Kutheni Ukuhlala Ngoku njengoMbathi wePilot
Ukubhabha bubuchule obutshabalalayo. Nokuba uphethe iLayisensi yokuLibatha yaBucala, ukuKalwa kweSixhobo, okanye isatifikethi soRhwebo, ukuhlala ngokusemthethweni nangokufanelekileyo kubalulekile—hayi nje ukuthobela, kodwa ukuzithemba nokhuseleko.
Ukuqonda ukuba uhlala njani ngoku njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya kudlula ngaphaya kweebhokisi zokuthikisha kwi- i-pilot logbook. Kumalunga nokugcina iingcinga ezibukhali, ukwenza izigqibo ezicacileyo, kunye nokuthuthuzela kwi-cockpit, ngakumbi ukuba awuzange ubhabhe kwiiveki-okanye iinyanga.
Yinyani? Ubomi buyenzeka. Umsebenzi, usapho, imozulu, okanye imali inokubangela ikhefu kwishedyuli yakho yokubhabha. Kodwa ukubuyela esibhakabhakeni akuyomfuneko ukuba kube nzima. Ngesicwangciso esifanelekileyo, izixhobo kunye nengqondo, unokudibana Iimfuno zemali ye-FAA kwaye ufumane ubuchule obupheleleyo ngokulula.
Esi sikhokelo sikuhamba ngayo yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi-ukusuka kwimithetho ye-FAA kunye nemithetho yamva ukuya kwizicwangciso ezihlakaniphile zokucwangcisa kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuhlala ngoku. Nokuba ubhabha okwexeshana, wakha ukuzithemba emva kwexesha, okanye ujonge nje ukuhlala ubukhali, eli nqaku luluhlu lwakho lokujonga ukuze uhlale ulungile.
Imithetho ye-FAA malunga neNdlela yokuHlala ngoku njengoPilot
I-FAA ibeka imigangatho ecacileyo yokugcina imali yokulinga, kodwa kuxhomekeke kuwe ukuba uyisebenzise rhoqo. Ukuba uyazibuza ukuba ungahlala njani ngoku njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya, iqala ngokuqonda umahluko phakathi kwemali esemthethweni kunye nobuchule bokwenyani-kunye nokwazi ukuba yeyiphi imigaqo esebenzayo kuhlobo lwelayisensi yakho.
phantsi KUDLA 61.56, bonke abaqhubi kufuneka bagqibe uphononongo lwenqwelomoya rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezingama-24. Olu luvavanyo olungagqithisiyo/olusilelayo olune Umyaleli weNqwelomoya oqinisekisiweyo (CFI) ebandakanya iindlela, imimiselo, kunye nokwenziwa kwezigqibo. Iyafuneka nokuba ubhabha kangakanani na.
Ukongeza, ukuthwala abakhweli, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kufuneka bangene:
- Ukunduluka oku-3 kunye nokumisa oku-3 kwiintsuku ezingama-90 ezidlulileyo
- Ukuba ubhabha ebusuku: oko kumisa kufuneka kube sebusuku
Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kunye Izixhobo zokukala baye baneembopheleleko ezongezelelekileyo. Ukugcina isixhobo semali phantsi FAR 61.57(c), kufuneka ungene:
- Zi-6 iindlela zokusebenza
- Iinkqubo zokubamba kunye nezifundo zokuthintela / zokulandelela
- Konke kwiinyanga ezi-6 zekhalenda ezidlulileyo
Ukuba awuzange ubhabhe phantsi kweemeko zesixhobo ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-6, uya kufuna i-Instrument Proficiency Check (IPC) ene-CFII ukubuyisela imali.
Nokuba ubambe i-PPL, i-CPL, okanye i-CFI, le migangatho ye-FAA sisiseko sokuhlala ngoku. Kodwa ukubakho ngokusemthethweni akusoloko kuthetha ukuba ukulungele ngokwenene ukubhabha—ingakumbi emva kwekhefu elide.
UHlala njani ngoku njengoMqali wendlela phantsi kweCandelo lama-61 kunye nelama-91
FAA Icandelo 61 kwaye 91 lawula isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelomoya kunye nokusebenza ngenqwelomoya. Zombini zichaza izinto ezisisiseko ezilindelekileyo kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba bahlale bekwixesha langoku, kodwa indlela oyigcina ngayo loo mali ixhomekeke kumkhwa wakho wokubhabha nohlobo lwenqwelo-moya.
