ⓘ TL;DR
- Iitshathi zendlela zineendawo ezine ezahlukeneyo: umgca wengcaciso, umbono wesicwangciso, umbono weprofayili, kunye necandelo lezinto ezincinci. Nganye iphendula umbuzo owahlukileyo kwaye kufuneka ifundwe ngokulandelelana, kungekhona yonke ngaxeshanye.
- Qala rhoqo ngomgca wokwazisa. Iimvamisa, amanqaku enkqubo, kunye nemiyalelo yendlela engafanelekanga kufuneka ibekwe phambi kokuba ujonge imephu.
- Imbonakalo yesicwangciso ibonisa indlela esecaleni kuphela. Imbonakalo yeprofayili ibonisa imida ethe nkqo. Akukho namnye kubo oxelela ibali elipheleleyo lendlela.
- I-DA kunye ne-MDA azifani. Iindlela ezichanekileyo zikunika ukuphakama kwesigqibo ngaphandle kwethuba lesibini. Iindlela ezingachanekanga zikuvumela ukuba ubhabhe ufikelele kwinqanaba le-MDA ude ufikelele kwinqanaba elingafanelekanga.
- Yichaze kafutshane itshathi yendlela ngemizuzwana engamashumi amathandathu emhlabeni ukuze ibe yireferensi emoyeni, ingabi yiphazili oyisombululayo xa usihla emafini.
Isiqulatho
Eli nqaku alizukukunika olunye uluhlu lweempawu zetshathi yendlela omele uzikhumbule. Liza kukufundisa ulandelelwano lweenkcukacha olugcina abaqhubi bezixhobo ukuba bangaphoswa ziindawo eziphakamileyo, babhabhe kwindawo engafanelekanga, okanye baphule ubuncinci.
Uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bafunda iitshathi zendlela ngokufunda intsomi, ukuba ithetha ukuthini i-Maltan cross, indlela yokufunda i-localizer frequency, apho indawo yendlela ephosiweyo iphila khona. Olo lwazi luyimfuneko kodwa alwanelanga. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abenza iimpazamo phantsi koxinzelelo akubona abo balibeleyo ukuba ithetha ukuthini i-symbol. Ngabo abangazange baphuhlise umjelo wolwazi olucwangcisiweyo obamba iimpazamo ngaphambi kokuba zibe ziimpazamo.
Apha uza kufumana ulandelelwano oluphindaphindwayo lwengcaciso, ulandelelwano oluchanekileyo umqhubi wenqwelo moya ovavanywa ngesixhobo afunda ngalo itshathi yendlela ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi, ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene. Uza kufunda into ekufuneka uyijonge kuqala, into ekufuneka uyifunde ngokuvakalayo, kunye nendawo uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya abatsiba kuyo amanyathelo abiza imali. Ekugqibeleni, uza kubhala iitshathi zendlela ezimfutshane ngendlela abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abangaphoswayo ngumnxeba ngayo.
Oko Kukuxelelayo Ngeetshathi Zendlela Yokusebenza
Uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya lujonga iitshathi zendlela yokusebenza njengeengxelo ezimele zichazwe kwi-cockpit phantsi koxinzelelo lwexesha. Elo mvakalelo libuyela umva, itshathi sisixhobo sokwazisa esenzelwe ukufundwa ngokulandelelana okuthile ngaphambi kokuba injini iqale, kungekhona iphazili yokusombulula ngelixa uphepha amafu.
Itshathi nganye yenkqubo yendlela yokusebenzisa izixhobo, nokuba leliphi na ilizwe eliyipapashayo phantsi kwemigangatho ye-ICAO, ihlela ulwazi iindawo ezine ezahlukeneyo ezikhonza amanqanaba ahlukeneyo endlela. I-Plan View ibonisa indlela esecaleni ukusuka kwindawo yokuqala yokufika kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya. I-Profile View iguqulela loo ndlela esecaleni ibe yindlela ethe nkqo, ukuphakama, ii-engile zokuhla, kunye nokulungiswa kokuhla okugcina inqwelo-moya ikhuselekile kwimiqobo.
