"Ndingaluqala nini uqeqesho lokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya oqeqeshiweyo?"
Lo ngumbuzo osoloko uvela phakathi kwabo batsha kushishino lwezophapho. Impendulo? “Alikho ixesha elingcono kunangoku.”
Ukuba iphupha lakho kukuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya oqeqeshiweyo, kubalulekile ukuqonda uhambo oluzayo. Indlela esuka kwi-novice ukuya kwi-aviator eqinisekisiweyo ibandakanya ukuzibophelela kwexesha elibalulekileyo, kwaye ngokukhawuleza uqalisa, uya kufutshane ekuphumezeni injongo yakho.
Ubude bexesha loqeqesho lwakho buya kwahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomgudu ozimisele ukuwutyala. Ukuba uzinikele kuqeqesho lwexesha elizeleyo lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, ungafumana okubalulekileyo izatifikethi zokulingwa kunye neereyithingi ngaphantsi konyaka.
Kwelinye icala, ukuba ukhetha uqeqesho lwesingxungxo—ukucudisa izifundo emva komsebenzi okanye ngeempela-veki—kusenokuthabatha iminyaka ukuphumeza ezo nkalo zibalulekileyo.
Ukukhetha ukuba loluphi uhlengahlengiso omawululandele kwaye kowuphi ulandelelwano ekugqibeleni luxhomekeke kwiinjongo zakho zobungcali. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya esele bephethe isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelomoya sabucala ngokwesiqhelo baqhubela phambili ngokulandela ukukala kwesixhobo okanye isatifikethi sokulinga urhwebo njengenyathelo labo elilandelayo.
Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba nguPilot oyiNgcali
Okokuqala, makhe sicacise ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ngokwenene ukuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya oqeqeshiweyo. Kubantu abaninzi abasandul’ ukufika kwinqwelo-moya, ibinzana elithi “umqhubi wenqwelo-moya oyincutshe” linika umfanekiso-ngqondweni wabaphathi beenqwelo-moya abanxibe iyunifomu ecocekileyo. Kwabanye, kuthetha nje ukuhlawulwa ngokubhabha.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya oqeqeshiweyo kudlulela ngaphaya kokubamba izatifikethi ezimbalwa okanye iiyure zokungena ngenqwelomoya. Ubungcali bokwenene sisimo sengqondo—imbonakaliso yesimo sengqondo sikabani, isimilo nokuzinikela kumsebenzi wobugcisa.
Ngexesha loqeqesho lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, abafundi bakhunjuzwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngemigangatho ekufuneka bahlangabezane nayo ukuze baphumelele iimvavanyo zomhlaba kunye neenqwelomoya kuso nasiphi na isatifikethi okanye ukureyithwa. Umzekelo, i-FAA ifuna ubuncinane bokupasa amanqaku angama-70% kuzo zonke iimvavanyo zolwazi. Ngokufanayo, Abavavanyi bokulinga abakhethiweyo be-FAA vavanya abafaki-zicelo ngokuchasene nemigangatho yokwenziwa komsebenzi emiselweyo ngexesha lovavanyo olubonakalayo lokubhabha.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba le migangatho ibubuncinci nje. Bamele isiseko sokufumana isatifikethi, hayi eyona nto iphambili yokuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya oyingcali. Ehlabathini lokwenyani, indalo kunye neemeko ezingalindelekanga zinokufuna ukusebenza ngaphaya kobu buncinci.
Umqhubi wenqwelomoya wokwenene uzama ukodlula imigangatho yolawulo. Abazinkqayi nje iindidi zamafu; bafunda ukuba amafu avela njani kwaye kutheni kwaye yeyiphi na imozulu enokuthi ilale ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane. Ubunzulu obufanayo bokuqonda busebenza iinkqubo zolawulo lokuhamba emoyeni, iinkqubo zeenqwelomoya, kunye neeprothokholi zikaxakeka.
Oku kubonisa ukuba xa umqhubi wenqwelo-moya eyiqonda nje inqwelo-moya yakhe, iinkqubo zayo kunye nemeko-bume asebenza kuyo. Olu lwazi lunzulu lukhuthaza inqanaba lokuzithemba eliqinisekileyo-kwaye yile ndibaniselwano yobungcali kunye nokuzithemba, hayi nje iiyure ezifakiweyo, eziguqula umntu abe kuhlobo lomqhubi wenqwelomoya wonke umntu afuna ukumqesha.