Nantsi eyona nto ibalulekileyo:
Iintsuku ezingama-90 zokunduluka kunye noMthetho wokuHlala (FAR 61.57(a))
Ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya oyalelayo ngelixa uthwele abakhweli, kufuneka ube uthabathe uhambo oluthathu lweenqwelo-moya kunye nokumisa kudidi olufanayo nodidi lwenqwelo-moya kwiintsuku ezingama-90 ezidlulileyo. Xa ubhabha ebusuku, ezo ndawo zokumisa kufuneka zimiswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye zigqitywe phakathi kweyure enye emva kokutshona kwelanga neyure enye ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga.
iMfuneko yoPhononongo lweNqwelomoya (FAR 61.56)
Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, uya kudinga uphononongo lwenqwelomoya lweminyaka emibini ukugcina imeko esebenzayo. Oku akuzihlazisi ngokuzenzekelayo ngeeyure zokubhabha— kufuna iseshoni ezinikeleyo kunye neCFI.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa uphelelwa yimali?
Ukuba ifestile yakho yeentsuku ezingama-90 okanye iinyanga ezingama-24 iyaphela, awukwazi ukubhabha njengePIC nabakhweli de ugqibezele iinqwelomoya eziyimfuneko okanye uphonononge. Kubaqhubi abalinganisiweyo besixhobo, ukuwa ngaphandle kwefestile ye-IFR yeenyanga ezi-6 kufuna nokuba:
- Ukungena kwiindlela ezi-6 kwi-sim okanye kwinqwelomoya, okanye
- Ukugqibezela i-IPC ukuseta ngokutsha imali
Nokuba uyiphetshana lempelaveki okanye uligcisa elinamava, ukwazi ukuhlala ngoku njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya phantsi kweCandelo lama-61 kunye nama-91 kuqinisekisa ukuba ucocekile ngokusemthethweni—kwaye ukhuselekile—esibhakabhakeni.
Izixhobo ezikuncedayo ukuba uhlale ungoku njengoMyili wenqwelomoya unyaka wonke
Ukufunda ukuhlala ngoku njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya kuthetha ukusebenzisa indibaniselwano efanelekileyo yetekhnoloji, isicwangciso, kunye noluntu. Ukuthotyelwa komthetho sisiseko kuphela—ukulungela kokwenyani kuvela ekomelezeni okungaguqukiyo. Izixhobo ozikhethayo zinokunceda ukuguqula imali ibe yintembelo.
Qala nge iilogbooks zedijithali. Usetyenziso olunje Incwadi yelog yeForeFlight, LogTen Pro, yaye MyFlightBook yenza okungaphezulu kuneenqwelomoya ezivenkileni:
- Balandelela ngokuzenzekelayo imali ethwala abakhweli yeentsuku ezingama-90
- Thumela izilumkiso ze-BFR ezizayo okanye ukuphela kwemali yesixhobo
- Nceda ulawule amayeza, uqinisekiso, kunye nohlobo lokulinganisa
- Nikeza ulwazi malunga namaxesha okubhabha, ixesha le-sim, kunye nezikhewu
Kubaqhubi abalinganisiweyo besixhobo, i-FAA evunyiweyo i-Advanced Training Devices (ATDs) njenge-Redbird FMX inikezela ngendlela esebenzayo kunye neendleko zokuhlala ngoku. Phantsi FAR 61.57(c), ungagqibezela iindlela ezintandathu ezifunekayo zesixhobo kwisilingisi ukuba:
- Yi-ATD evunywe yi-FAA
- Iseshoni ibandakanya iinkqubo zokubamba kunye nokulandelela
- Usebenza kunye neCertified Instrument Instructor (CFII)
Ixesha le-Sim alinakutshintsha into yokwenyani-kodwa lizalisa ngokupheleleyo isithuba phakathi kweenqwelomoya kwaye igcina indlela yakho yokucinga ibukhali.
Musa ukungayihoyi imfundo esekwe kuluntu, kananjalo. Iiklabhu zokubhabha kunye neendibano ze-FAASTeam zibonelela ngokuphendula koontanga kunye nokuhlaziya uxinzelelo oluphantsi. Ukongeza, i Inkqubo ye-FAA WGS ivumela abaqhubi beenqwelomoya ukuba:
- Fumana iikhredithi zemali nge-intanethi okanye ngoqeqesho lomntu
- Buyisela indawo ye-BFR yabo yemveli ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwamaphiko
- Hlala uqhagamshelwe kwimimiselo emitsha kunye nezenzo ezilungileyo
Ezi zixhobo zisebenza kakuhle xa zisetyenziswa kunye. Imali yinto ekujoliswe kuyo eshukumayo-kodwa ngenkqubo efanelekileyo ekhoyo, uhlala ulungele ukuhlangabezana nayo.
