomathotholo: isiginali yereferensi kunye nesiginali ejikelezayo eguqukayo. Ngokuthelekisa umahluko wesigaba phakathi kwale miqondiso, inqwelo-moya inokumisela indawo ekuyo i-radial, elinganiswe ngeedigri ukusuka kwisikhululo se-VOR (0 ° ukuya ku-360 °). Oku kuvumela abaqhubi beenqwelomoya ukuba bahambe ngeendlela zomoya ezichazwe kwangaphambili okanye babhabhe ngqo ukuya okanye ukusuka kwisikhululo se-VOR ngokuchanekileyo.
Ngaphandle kokunyuka kokuhamba okusekwe kwi-GPS, i-VOR ihlala iyinkqubo ebalulekileyo kuphapho. Inika i-backup ethembekileyo yokukhangela kwimeko yokulahleka komqondiso weGPS okanye ukuphazamiseka. Abaninzi IMithetho yeFlight yesixhobo (IFR) iindlela kunye neenkqubo zokufikelela zisaxhomekeke kwi-VOR, iyenza ibe yeyona nto iphambili kulawulo lwale mihla lwendlela yokuhamba emoyeni kunye noqeqesho lokulinga.
Isebenza Njani i-VHF ye-Omnidirectional Range?
Inkqubo ye-VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) isebenza ngokusasaza imiqondiso emibini yerediyo ngaxeshanye:
- Umqondiso weReferensi -Isiginali engaguqukiyo, eyi-omnidirectional efanayo kuwo onke amacala.
- Umqondiso oguquguqukayo – Isalathiso esijikelezayo esitshintsha isigaba ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ekuyo inqwelomoya xa kuthelekiswa nesikhululo seVOR.
Inqwelo-moya exhotyiswe nge-VOR receiver ibona zombini imiqondiso kwaye ithelekise umahluko wesigaba. Oku kumisela inqwelomoya i-radial (ethwele) esuka kwisikhululo se-VOR, evumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba bazi eyona cala baya ngakulo xa kuthelekiswa nesixhobo sokuhambisa umoya.
Umboniso wokukhangela wenqwelo-moya (Isiphawuli seMeko eHorizontal okanye iSalathi sokutenxa kwiKhosi) ngokubonakalayo simele olu lwazi, ubonisa ukuba ingaba inqwelomoya isendleleni, iphumile, okanye iphezu kwesikhululo ngokuthe ngqo.
I-VOR ibonelela ngokujonga ngendlela echanekileyo, ngaphakathi ±1° yempazamo, iyenza ibe yeyona nto ithembekileyo yoncedo lukanomathotholo olukhoyo. Inkqubo iluncedo ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zokufikelela, ukuhamba kwindlela yokuhamba, kunye nocwangciso lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi bayakwazi ukugcina iindlela ezichanekileyo zokubhabha kwimigama emide.
I-VHF ye-Omnidirectional Range Aviation
I-VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kurhwebo kunye nenqwelomoya ngokubanzi njengeyona ndlela iphambili yokuhamba. Iinkampani zeenqwelomoya, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, kunye nabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya babucala baxhomekeke kwizikhululo ze-VOR ukuseka iindlela zenqwelo-moya ezichanekileyo, ukuhamba ngeendlela zomoya, kunye nokuphumeza iinkqubo zokubhabha.
KwiMithetho yeFlight ye-Instrument (IFR) imisebenzi, izikhululo ze-VOR zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhokeleni inqwelomoya kunye neenqwelomoya ezichongiweyo ezaziwa ngokuba I-Victor airways (ngaphantsi kweenyawo ze-24,000) kunye neendlela ze-Jet (ngaphezu kweenyawo ze-24,000). Ezi ndlela zicwangcisiweyo ziqhagamshela izikhululo ze-VOR, zivumela iinqwelomoya ukuba zibhabhe kwiipaseji ezimiselwe kwangaphambili ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo.
I-VOR ikwaluncedo kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokubhabha:
Iinkqubo zokuHamba: Uninzi lweMigangatho yoTyeko lweSixhobo (SIDs) lubandakanya iindawo zendlela ezise-VOR ezinceda ukutshintshwa kwenqwelomoya ukusuka kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya ukuya kwindawo yomoya.