Icandelo leMinimums lilapho indlela iphila okanye ife khona. Lidwelisa iindidi zendlela, ukuphakama okuncinci okanye ukuphakama kwesigqibo, kunye neemfuno zokubonakala ezigqiba ukuba indlela ingagqitywa ngokusemthethweni na. Umzobo weSikhululo seenqwelo-moya ubonisa ukulungelelaniswa kwendlela yeenqwelo-moya, iinkqubo zokukhanyisa, kunye noqwalaselo lokukhanya kwendlela, isiqinisekiso sokugqibela sokuba indlela yeenqwelo-moya kwitshathi ihambelana nendlela yeenqwelo-moya kwifestile yemoto.
Ezi ndawo zine azibalulekanga ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izigaba zendlela. Impazamo kukuba ziphathwe njengoluhlu lokuhlola olufanele luskenwe endaweni yokuba zithathwe ngokulandelelana. Umqhubi ofunda iCandelo leMinimums ngaphambi koMbono weSicwangciso sele elahlekelwe yiploti, iMinimums ayithethi nto ngaphandle kokuqonda indlela ekhokelela kuzo.
Ulwakhiwo luhambelana kuzo zonke iitshathi zendlela ezipapashwe kwihlabathi liphela. Uqeqesho lokuzifunda ngokulandelelana ngokuchanekileyo lulo oluhlukanisa abaqhubi bezixhobo abaqhuba le nkqubo kwabo bayisukelayo.
Kutheni Ukukhumbula Iimpawu Kunganelanga
Ukwazi zonke iimpawu kwiitshathi zendlela kufana nokukhumbula oonobumba uze uzibize ngokuba ngumbhali weenoveli. Iimpawu ziyindlela yokubhala amagama, kodwa indlela echaza ngayo igrama ijika ibe libali elihambelanayo.
Uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bayawutsiba umgca wengcaciso ophezulu kwitshathi baze batsibele ngqo kumbono wesicwangciso. ii-navaids kunye nokulungiswa kwaye bacinge ukuba bayaqonda inkqubo. Into abayiphosayo yinkqubo yendlela ephosiweyo, utshintsho lwemvamisa, kunye nemida yokuphakama efihliweyo kumbhalo abawutyesheleyo.
Lo mkhwa usebenza kakuhle kwisimulator kunye nomqeqeshi wesigulana. Phantsi koxinzelelo, imozulu isondela kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya esingasiqhelanga, iyaphela. Umqhubi wenqwelo-moya oye watsiba umgca wengcaciso ufumanisa ukuba indlela ephosiweyo ifuna ukujika ukuya kwindawo ethile angazange ayibone. Isiphumo kukuba umqhubi wenqwelo-moya aphambuke okanye ajikeleze into ebekungafanele ukuba yenzeke.
I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy ifundisa ulandelelwano olucwangcisiweyo lweenkcukacha zayo ikhosi yokulinganisa izixhobo kuba lo mkhwa uthintela iimpazamo xa kubaluleke kakhulu. Abafundi bafunda ukufunda itshathi ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi, ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene, ngalo lonke ixesha. Ulandelelwano luba ngolwenzekelayo, olukhulula amandla okuqonda okubhabha indlela endaweni yokuchaza itshathi.
Umqhubi wenqwelo moya okhumbula imiqondiso kodwa angaze ayifunde indlela yokuqhuba ingcaciso, uphazamiso olulahlwa yimpazamo. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya obhala itshathi ngokulandelelana okufanayo ngalo lonke ixesha uye wakha ukhuselo kuloo ngxaki.
I-Briefing Strip: Ufundo lwakho lokuqala
Umcu omfutshane ophezulu kwiitshathi zendlela apho uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya benza khona impazamo yabo yokuqala. Bayayitsiba ngokupheleleyo, betsiba ngqo kumbono wesicwangciso kuba iimpawu zibonakala ziqhelekile. Loo mkhwa yiyo loo nto abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bephosa utshintsho lwefrikhwensi okanye babhabhe inkqubo engafanelekanga yendlela ephosiweyo, iimpazamo eziguqula indlela yesiqhelo ibe kukuphambuka kwepiloti.
Kufundwa i- umgca wenkcazelo yendlela Kwinkqubo ecwangcisiweyo, zibamba ezo mpazamo ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke. Amanyathelo amahlanu angezantsi lulandelelwano olufundiswa yiFlorida Flyers Flight Academy kwikhosi yayo yokulinganisa izixhobo, kwaye ayasebenza kuba inyathelo ngalinye linesiphumo ukuba liyaphunyezwa.