Yiba nguMqali wendlela oyiNgcali: IiReyithingi eziyimfuneko
Ukuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya kwaye ubhabhele inqwelomoya yengingqi okanye inqwelomoya enkulu e-US-zombini ezisebenza phantsi FAR Icandelo le-121—kufuneka ubambe isatifikethi esisebenzayo soLingelo lwezoThutho lweNqwelo-moya (ATP). Oku kufuna ubuncinane iiyure ezili-1,500 zexesha lokubhabha elifakwe kwincwadi yakho.
Nangona kunjalo, uhambo lokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya oqeqeshiweyo luqala kwangoko, luqala ngokufumana a isatifikethi sokulinga urhwebo, ukulinganiswa kwesixhobo, kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, ukulinganiswa kweenjini ezininzi.
Kumasebe enqwelo moya etshatha okanye kushishino lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, ubuncinci boqinisekiso ngokuqhelekileyo bubandakanya isatifikethi sokulinga urhwebo, umlinganiselo wesixhobo, kwaye, ngokuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni, ukukala kweenjini ezininzi.
Ngelixa ezinye iinkampani ze-135 charter kunye neCandelo lama-91 amasebe eenqwelomoya asebenzisa ipiston ene-injini enye okanye inqwelomoya ye-turboprop inokungafuni ukukala kweenjini ezininzi ngoko nangoko, nabani na ojonge ukuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya oyingcali ekugqibeleni uyakuyidinga. Ke ngoko, esona sicwangciso sexesha elide kufuneka sigxininise kwixesha lokufumana umlinganiselo, hayi ukuba.
Ukubaluleka Koqeqesho Kwangexesha
Ukhe wayiva le nto ngaphambili, kodwa ixesha elifutshane elichithwe ukufumana amanqaku ayimfuneko, ngcono-kwaye hayi nje ngezizathu zeendleko. Ukucinezela ixesha loqeqesho kuqinisekisa ukuba umqhubi omtsha ugcina ulwazi oluninzi kwaye ubukhali kudliwano-ndlebe xa kuthelekiswa nomntu othathe iminyaka ukugqiba uqeqesho lwakhe.
Khawucinge nje ngale ndlela: Masithi umntu oqalise izifundo zokuqhuba eneminyaka eli-16 ubudala kodwa waziqhelisela kanye ngenyanga okanye ngezinye iinyanga. Thelekisa indlela abaqhuba ngayo nomntu ogqibe izifundo zakhe kwaye waphumelela uvavanyo lwelayisensi yonke kwiveki enye. Umahluko kwizakhono kunye nokuzithemba kuya kuba yinto ecacileyo. Ukufunda ukubhabha kunye nokufumana izatifikethi ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya oqeqeshiweyo akwahlukanga.
Ukukhetha iSikolo seFlight esiLungileyo
Abaqhubi abanomdla abafuna ukuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya abaqeqeshiweyo mabathathe isigqibo sokuba baqeqeshe na kwisikolo senqwelomoya sasekuhlaleni (esihlala sisebenza phantsi kweSigaba 61 semigaqo) okanye batyala imali kwiprogram yexesha elizeleyo kwisikolo esikhulu seenqwelo-moya (ngokuqhelekileyo phantsi kweSigaba 141).
Ngelixa izikolo ezikhulu zinokufuna ukuzibophelela kwezemali kakhulu kwaye mhlawumbi zide zifudukele kwenye indawo, zihlala zibonelela ngendlela ecwangciseke ngakumbi nekhawulezayo yokufumana isatifikethi.
Enye inketho kukuya kwiyunivesithi enika isidanga kunye nenkqubo yokubhabha. Ngelixa le ndlela ivula umnyango wemali mboleko yabafundi kwaye ibonelela ngesidanga seminyaka emine, kungathatha iminyaka ukuyigqiba. Abaphumeleleyo banokuhamba benemilinganiselo emininzi kodwa lincinci kakhulu ixesha lokwenyani lokubhabha. Ukufumana izixhobo kwizikolo zokubhabha, jonga iFlying's Funda ukuFly Hub kunye ne Iwebhusayithi yeFAA.