En-Route Navigation: Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya basebenzisa ii-radials ze-VOR ukumisela indawo abakuyo kwaye bahlale endleleni, beqinisekisa ukuhamba ngendlela echanekileyo kumgama omde.
Iinkqubo zokuSebenza: I-VOR isetyenziswa kwi iindlela ezingachanekanga, ukubonelela ngesikhokelo esisecaleni kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ngexesha lokuhla, ngakumbi kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya ezingenayo i-ILS (iNkqubo yokuHlaliswa kwesixhobo).
Ngelixa i-GPS-based navigation (RNAV kunye neRNP) iba ngumgangatho, i-VOR ihlala iyinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokugcina i-backup, iqinisekisa ukuphindaphinda kwimeko yokulahleka kwesignali ye-GPS okanye ukuphazamiseka.
I-VHF ye-Omnidirectional Range Diagram
A Idayagram yenkqubo ye-VOR ngokubonakalayo imele indlela izikhululo ze-VOR ezihambisa ngayo imiqondiso kunye nendlela iinqwelomoya ezifumana ngayo kwaye zitolike le miqondiso yokuhamba.
Amacandelo angundoqo weNkqubo ye-VOR
Isikhululo esisezantsi seVOR -Isidluliseli emhlabeni esikhupha imiqondiso emibini:
- A uphawu lwesalathiso oko kuyafana macala onke.
- A uphawu oluguquguqukayo ejikelezayo kwaye itshintshe isigaba ngokuxhomekeke kwicala.
I-Antenna ye-VOR kwiNqwelomoya – Ifumana imiqondiso egqithisiweyo.
VOR Umamkeli – Sibekwe kwinqwelo-moya, esi sixhobo sisebenzisa imiqondiso ukumisela iradial yenqwelomoya esuka kwisikhululo seVOR.
Isiboniso sokuHamba (CDI/HSI) - I-Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) okanye i-Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) ibonisa ukuba inqwelomoya isendleleni, ekhohlo kunjalo, okanye ekunene kunjalo.
Indlela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abazitolika ngayo iZalathi zesixhobo se-VOR
- Xa ulungelelaniswa kwi-VOR frequency, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bakhetha i-radial usebenzisa i-OBS (i-Omni-Bearing Selector).
- Inaliti ye-CDI ibonisa ukuba inqwelomoya ikwiradial ekhethiweyo okanye ukuba ifuna ukulungiswa kwekhosi.
- Isalathisi esithi TO/FROM sibonisa ukuba inqwelomoya ibhabha ibheke okanye ikude nesikhululo se-VOR.
Ukuqonda umzobo wenkqubo ye-VOR kubalulekile kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bafunda ukuhamba kwerediyo, njengoko inceda ukubona indlela inqwelo-moya emisela ngayo indawo kwaye ihlale endleleni isebenzisa imiqondiso esekwe emhlabeni.
VHF Omnidirectional Range Frequency
Inkqubo ye-VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) isebenza ngaphakathi kwebhendi ye-Very High Frequency (VHF), ngokukodwa ukusuka I-108.0 MHz ukuya kwi-117.95 MHz. Olu luhlu lwamaza omoya lunikezelwe kuhambo lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olucacileyo nolungenasiphazamiso phakathi kwezikhululo ezisezantsi ze-VOR kunye nabamkeli beenqwelo-moya.
Ukucazululwa kwee-VOR zokuSebenza rhoqo
- Iimpawu ze-VOR zithatha amaza phakathi 108.0 MHz kunye 117.95 MHz.
- Izishumi ezilinganayo (umz., 108.00, 108.05, 108.10 MHz) zigcinelwe i-ILS (Instrument Landing System) i-localizers, ngelixa i-frequencies eseleyo isetyenziselwa kuphela izikhululo ze-VOR.
Kukho ezintathu iintlobo zezikhululo ze-VOR, nganye inika iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza:
- Itheminali yeVOR (T-VOR) -Isetyenziselwa ukukhangela kufutshane nezikhululo zeenqwelomoya, ngaphakathi Iimayile ezingama-25 zolwandle (NM) ukuya kuthi ga 12,000 iinyawo.