Chonga igama lenkqubo kunye nesikhululo seenqwelo-moya: Qinisekisa ukuba unetshathi echanekileyo yendlela yokuqhuba inqwelo moya kunye nohlobo lwendlela olindeleyo. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya ochaza inkqubo engalunganga kwisikhululo seenqwelo moya esintsonkothileyo njengeKJFK sele elahlekile indlela ngaphambi kokuba ayiqalise.
Jonga umhla kunye nemeko yohlaziyo: Iitshathi zendlela yokufikelela zihlaziywa rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezingama-28, kwaye itshathi ephelelwe lixesha inokubhekisa kwi-navaid engasebenziyo okanye ekuphakameni okutshintshileyo. Isikhokelo esipheleleyo malunga nokuchazwa kwetshathi yendlela yokufikelela sihlala siqala ngokuqinisekiswa kwemali ngenxa yesi sizathu.
Qaphela iifrequencies, inqaba, indlela, i-ATIS: Zibhale phantsi okanye uzibeke kwi-radio stack ngaphambi kokuba indlela iqale. Ukuzama ukufumana i-frequency ngexesha le-approach yokugqibela kukuphazamisa okukhokelela ekunyukeni kwe-height.
Funda ngokuvakalayo inkqubo yendlela ephosiweyo: Ukuthetha la mazwi kunyanzela ingqondo ukuba iqhubeke nokulandelelana kwezinto endaweni yokuzijonga. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya ojonga ngokuzolileyo umbhalo wendlela ephosiweyo udla ngokuphosa ukuphakama okanye ukujika xa indlela ephosiweyo ibhabha ngenene.
Qinisekisa utshintsho okanye ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuqala: Qinisekisa ukuba indlela esuka kwisakhiwo sendlela eya kwi-IAF iyafana naleyo inikwe yi-ATC. Ukungafani apha kuthetha ukuba umqhubi uqala indlela esuka kwindawo engalunganga, kwaye yonke iprofayili yokuhla iba yinto engasebenziyo.
Ukugqiba la manyathelo mahlanu ngaphambi kokuchukumisa umbono wesicwangciso, uguqula itshathi ukusuka kuxwebhu olubhekisayo ibe sisixhobo sokunika inkcazelo. Umqhubi owenza oku rhoqo ubamba iimpazamo emhlabeni endaweni yokuba zibonakale emoyeni.
Ukucacisa uMbono weSicwangciso Ngaphandle kokulahleka
Imbono yesicwangciso yinxalenye yetshathi abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abacinga ukuba bayayiqonda de babhabhe isilungiso esingafanelekanga. Ijongeka njengemephu ethe ngqo, kodwa ubuninzi bolwazi, ii-navaids, izilungiso, iipateni zokubamba, iindlela zokuphakela, kunye nesangqa sokuphakama esikhuselekileyo esincinci, kudala ukugqithiswa okubonakalayo okukhokelela kwiimpazamo zokukhangela xa kufundwa ngendlela engasebenziyo endaweni yokusebenza.
Ukulandelela yonke indlela ngomnwe ngaphambi kokuba ubhabhe ngumahluko phakathi kokwazi apho ukhoyo nokuqikelela apho ukhoyo. Qala kwindlela yokuqala yokulungisa uze ulandele yonke icandelo ukuya kwindlela yokugqibela yokulungisa. Misa kancinci kwindlela nganye yokulungisa uze uqinisekise igama layo ngokuchasene nomcu wolwazi. Esi senzo somzimba sokulandelela sakha imodeli yengqondo yendlela engenakuphindaphindwa kukujonga itshathi.
Abafundi beFlorida Flyers Flight Academy baziqhelisela le ndlela yokulandelela kwi-sim sessions ngaphambi kokuba babhabhe ngendlela ye-IFR. I-sim isusa uxinzelelo lwemozulu yokwenyani kwaye Unxibelelwano lwe-ATC, ukuvumela ingqondo igxile ngokupheleleyo ekwakheni ulwazi lwendawo malunga nendlela. Ngexesha abo bafundi bebhabha ngendlela yokwenyani, umbono wesicwangciso awusomephu ididayo, yindlela eyaziwayo abaye bayihamba izihlandlo ezilishumi elinesibini.
Isangqa esiphakamileyo esikhuselekileyo sesona sizathu sijongwa kakhulu ngabaqhubi beenqwelo moya baze bangasinanzi. Eso sangqa sichaza indawo ephezulu ngaphakathi kwerediyasi ethile yesikhululo seenqwelo moya. Ukungayinaki kuthetha ukwamkela umngcipheko wokubhabha ungene kwindawo ethile ngelixa uqhuba kwindawo yokulinda okanye ngexesha lokusondela okungafanelekanga. Yichaze kancinci. Yazi inombolo. Emva koko landela indlela.