Izikolo zeFlight ezikhawulezayo
Ezinye izikolo zeenqwelomoya ezinkulu ezinje ngeFlorida Flyers Flight Academy, ziyilelwe ukunceda abafundi bexesha elizeleyo ukuba babe ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya oyingcali ngelona xesha lifutshane linokwenzeka. Uninzi lwezi nkqubo zinokuthatha umfundi ukusuka kwixesha le-flight zero ukuya kufumana isatifikethi sokufundisa ngenqwelomoya kwisithuba esingaphantsi konyaka sokufunda ngokusisigxina.
Nangona kunjalo, musa ukuphosakela isantya ngokulula. Ezi nkqubo zibukhali kwaye zifuna ngamandla, zifuna ukuzinikela okukhulu kunye nomzamo.
Kwabo bajonge ukuba ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya oyingcali kwishishini leenqwelomoya, ukuqonda ukuba aphezulu kubalulekile. Inani eliphezulu lomqhubi wenqwelo-moya limisela phantse yonke inkalo yomsebenzi wabo, kubandakanywa inqwelo-moya kunye neendlela ababhabha ngazo, indawo abasuka kuyo, iishedyuli zeeholide, kunye nexesha abanokuphucula ngalo ukusuka kwigosa lokuqala ukuya kwikapteni (kunye nokunyuswa komvuzo okukhaphayo).
Amanani aphezulu anikezelwa ngosuku lokuqala loqeqesho lwenqwelomoya, kunye nomqhubi wenqwelomoya omdala eklasini efumana elona nani liphezulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukulibazisa uqeqesho lwakho lokubhabha ukuze wonge imali kunokukuxabisa ekuhambeni kwexesha. Umqhubi wenqwelomoya oqeqeshayo kwaye aqeshwe ngokukhawuleza uya kukhusela inani elisezantsi labantu abadala, elinokuthi libe nefuthe elibonakalayo kwikhondo lomsebenzi wabo.
Olu qwalaselo luthatha ukuba umqhubi wenqwelomoya sele ephethe isatifikethi sokulingwa sabucala. Zonke iireyithingi ezikhankanyiweyo-ngaphandle kokulinganisa kweenjini ezininzi-zifuna ukuba umenzi-sicelo aphumelele uvavanyo lolwazi.
Yiba nguPilot oyiNgcali: Umlinganiselo wesixhobo
Ambalwa amava anokuthelekiswa noloyiko lwenqwelo-moya yokuqala—kodwa umzuzwana kukuqhuba inqwelo-moya ngokubhekiselele kwizixhobo njengoko unyuka unqumla emafini, uphumela esibhakabhakeni esiqaqambileyo phezulu. Ngaphaya kochulumanco, ukukala kwesixhobo linyathelo elibalulekileyo kuye nabani na ojonge ukuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya oyingcali.
Olu vavanyo lukufundisa indlela yokubhabha ngokukhuselekileyo kwinqwelomoya kwimeko yemozulu engezantsi ubuncinci bokubhabha okubonakalayo-umngeni omkhulu ngokwawo. Ikwakuqeqesha ukuba ukwazi ukuphatha imisebenzi emininzi ngaxeshanye, njengokuya kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya kwimozulu embi.
Ebudeni bezi meko, kuya kufuneka ugcine ulawulo lwenqwelomoya (okanye ujonge i-autopilot ngokusondeleyo), unxibelelane nolawulo lwezithuthi zomoya (ATC), kwaye ulungiselele iinkqubo zokuhamba zenqwelomoya kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.
I-Evolution ye-Instrument Flying
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, isixhobo sokubhabha sisenokubandakanya okungaphaya kokuseta i-ILS frequency echanekileyo kunomathotholo. Namhlanje, nangona kunjalo, iinqwelomoya ezikwizinga eliphezulu kunye neendlela ezikhokelwa yiGPS zifuna ukuqonda okunzulu. Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba zakhiwe njani iinkqubo zokujonga kunye nendlela yokulayisha ngokuchanekileyo kwaye uzisebenzise kwinavigator yeGPS yenqwelomoya.