- Ubude obuphantsi VOR (L-VOR) – Igubungela uluhlu lwe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40 NM, ngokuqhelekileyo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ukuya phezulu 18,000 iinyawo.
- Ubude obuphezulu VOR (H-VOR) -Ibonelela ngokuhamba kuluhlu olude, ukugubungela imigama ye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-130 NM kwindawo ephakamileyo.
Indlela iiNqwelo-moya eziThungela ngayo iMiqondiso ye-VOR kunye nokutolika iDatha yokuHamba
Ukusebenzisa i-VOR yokukhangela, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya:
- Lungelelanisa isamkeli se-VOR senqwelo-moya ukuya kumaza esikhululo esifunekayo.
- Qinisekisa isazisi sekhowudi yeMorse yesitishi ukuqinisekisa umqondiso ochanekileyo.
- Sebenzisa i-OBS (i-Omni-Bearing Selector) ukukhetha iradial kunye nokumisela indawo yenqwelo-moya xa ithelekiswa ne-VOR.
- Ukubeka iliso kwi-CDI (iSalathi sokuTenxa kwiKhosi) okanye i-HSI (iSalathi seMeko eHorizontal) ukujonga ukuba inqwelomoya isendleleni okanye ifuna ukulungiswa.
Ukuchaneka kweempawu ze-VOR kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana neemeko zomoya, izithintelo zomhlaba, kunye nokuphazamiseka komqondiso, kodwa kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo, i-VOR ibonelela ngokuchaneka kokuhamba ngaphakathi. ± 1 isidanga.
I-VHF yoluhlu lweenkalo zonke
Inkqubo ye-VOR iqulathe amacandelo amaninzi abalulekileyo asebenza kunye ukubonelela ngesikhokelo esichanekileyo sokuhamba kwinqwelomoya. Ezi zibandakanya oomatshini abasasaza abasemhlabeni, abamkeli abakwibhodi, kunye nezixhobo ze-cockpit ezitolika imiqondiso ye-VOR.
1. IziThuthi ze-VOR eziSekwe phantsi
Izikhululo ze-VOR zifakwe kwiindawo ezicwangcisiweyo kwihlabathi liphela, ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluqhubekayo lokuhamba ngendlela. Ezi zikhululo zisasaza:
- Umqondiso wesalathiso ofanayo kuwo onke amacala.
- Isignali ejikelezayo eguqukayo etshintsha isigaba ngokusekelwe kwicala.
Isikhululo ngasinye se-VOR sinesinye Isazisi sekhowudi yeMorse ukunceda abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya baqinisekise isignali echanekileyo phambi kokuba bayisebenzisele ukuhamba.
2. IiNqwelo-moya ze-VOR Receivers
Yonke inqwelo-moya exhotyiselwe ukuhamba ngesixhobo inomamkeli we-VOR oqhuba imiqondiso evela kwizikhululo eziphantsi. Aba bamkeli banquma umahluko wesigaba phakathi kwereferensi kunye neempawu eziguquguqukayo ukumisela iradial yenqwelomoya ukusuka kwisikhululo.
Ezinye iinqwelomoya zale mihla zikwadibanisa iiNkqubo zokuNavigation zeRadio (RNS) ezidibanisa i-VOR kunye ne-DME (iSixhobo sokuMela umgama) ukuphucula ukuchaneka kokuhamba.
3. Izixhobo zeCockpit zokuTolika kweVOR
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya basebenzisa izixhobo ezithile ze-cockpit ukutolika imiqondiso ye-VOR:
- Isalathisi sokutenxa kwiSifundo (CDI): Ibonisa ukuba inqwelomoya ikwiradial ekhethiweyo okanye ifuna ukulungiswa.
- Isalathisi soBume obuthe tye (HSI): Isixhobo esiphezulu ngakumbi esidibanisa ukuhamba kwe-VOR kunye nesalathisi sesihloko, esinika ulwazi olucacileyo lwemeko.
- I-Omni-Bearing Selector (OBS): Ivumela abaqhubi beenqwelo moya ukuba bakhethe iradial ukuya okanye ukusuka kwisikhululo seVOR.