Umbono wesicwangciso uvuza umqhubi wenqwelo moya osithatha njengolandelelwano olufanele lulandelwe, kungekhona umfanekiso ofanele ukubonwa. Umnwe ulandela indlela. Ingqondo iqinisekisa isicombululo ngasinye. Indlela iyaqikelelwa.
Umbono weProfayili: Iintaba ezikugcina ucacile
Imbonakalo yeprofayili kulapho iindlela zezixhobo zihlukana khona kubaqhubi beenqwelo moya abaziphatha njengomzobo wesalathiso endaweni yoluhlu lokuhlola ukuhla. Uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya lujonga imbonakalo yeprofayili ukuqinisekisa ukuphakama kokugqibela kwendlela, baze bangazihoyi izilungiso zokuhla ezigqiba ukuba zihlala ngaphezulu kwemiqobo okanye zehla ziye kumhlaba. Imbonakalo yeprofayili ayisiyongcebiso, sisivumelwano sokuphakama esibophelelayo phakathi komqhubi wenqwelo moya kunye nayo yonke into ephazamisayo endleleni.
Ukulungiswa kwe-Stepdown yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo ukufundwa kakubi kweli candelo. Ukulungiswa kwe-stepdown nganye kubonisa ukuphakama okuncinci okusebenza kuphela phakathi kokulungiswa kunye nolandelayo. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya owela ukulungiswa kokuqala kwe-stepdown kwindawo echanekileyo kodwa ehle kwangethuba ukuya kwindawo elandelayo ngaphambi kokufikelela kuloo ndawo uphule inkqubo. Umbono weprofayili udweba olu landelelwano ngokuthe nkqo, kodwa umqhubi wenqwelo moya kufuneka alufunde ngokuthe tye, efanisa ukuphakama ngakunye nokulungiswa kwalo okuthile kwisikali somgama.
Ukuphakama kwe-Glide slope intercept amounts kudala enye indawo yokusilela kwiindlela ezichanekileyo. Umbono weprofayili ubonisa ukuphakama apho inqwelo-moya kufuneka ithintele khona i-slope yokutyibilika, ngesiqhelo kwindawo yokugqibela. Ukuhla uye kwi-slope yokutyibilika ngaphambi kwelo nqanaba kuthetha ukubhabha ngaphantsi kwendlela epapashweyo. Ukunyuka ngaphezulu kwayo kuthetha ukuleqa inaliti ezantsi, nto leyo enyusa izinga lokuhla kwaye ibeka emngciphekweni indlela engazinzile. Umbono weprofayili unika ukuphakama kwe-intercept amount echanekileyo, umsebenzi womqhubi wenqwelo-moya kukuyibetha ngokuchanekileyo, kungekhona ukuyilinganisa.
Indawo yokuhla ebonakalayo kwiindlela ezingachanekanga sisigqibo sokugqibela sokuphakama ngaphambi kwendlela yokubaleka. Imbonakalo yeprofayili iphawula le ndawo apho umqhubi wenqwelomoya anokwehla ngaphantsi kokuphakama okuncinci kokwehla ukuba imeko yendawo yokubaleka iyabonakala. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abangawujongi lo mgama xa bejonga isicwangciso badla ngokuhla kwangethuba okanye kade kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kufike ngokukhawuleza okanye indlela engafanelekanga. Imbonakalo yeprofayili kunye nembonakalo yesicwangciso kufuneka zivumelane, enye ngaphandle kwenye ayiphelelanga.
Icandelo leMinimums: Apho Isigqibo Sihlala Khona
Icandelo lezinto ezincinci kulapho itshathi yendlela yokufikelela iyeka khona ukuba yimephu ize ibe yisivumelwano. Zonke iindidi zeenqwelo-moya, u-A, u-B, u-C, kunye no-D, zinesethi yazo yokuphakama okuncinci okanye ukuphakama kwesigqibo ngokusekelwe kwisantya sokufika. Inqwelo-moya yodidi A ebhabha ngaphantsi kwamaqhina angama-91 inokwehla ngaphantsi kwenqwelo-moya yodidi D etyhala amaqhina ali-165, kwaye abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abangawunakiyo lo mahluko basengozini yokubhabha ngendlela engaguqukiyo okanye baphule ngokupheleleyo imiqathango encinci.