Ukufumana umlinganiselo wesixhobo kukwafuna ubuchule bokufunda nokutolika i-IFR enroute kunye neetshathi zokujonga. Ukongeza, ikhuthaza ukuqonda okuqinileyo kunye nentlonipho yeemeko zemozulu oza kusebenza kuzo.
Ukufaneleka kunye neeMfuno zoQeqesho
Ukuze ufanelekele ukulinganisa isixhobo, kufuneka ugcwalise ubuncinane iiyure ze-40 zoqeqesho lwesixhobo kunye nomqeqeshi oqinisekisiweyo. Olu qeqesho lunokuqhutywa kwinqwelomoya okanye kwi-simulator kwaye kufuneka ibandakanye i-250-mile inqwelo moya enqumla ilizwe phantsi kwemithetho yokubhabha kwesixhobo (IFR). Kuya kufuneka kwakhona ubonise ubuchule kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo.
Izikolo ezininzi ngenqwelomoya zidibanisa uqeqesho lokulinganisa izixhobo kunye neemfuno zesatifikethi sokulingwa sorhwebo. Oku kungenxa yokuba umlinganiselo wesixhobo ubalulekile ekufumaneni isatifikethi sokulingwa sorhwebo esingasikelwanga mda. Ngaphandle kwayo, isatifikethi sokulingwa kwezorhwebo sinothintelo olubalulekileyo:
"Ukuthwala abakhweli abaqeshwe kwiinqwelomoya kwiinqwelomoya ezinqumla ilizwe ezingaphaya kweemayile ezingama-50 okanye ebusuku akuvumelekanga."
Nabani na ojonge ukuba ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya oyingcali, ukureyithwa kwesixhobo kungaphezulu nje kwemfuneko yolawulo—lilitye lembombo lezakhono zokuqhuba ngenqwelomoya. Ikuxhobisa ngesakhono sokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezinzima, ikwenza ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya onobuchule nokuzithemba.
Yiba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya oyiNgcali: Isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelomoya
Ukufumana isatifikethi sokulingwa sabucala kudla ngokuchazwa njengokufumana “ilayisensi yokufunda.” Kodwa xa umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ezibophelela kuqeqesho lwesatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelo-moya, uthabatha inyathelo elibalulekileyo elisingise kusukelo lwakhe lokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya oyingcali.
Eli nqanaba libonisa umdla onzulu wokwazi ukuba yintoni eyenza inqwelo-moya ibhabhe—kwanokuba yintoni enokukuphazamisa. Ikwasisikhumbuzo esithobekileyo sokuba kusoloko kukho okungakumbi ukufunda malunga nokubhabha.
Oko Kubandakanya Uqeqesho
Kumphezulu, imixholo equkwa kwisilabhasi esilingwayo sorhwebo inokubonakala ifana naleyo ikwikharityhulamu elinge labucala. Oku kubandakanya ukulungiswa kwe-preflight kunye neenkqubo, i-airport kunye nokusebenza kwesiseko se-seaplane, ukufuduka, ukuhla, kunye nokuhamba-hamba, ukusebenza kunye nokulawulwa kwereferensi yomhlaba, ukuhamba, ukuhamba ngokucothayo kunye ne-stalls, imisebenzi engxamisekileyo kunye nokuphakama okuphezulu, kunye neenkqubo ze-post-flight.
Nangona kunjalo, isatifikethi sorhwebo sifuna inqanaba eliphezulu lokuchaneka kunye nobuchule. Umzekelo, ukuhla ngokuchanekileyo kufuna ukuba umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ahlale ngaphakathi kweemitha ezingama-200 kwindawo emiselwe kwangaphambili kumgaqo weenqwelo-moya emva kokutsala umbhobho ukuba ungenzi nto. Ngokunjalo, imfuno eguquguqukayo eguquguqukayo igcina i-engile yebhanki ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60 degrees ngelixa ugcina isantya somoya ngaphakathi kwe-±10 knots kunye nokuqengqeleka ngaphakathi kwe-±10 degrees yesihloko esifunekayo.