4. Indima yeSixhobo sokuMela umgama (DME)
Izikhululo ezininzi ze-VOR zikwindawo enye kunye nee-DME transmitters, ezivumela inqwelomoya ukuba ibone umkhombandlela kuphela kodwa nomgama ukusuka kwisikhululo. I-VOR/DME iphucula ulwazi lokulinga imeko ngokubonelela zombini:
- Ulwazi lweradial (VOR) ukubonisa indlela.
- Umgama woluhlu olutyibilikayo (DME) ukulinganisa ukuba inqwelomoya ikude kangakanani na kwisikhululo seVOR.
Ezi zixhobo zenza i-VOR navigation ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokucwangcisa inqwelomoya, ukuhamba kwindlela yokuhamba, kunye neenkqubo zokufikelela, nanjengoko ubugcisa obutsha obunje ngeGPS busiya buxhaphaka.
Uluhlu lwe-VHF Omnidirectional vs GPS
Ingxoxo phakathi kwe-VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) kunye nokuhamba kwe-GPS kuye kwaqhubeka njengoko iteknoloji ye-aviation iqhubeka nokuguquka. Ngelixa i-GPS (i-Global Positioning System) iye yaluguqula uhambo lwale mihla ngokuchaneka kwayo okuphezulu kunye nokugutyungelwa kwehlabathi, i-VOR iseyeyona ncedo lubalulekileyo lokukhangela kwaye isebenza njengenkqubo yokugcina ethembekileyo kwimeko yokusilela okanye uphazamiseko lwe-GPS.
Iiyantlukwano eziphambili phakathi kwe-VOR kunye ne-GPS Navigation
| uphawu | vor | IGPS |
|---|---|---|
| Technology | Ukuhamba ngerediyo esekwe emhlabeni | Ukuma kwehlabathi kusekwe kwisathelayithi |
| ukuchaneka | Ngokwesiqhelo phakathi kwe ±1° | Kwiimitha ezimbalwa |
| Umyinge | Ilinganiselwe kuluhlu lwesikhululo se-VOR (ukuya kwi-130 NM ye-H-VOR) | Ukugubungela umhlaba |
| Ukuxhomekeka | Ngokuxhomekeke kwizithintelo zomhlaba kunye nokuphazamiseka komqondiso | Unokufumana ilahleko yomqondiso ngenxa yokusilela kwesathelayithi okanye ukuxinana |
| Indlela yokukhangela | Ukukhangela okusekwe kwiradial (inqwelomoya ilandela iradial ukuya/ukusuka kwisikhululo) | Ukukhangela ngokuthe ngqo kwe-Waypoint |
I-GPS inikezela ngokuchaneka okukhulu, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ivumela umzila othe ngqo kunye neendlela zokubhabha ezilungiselelwe ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, i-VOR isasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindlela zomoya ezicwangcisiweyo, ukukhangela i-terminal, kunye neenjongo zokugcina.
Kutheni iGPS ichaneke ngakumbi kodwa iVOR ihlala ibalulekile
- I-GPS ibonelela ngeendawo ezichanekileyo, ukuphakama, kunye nedatha yesantya, iyenza isebenze ngakumbi kukhangelo.
- I-VOR ayixhomekekanga kwiimpawu zesathelayithi, nto leyo eyenza ibe yinkqubo ethembekileyo enokuvela kwimeko yeGPS exinayo, icime, okanye uhlaselo lwekhompyutha.
- Abasemagunyeni abaninzi beenqwelomoya, kubandakanywa I-FAA kunye ne-EASA, gunyazisa ukuba inqwelomoya igcine i-VOR-based navigation izakhono zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwenqwelomoya ukuba iGPS ayifumaneki.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo kuzo zombini iiNkqubo kuPhapho lwale mihla
- I-GPS ivumela iindlela eziguquguqukayo, ezonga amafutha, ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kwiinqwelomoya.
- I-VOR ayichatshazelwa yiziphazamiso ezinxulumene nemozulu yendawo, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhambelanayo nangona iisathelayithi zifumana imiba.
- Iinkqubo zokuhamba komoya zexesha elizayo zinciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuthembela kwi-VOR, kodwa uninzi lweenqwelomoya ezindala kunye nabaqhubi bengingqi basathembela kwiindlela zomoya ezise-VOR.