Ubuncinane bendlela yokusondela ngokweCandelo leenqwelo-moya
Uhlalutyo lwendlela isantya sendlela esilawula ngayo ukuphakama (i-MDA/DA) kunye neemfuno zokubonakala kwitshathi eqhelekileyo.
| udidi | I-MDA / DA | Ukubonakala |
|---|---|---|
| A (ngaphantsi kwamaqhina angama-91) | I-MDA/DA esezantsi | Ukubonakala okuphantsi |
| B (91–120 amaqhina) | I-MDA/DA ephakathi | Ukubonakala okuphakathi |
| C (amaqhina ali-121–140) | I-MDA/DA ephezulu | Ukubonakala okuphezulu |
| D (141–165 amaqhina) | I-MDA/DA ephezulu | Ukubonakala okuphezulu |
Le theyibhile ityhila inyaniso elula: iinqwelomoya ezikhawulezayo zifuna indawo engakumbi yokujika, ukuze zifumane ubuncinci obuphezulu. Umqhubi wenqwelomoya oqhuba inqwelomoya yodidi C ochaza ubuncinci bodidi A uya kuzifumana engaphantsi kobude obupapashweyo ngaphandle kokujonga okubonakalayo, indlela eqinisekisiweyo yokufika okanye okubi nangakumbi. Chaza udidi oluhambelana nesantya sokufika kwenqwelomoya yakho, hayi le ubungathanda ukuba ube nayo.
Umzobo weSikhululo seenqwelo-moya: Uvavanyo lokugqibela ngaphambi kokuba ufike
The umzobo wesikhululo seenqwelo-moya Le candelo uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya abalijongayo baze balilahle, becinga ukuba sele beyazi indlela eya kuyo indlela yeenqwelo moya. Loo ngcinga yiyo kanye ebangela ukuba kubekho indawo engalunganga yokufika kweenqwelo moya kwizikhululo zeenqwelo moya ezintsonkothileyo ezineendlela zeenqwelo moya ezilinganayo ezilinganiswe ngeemitha ezimbalwa. Lo mzobo awuqinisekisi oko sele ukulindele, lithuba lokugqibela lokubamba ukungangqinelani phakathi kwemodeli yakho yengqondo nomphezulu wokwenyani.
Uyilo lwendlela yokuhamba kweenqwelo moya luyinto ecacileyo, kodwa umzobo ukwabandakanya uqwalaselo lwezibane zendlela, izihlonzi zendlela yokuhamba ngeenqwelo moya, kunye nokuphakama kwendawo yokufika. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya ochaza umzobo uyazi ukuba izibane zendlela zihamba nge-ALSF-2 okanye i-MALSR ngaphambi kokuba zehle ngaphantsi komlinganiselo ophantsi. Olo lwazi lutshintsha icebo lokufumana izinto ezibonakalayo kwindawo yokuphakama kwesigqibo.
Ukuphakama kwendawo yokuchukumisa kunye nokuphakama kwesikhululo seenqwelo-moya kuprintiwe kumzobo ngesizathu. Useto lwe-altimeter lubekwe kwindawo yokuchukumisa yesikhululo seenqwelo-moya, kodwa ukuphakama kwendawo yokuchukumisa kukuxelela ukuba imithambeka yendlela yokubaleka ingakanani. Umahluko weenyawo ezingama-50 phakathi kwezi zimbini uthetha ukuba umda awukho apho i-altimeter ilindele ukuba ube khona.
I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy ibandakanya iinkcazo zemizobo yesikhululo seenqwelo-moya kwisilabhasi yayo yoqeqesho lokuqhuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kuba ukufika kwindlela engalunganga kuyingozi enkulu kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya ezinzima. Abafundi bafundiswa ukulandelela indlela yeteksi ukusuka kwindlela yokufika ukuya kwindawo yokuma ngaphambi kokuba bafike, bakha umfanekiso wengqondo othintela ukudideka ngexesha lokuqaliswa. Lo mzobo luvavanyo lokugqibela ngaphambi kokuba kuqale uluhlu lokuhlola ukufika.