IiMfuno zeXesha leFlight
Ukuze ufaneleke ukufumana isatifikethi sokulinga urhwebo, kufuneka uhlangabezane neemfuno ezithile zexesha lokubhabha njengoko kuchaziwe kwi-FAR iNdawo 61.129. Kudidi lwenqwelomoya kunye nomgangatho wodidi lwenjini enye, uzakufuna iiyure ezingama-250 zizonke zexesha lokubhabha.
Oku kuquka iiyure ezili-100 kwinqwelo-moya esebenza ngamandla, ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-50 kwiinqwelo-moya, neeyure ezili-100 njengomlawuli-mkhosi, kuquka iiyure ezingama-50 kwiinqwelo-moya. Ukongeza, uzakufuna iiyure ezingama-50 zokubhabha unqumla ilizwe, ubuncinci iiyure ezili-10 kwiinqwelomoya.
Uqeqesho lwezixhobo zomculo lelinye icandelo elibalulekileyo. Kufuneka ugqibe iiyure ezingama-20 zoqeqesho lwesixhobo, kubandakanywa iiyure ezili-10 usebenzisa isixhobo sokunciphisa ukujonga. Olu qeqesho lubandakanya ukubhabha kwesixhobo sesimo sengqondo, izakhono zephaneli engaphelelanga, ukubuyisela kwisimo sengqondo esingaqhelekanga sokubhabha, kunye nokuthintela kunye nokulandelela iinkqubo zokuhamba. Ezintlanu kwezi yure kufuneka zigqitywe ngenqwelomoya enenjini enye.
Uzakufuna iiyure ezili-10 zoqeqesho kwinqwelomoya exhaphakileyo okanye eqhutywa ngeinjini yomoya, okanye inqwelomoya ekumgangatho ophucukileyo ofanelekileyo ngokwenqanaba elifunwayo. Oku kuquka inqwelomoya enye yasemini enqumla ilizwe engaphaya kweemayile ezili-100 ze-nautical kunye nenqwelomoya enye yokunqumla ilizwe ebusuku kumgama ofanayo, zombini ngenqwelo-moya enenjini enye.
Ukongeza, kuya kufuneka ugqibezele iiyure ezintathu zoqeqesho lokubhabha kunye nomhlohli ukulungiselela uvavanyo olusebenzayo kwiinyanga ezimbini zoviwo.
IiMfuno zeFlight zeSolo kunye noBusuku
Iimfuneko azipheli apho. Uzakufuna kwakhona iiyure ezili-10 zexesha lokubhabha wedwa kwinqwelomoya enenjini enye, okanye iiyure ezili-10 usenza imisebenzi yomqhubi wenqwelo-moya kunye nomqeqeshi okhweleyo. Enye yezi nqwelo-moya kufuneka ibe luhambo olunqumla ilizwe oluziikhilomitha ezingama-300 ubuncinci, kunye nokufika kwiindawo ezintathu, enye yazo kufuneka ibe ubuncinane iimayile ezingama-250 ukusuka kwindawo yokusukela.
Ukubhabha ebusuku lelinye icandelo elibalulekileyo. Uzakufuna iiyure ezintlanu zobusuku benqwelomoya ye-VFR, kubandakanywa ukunduluka kwe-10 kunye nokufika kwe-10 kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya esinendawo yokulawula ukusebenza.
Ukufumana isatifikethi sokulinga urhwebo kudla ngokuba lelona nyathelo lidla ixesha kuhambo lokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya oyingcali. Ayifuni kuphela izakhono zokubhabha eziphucukileyo kodwa nokuqokelela amava abalulekileyo okubhabha.
Ukufumana ezona nkcukacha zihlaziyiweyo, jongana neMigangatho yeSatifikethi se-FAA's Commercial Pilot Airmen (ACS).
Ukukala kweenjini ezininzi
Kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abanenjongo yokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya, ukufumana umlinganiselo weenjini ezininzi kudla ngokuba linyathelo elibalulekileyo. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iziqinisekiso, akukho xesha lincinane lichaziweyo lokubhabha elifunekayo kolu mlinganiselo. Endaweni yoko, kugxilwe ekuboniseni ubuchule kunye nokuqonda ngokucokisekileyo imisebenzi yeenqwelomoya ezininzi.