Ngaphandle kokuhambela phambili kwe-GPS, izikhululo ze-VOR ziyaqhubeka ukusebenza njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yeziseko zophapho, ingakumbi kwiindlela ezingachanekanga, ukuqukuqela kwindlela, kunye noqeqesho lokulingwa.
Izinto eziluncedo kwi-VHF ye-Omnidirectional Range
Ngaphandle kokunyuka kwe-satellite-based navigation, i-VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) iyaqhubeka nokubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi ezenza zibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya.
1. Ukuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza okungaguqukiyo
I-VOR isebenza kwiziseko ezingundoqo ezisekelwe emhlabeni, iyenza ibe lula ukuphazanyiswa kwimiba enxulumene nendawo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesathelayithi, okanye izoyikiso ze-cyber. Ngokungafaniyo ne-GPS, enokubandezeleka ngenxa yokuthotywa komqondiso ngenxa yeemeko ze-atmospheric okanye ukuphazamiseka ngenjongo, iimpawu ze-VOR zihlala zizinzile kwaye ziqikelelwa.
2. Isebenza kuzo zonke iimeko zeMozulu
Imiqondiso ye-VOR ayichatshazelwa yimozulu, nto leyo evumela ulwalathiso lokuhamba ngendlela engaguquguqukiyo nakwizaqhwithi, imvula enkulu, okanye iimeko ezingabonakali kakuhle. Oku kwenza ukuba i-VOR ibe luncedo ngakumbi kwimimandla enemozulu embi rhoqo, apho iimpawu ze-GPS zinokuthi zibe semngciphekweni ngenxa yokubonakaliswa komqondiso okanye ukuphazamiseka kwe-atmospheri.
3. Ibonelela ngokuHamba ngokuNgqo ukuya kwisiKhululo
I-VOR yenza lula ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya ngokuvumela inqwelomoya ukuba ibhabhe ngqo okanye isuka kwisikhululo, iyenze ilungele iindlela zomoya ezakhiweyo kunye indawo yomoya elawulwayo. Oku kuluncedo kakhulu kwi:
- I-Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) indlela yokuhamba kwindlela.
- Ukubamba iipateni kunye neenkqubo zokufikelela kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya.
- Uqeqesho lomqhubi wenqwelomoya, njengoko i-VOR ifuna ukutolikwa kweempawu zokuhamba, ukuqinisa izakhono eziyimfuneko zokubhabha.
Ngelixa iinqwelomoya zala maxesha zitshintshela kuhambo oluSekwe kwiNtsebenzo (PBN) kunye neendlela ezisekelwe kwi-GPS, i-VOR ihlala isisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuhamba nge-backup, uqeqesho lomqhubi wenqwelomoya, kunye neendlela zomoya ezicwangcisiweyo, eziqinisekisa ulawulo olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo lwendlela yokuhamba emoyeni.
I-Antenna ye-VHF ye-Omnidirectional Range
I-antenna ye-VOR yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yothumelo olusekwe emhlabeni kunye nolwamkelo lomoya lweempawu ze-VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR). Uyilo lwe-eriyali, ukubekwa, kunye nokuqhelaniswa nayo kunempembelelo enkulu ekuchanekeni kunye nokuthembeka kwedatha yokukhangela efunyenwe yinqwelomoya.
Indima yee-Antenna ze-VOR ekugqithiseni nasekufumaneni imiqondiso
- Izikhululo ze-VOR ezisekwe emhlabeni zisebenzisa i-eriyali eziyilwe ngokukodwa ukuhambisa imiqondiso kwi-VHF frequencies phakathi 108.0 MHz kunye 117.95 MHz.
- Ezi-eriyali zivelisa umqondiso wesalathiso kunye nomqondiso wesigaba esiguquguqukayo, okuvumela iinqwelomoya ukuba zinqume ukuthwala kwazo kwisikhululo se-VOR.
- Ii-eriyali ze-VOR ezifakwe kwinqwelo-moya zifumana le miqondiso kwaye ziyithumele kumamkeli we-VOR okwibhodi, apho idatha icutshungulwa kwaye iboniswe kumqhubi wenqwelomoya.