Umqhubi wenqwelo moya ongawuboniyo umzobo wesikhululo seenqwelo-moya ubheja ukuba indlela yeenqwelo-moya ayibonisileyo iyafana naleyo ayibonayo. Kwibala elineendlela ezintathu zeenqwelo-moya ezihambelanayo, loo bheja ayinamathuba mahle.
Yakha Umkhwa Wokubhala Ngaphambi Kokuba Uwufune
Iitshathi zendlela ziluncedo kuphela njengolandelelwano lwenkcazo oluphambi kwazo. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya owazi yonke imiqondiso kodwa engayilandeli indlela ecwangcisiweyo sele engenise umda wempazamo ekhokelela kwiindlela eziphakamileyo, iindlela ezingalunganga zokuhamba, okanye ukudideka kwendlela engafanelekanga.
Umahluko phakathi komqhubi wenqwelo moya oqhuba inkqubo ngendlela ecocekileyo nomntu ozama ngamandla ukuba aphile asikuko ulwazi, ngumkhwa. Ukubhala yonke itshathi ngokulandelelana okufanayo, ngalo lonke ixesha, nokuba kwimeko yokubona, kwakha indlela yemithambo-luvo eqala ngokuzenzekelayo xa umthwalo womsebenzi unyuka. Loo mkhwa yiwo othintela impazamo ngaphambi kokuba yenzeke.
Ziqhelise ukuhamba kwendiza rhoqo. Sebenzisa itshathi eprintiweyo okanye umboniso we-elektroniki kwaye uqhube ulandelelwano ngokuvakalayo. Lwenze lube lolwenzekelayo ngaphambi kokuba ulufune lube lolwenzekelayo. Bhalisa kwikhosi yokulinganisa izixhobo okanye ubhabhe ne-CFI eya kukugcina kumgangatho ude unamathele kumkhwa.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo Malunga neeTshathi zeNdlela
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwetshathi yendlela kunye nepleyiti yendlela?
Ziluxwebhu olufanayo, kwaye ipleyiti yendlela yokusebenza ligama elidala elingaphambi komgangatho wetshathi yanamhlanje. Igama elithi itshathi yendlela yokusebenza laba ngumgangatho xa i-FAA kunye neJeppesen badibanisa amagama abo ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, nangona uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya lusasebenzisa omabini la magama ngokutshintshana.
Zihlaziywa kangaphi iitshathi zeendlela zokusebenzisa indlela?
E-United States, i-FAA ipapasha iitshathi ezihlaziyiweyo rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezingama-28 kumjikelo osisigxina owaziwa ngokuba yishedyuli ye-AIRAC yeentsuku ezingama-56. Lo mjikelo uqinisekisa ukuba yonke itshathi kwinkqubo ibonisa imeko yamva nje ye-navaid, idatha yezithintelo, kunye notshintsho lwenkqubo ngaxeshanye kulo lonke i-airspace yesizwe.
Ndingasebenzisa iitshathi zeendlela kwithebhulethi?
Ewe, usetyenziso olufana neForeFlight kunye neGarmin Pilot lubonisa iitshathi zendlela ezisebenzayo ngokupheleleyo ezinee-geo-referenced position overlays zeenqwelo-moya. Ezi apps zikhuphela ngokuzenzekelayo uhlaziyo lwamva nje lwemijikelo yeentsuku ezingama-28 kwaye zivumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba babhale iitshathi ngqo kwiscreen ngexesha lokwaziswa.
Ithetha ukuthini i-MSA kwitshathi yendlela yokusebenza?
I-MSA imele i-Minimum Safe Altitude, eboniswa njengendawo ejikelezileyo egxile kwi-navaid ethile enika indawo evulekileyo ngaphakathi kwe-radius echaziweyo. I-MSA circle idla ngokugubungela i-radius yeemayile ezingama-25 kwaye yahlulwe yangamacandelo, ngalinye linokuphakama kwalo ngokusekelwe kumqobo ophezulu kuloo quadrant.
Ngaba kufuneka ndiqale ndifunde umgca wenkcazelo?
Ewe, umgca wokwazisa uqulethe amaza abalulekileyo, amanqaku enkqubo, kunye nemiyalelo yendlela engafanelekanga ekufuneka ibekwe kwaye iqondwe ngaphambi kokuba ijonge umbono wesicwangciso. Ukutsiba umgca wokwazisa kunyanzela umqhubi wenqwelo moya ukuba azingele idatha ebalulekileyo ngelixa ebhabha, apho kanye kufuneka kuqwalaselwe izixhobo.