Ukuze ufumane ireyithingi, kuya kufuneka uhlangabezane nenqanaba lobuchule elifunwa ngumqeqeshi wakho wenqwelomoya, oya kubonelela ngesiqinisekiso sovavanyo olusebenzayo. Oku kuquka ukugqwesa iimpawu ezizodwa zenqwelomoya yeenjini ezininzi, ingakumbi iimanewuri eziqaqambisa ukukwazi kwakho ukuphatha imisebenzi ye-injini enye kwinqwelo-moya eneenjini ezimbini.
Yiba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya oyiNgcali: Oko Kuqukwa luqeqesho
Uqeqesho lokulinganisa iinjini ezininzi lugubungela izihloko ezininzi ezifana nesatifikethi sorhwebo, kodwa kugxilwe kwiinkqubo zeenqwelomoya ezininzi kunye nokusebenza. Kuya kufuneka ubonise ukuqonda okunzulu koku:
- Iinkqubo zeenqwelomoya ezikhethekileyo kwiinqwelomoya zeenjini ezininzi.
- Izibalo zokusebenza kunye nokunciphisa.
- Iinkqubo ezingxamisekileyo, kubandakanywa nokusebenza kwe-injini enye.
- Iintshukumo ezifana neemeko zokuphuma kwe-injini, ukujika umnqantsa, kunye nokubhabha okucothayo.
Injongo kukuqinisekisa ukuba unokuyisebenzisa ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuzithemba inqwelomoya yeenjini ezininzi, nakwimeko ezinzima.
Ukulungiselela Uvavanyo Olusebenzayo
Uvavanyo olusebenzayo lokulinganisa iinjini ezininzi luya kuvavanya amandla akho okusebenzisa olu lwazi kwiimeko zehlabathi lokwenyani. Kuya kufuneka ubonise ubuchule kuyo yomibini imisebenzi eqhelekileyo kunye neyongxamiseko, kubandakanya:
- Ukusilela kwe-injini ngexesha lokunduluka, ukunyuka, kunye nokuhamba ngenqanawa.
- Ukugcina ulawulo kunye nokusebenza kwi-injini enye.
- Ukuhamba kunye nokuhla ngokukhuselekileyo phantsi kweemeko zongxamiseko ezifanisiweyo.
Ekupheleni koqeqesho lwakho, uya kuyiqonda imiceli mngeni ekhethekileyo kunye nezibonelelo zokubhabha kwinqwelomoya eneenjini ezininzi, kukwenza ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya osebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo nonobuchule.
Kwabo bajonge ukuba ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya oyingcali, ukureyithwa kweenjini ezininzi kudla ngokuba yimfuneko kwimisebenzi emininzi yokubhabha ehlawula kakhulu nephezulu, kubandakanywa imisebenzi yokuqesha, ukuphaphazela kweenkampani, kunye nemisebenzi yenqwelomoya. Ayinakwandisa nje isakhono sakho kodwa ikwavula iingcango kuluhlu olubanzi lwamathuba kushishino lwezophapho.
Umyaleli weFlight oqinisekisiweyo-Inqwelomoya
Kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abajonge ukuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya, abafumana umvuzo a Umyaleli weNqwelomoya oqinisekisiweyo (CFI) -Ukukala kwenqwelomoya linyathelo elixabisekileyo. Ngelixa eyona njongo iphambili yolu vavanyo ikukufundisa abanye izakhono nolwazi olufunekayo ukuze baqhubele phambili ukusuka kwi-zero kwixesha lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ukuya kwindawo yabo yokujonga, ikwabonelela ngendlela esebenzayo kwabo banqwenela ukuba ngabaqhubi beenqwelomoya ukuba bakhe iiyure zokubhabha.
Ezi yure zinokufakwa kwiimfuno zeeyure eziyi-1,500 zesatifikethi soLingelo lokuQalwa kweenqwelo-moya (ATP), esiyimfuneko ekuqeshweni kwiCandelo le-121 lomthuthi womoya.