Iindidi zee-Antenna ze-VOR ezisetyenziswa kwiiNqwelomoya kunye neZitishi ezisezantsi
I-Antennas ye-VOR esekelwe phantsi
- Ngokuqhelekileyo ibekwe kwiindawo ezicwangcisiweyo kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya okanye kwiindawo ezikude ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugqunywa komqondiso obanzi.
- Ulungiselelo lwe-eriyali oluqhelekileyo lwe-Doppler VOR (DVOR) luphucula ukuchaneka ngokunciphisa imiba yokubonakalisa umqondiso.
Ii-Antenna zeenqwelomoya ze-VOR
- I-Antenna ene-V (V-dipole). -Ifunyenwe kwinqwelomoya yenqwelomoya, ihlala ixhonywe kwi-stabilizer ethe nkqo.
- Blade okanye Fin Antenna -Iqhelekileyo kwinqwelomoya yorhwebo kunye neyothutho, eyenzelwe ukutsalwa kancinci.
- Idityaniswe VOR / LOC / GPS Antenna -Isetyenziswa kwinqwelomoya yanamhlanje ukudibanisa imisebenzi emininzi yokukhangela.
Njani abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abaLungisa Ulwamkelo lwe-VOR besebenzisa i-Antenna Positioning eyiyo
- Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba i-eriyali ye-VOR ilungelelaniswe ngokuchanekileyo ukunqanda ukuphazamiseka komqondiso, ngakumbi xa ibhankisha okanye ibhabha kwindawo enemiqobo yomhlaba.
- Ngexesha lenkqubo yokusondela, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya banokufumana ukuphazamiseka komqondiso we-VOR, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisezantsi okanye kufutshane nemimandla yeentaba.
- Ukuhlolwa rhoqo ukugcinwa kwee-eriyali ze-VOR kunye nabamkeli kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokuhamba kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yokhuseleko lokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya.
Ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwee-eriyali ze-VOR kunceda ukugcina ukukhangela okuchanekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inqwelomoya inokulandelela ngokufanelekileyo iiradials, isebenzise iindlela zesixhobo, kwaye ihambe ngendlela yomoya ngokuzithemba.
isiphelo
Inkqubo ye-VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) ibe sisiseko sokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya amashumi eminyaka. Njengoncedo lokuhamba ngonomathotholo olusekwe kumhlaba, i-VOR ibonelela abaqhubi beenqwelomoya ngolwazi olubalulekileyo lokuthwala, ivumela ukuhanjiswa kwendlela yomoya ecwangcisiweyo, ukulandelwa kwenqwelomoya ye-en-route, kunye nesikhokelo sokusondela.
Ngaphandle kokunyuka kokuthembela kwi-GPS-based navigation, i-VOR ihlala iyinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokugcina i-backups eqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwimeko yokulahleka komqondiso wesathelayithi okanye ukuphazamiseka. Iyaqhubekeka isetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yeenqwelo moya, uphapho jikelele, kunye noqeqesho lokulinga, ukuqinisa izakhono ezingundoqo zokuhamba kunomathotholo.
Njengoko ubuchwephesha bokuhamba ngenqwelomoya buguquka, iinkqubo zokuhamba emoyeni zitshintshela kwisathelayithi-based Performance-Based Navigation (PBN). Nangona kunjalo, abasemagunyeni ngeenqwelomoya basagcina izikhululo ze-VOR kwihlabathi liphela ukuze zibonelele ngokungasebenziyo kwimeko yokuphazamiseka kweGPS.
Kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya, ubuchule bokuhamba nge-VOR bubalulekile, nakwixesha leGPS. Ukuqonda indlela yokuthungela kwizitishi ze-VOR, ukutolika imiqondiso, kunye nokudibanisa i-VOR kunye neenkqubo zokukhangela zale mihla kuphucula ukhuseleko lokubhabha kunye nobuchule bokusebenza.
Ngokudibanisa i-VOR kunye ne-GPS, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokuqinisekisa ukuhamba okuchanekileyo nokuthembekileyo kuzo zonke iimeko zendiza, ukugcina imigangatho ephezulu yokhuseleko lwezithuthi zomoya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nokwenza uguqulo lwelayisensi yokulinga yangaphandle ngamanyathelo ama-4.