Ijika lokuFunda lokuba yiCFI
Uqeqesho lwesatifikethi seCFI ludla ngokuchazwa njengamava athobayo. Ityhila ukuba kuninzi kangakanani ekufuneka kufundwe malunga nokuhamba ngenqwelo-moya, nakubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abasele benawo amanqaku aphezulu. Omnye wemingeni yokuqala kukuziqhelanisa nokubhabha ukusuka kwi isihlalo sasekunene yenqwelomoya yoqeqesho, efuna utshintsho lwengqondo kwimbono kunye negalelo lokulawula.
Njengomfaki-sicelo weCFI, kuya kufuneka ukuba uphendule imibuzo eneenkcukacha kumqeqeshi wakho, oya kusebenza njengomfundi. Le mibuzo idlulela ngaphaya njani ukwenza iqhinga-bayangena ngoba inqwelomoya iziphatha ngendlela eyenza ngayo. Le nkqubo inceda ukufumanisa ukuba uyayiqonda ngokwenene imigaqo yokubhabha okanye uxhomekeke ekunkqayeleni ngentloko.
Ukulinganisa kwe-CFI kukwafuna ukuba ubonise ubuchule ekufundiseni iintshukumo eziphambili, kubandakanywa ulwazi lwe-stall, ukungena kwe-spin, i-spins, kunye neenkqubo zokubuyisela. Ezi zakhono zibalulekile kungekuphela nje ekuphumeleleni uvavanyo lwe-CFI olusebenzayo kodwa nokuqinisekisa ukuba unokufundisa ngempumelelo kwaye unike iingcebiso kubaqhubi bexesha elizayo.
Ngolu qeqesho, uya kuphuhlisa isakhono sokwahlulahlula iikhonsepthi ezintsonkothileyo zibe zizifundo eziqondakalayo, isakhono esiya kukusebenzela kakuhle njengomhlohli kunye nomqhubi wenqwelomoya oyingcali.
Kwabo bafuna ukuba ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya, umlinganiselo weCFI ubonelela ngeenzuzo ezimbini. Okokuqala, ibonelela ngendlela yokwakha iiyure zokubhabha ezifunekayo kwisatifikethi se-ATP. Okwesibini, ikwenza nzulu ukuqonda kwakho ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya, ikwenza ube ngumqhubi onolwazi kunye nokuzithemba.
Nokuba uceba ukufundisa ixesha elide okanye usebenzise ukalisho CFI njengelitye lokunyathela, lutyalo-mali oluhlawula kumava kunye namathuba omsebenzi.
isiphelo
Uhambo lokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya oqeqeshiweyo lulucelomngeni kwaye lunomvuzo, lufuna ukuzinikela, isakhono, kunye nokuzinikela ekufundeni okuqhubekayo. Ukusuka ekufumaneni isatifikethi sakho sokulingwa sabucala ukuya ekuphumezeni iireyithingi eziphambili njengesixhobo, urhwebo, iinjini ezininzi, kunye neCFI, inyathelo ngalinye likusondeza kusukelo lwakho.
Ngelixa umendo unokubonakala unzima, eyona nto iphambili kukuqala ngoku kwaye uhlale ugxile. Nokuba ukhetha uqeqesho lwexesha elizeleyo kwisikolo esikhawulezayo sokubhabha okanye indlela yethutyana, iyure nganye emoyeni kunye nesifundo ngasinye esifundiweyo sikusondeza kufutshane negumbi lokuhlala kwinqwelomoya yobuchule.
Khumbula, ubuchule bokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya abukho nje malunga nezatifikethi kunye neeyure zokubhabha-zimalunga nesimo sengqondo, ukuchaneka, kunye nokuqonda okunzulu kobugcisa. Ngokugqitha imigangatho emincinci kunye nokwamkela imingeni yoqeqesho, awusayi kuphela ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya kodwa kunye nohlobo lomqhubi wenqwelomoya ukuba iinqwelomoya kunye namasebe eenqwelomoya anomdla wokumqesha.
Ke, thatha elo nyathelo lokuqala namhlanje. Isibhakabhaka silindile, kwaye ikamva lakho njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya oqeqeshiweyo lisondele kunokuba ucinga.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nokwenza uguqulo lwelayisensi yokulinga yangaphandle ngamanyathelo ama-4.