Isicwangciso seNyanga: UHlala Njani ngoku njengoMqali wendlela ngeShedyuli eBusy
Nabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abaneempepha-mvume ezinamawaka eeyure basenokuphelelwa yimali ukuba abanazo iindlela zesiqhelo. Isitshixo sendlela yokuhlala ngoku njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya-ingakumbi xa ulungelelanisa ukubhabha nomsebenzi, usapho, okanye ezinye izibophelelo-kukulandela isingqisho senyanga esilula, esizinzileyo.
Nantsi indlela ongayicalula ngayo:
IVeki yoku-1: Ukubhabha yedwa okanye kabini Gxininisa kwizinto ezisisiseko-indawo yokuhlala, izitali, umsebenzi weepateni, okanye ukuhamba kancinci. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, bhabha kwiimeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo okanye ebusuku.
IVeki yesi-2: Funda kunye noLawulo Ukuphonononga i-POH yenqwelomoya yakho, uhlaziye ubunzima bakho kunye nolwazi olulungeleleneyo, kwaye ugcwalise inqaku elinye okanye amabini eNgcaciso yoKhuseleko lwe-FAA okanye iimodyuli ze-intanethi.
IVeki yesi-3: Bhabha ne-CFI okanye iQabane loKhuseleko Sebenzisa le nqwelomoya ukuze ulole izakhono eziphezulu-izixhobo ezingxamisekileyo, ukusilela kwesixhobo, umsebenzi werediyo, okanye ukwenza izigqibo phantsi koxinzelelo.
IVeki yesi-4: Iseshini yeSilingisi okanye iScenario Nokuba kwi-ATD ye-Redbird okanye i-sim esekelwe ekhaya, ziqhelanise nesicwangciso sokuwela ilizwe, i-IFR ibambe, okanye ulawulo lweenkqubo ngexesha lokwenyani. Yongeza izixhobo ezinje ngeForeFlight okanye uludwe lokujonga izinto eziyinyani.
Le nkqubo ayifuni ukubhabha iiyure ezingama-20 ngenyanga-iyure ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6 zizonke, kunye nophononongo kunye nomsebenzi we-sim. Waba yintoni umphumo? Ugcino olungcono, iintshukumo ezigudileyo, kunye nokuzithemba okukhulu xa kubalwa.
Ukulungela ukubhabha akwakhelwa ekugqabhukeni—kwenziwa ngokuphindaphinda. Kwaye umjikelo wenyanga onje ugcina ubukhali, usemthethweni, kwaye uhlala inyathelo elinye phambi kokukhangela okulandelayo.
Iingcebiso zePro malunga neNdlela yokuHlala ngoku njengoPilot
Ukudibana nobuncinci be-FAA yinto enye-ukubhabha ngokuzithemba kunye nokulawula kuyenye. Imali esemthethweni iqinisekisa ukuba uvumelekile ukubhabha, kodwa ubuchule buqinisekisa ukuba ukulungele ukuphatha oko sikuphoswa sisibhakabhaka kuwe. Ukuba ugxininise kwindlela yokuhlala ngoku njengomqhubi wenqwelo-moya, udinga okungakumbi kunoluhlu lokuhlola—ufuna imikhwa egcina intloko yakho kumdlalo.
Qala ngokujonga uluhlu lwakho lwenyanga. Nokuba awuhambi ngenqwelo moya kuloo veki, hlala kwindawo yokukhwela inqwelo moya okanye kwindawo yokulingisa kwaye udlulele kwinqwelo-moya yakho yaphambi kokubhabha, ukunduluka, uhambo kunye neenkqubo zikaxakeka. Le rep yengqondo igcina inkumbulo yezihlunu iphila kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba amanyathelo aphambili awapheli ekukhunjulweni.
Ngekota, zinikezele i-flight okanye iseshoni ye-simulator kwiinkqubo eziphuthumayo. Ukulinganisa ukusilela kwe-injini, ukulahleka kombane, ukucima kukanomathotholo, kunye nokuhla ngenkani. Sebenza ngeCFI okanye ubhabhe uwedwa unemeko engqondweni. Awufuni ukuba imeko yakho kaxakeka yokuqala ibe lixesha lokuqala uyicinga.
Uthethathethwano noluntu olukhulu lweenqwelomoya nalo komeleza ubuchule. Ukuzimasa iiwebinars ze-FAA, amagqabantshintshi ngokhuseleko, okanye ukudibana komqhubi wenqwelo-moya wasekuhlaleni kukubonisa iindlela ezintsha zobuchule, uhlaziyo lolawulo, kunye namava okwabelwana ngawo. IQela le-FAA loKhuseleko (FAASTeam) lihlala libamba iiseshini zasimahla kwi-intanethi ezibala ukuya kwi-WINGS ngetyala, nto leyo ebenza babe lukhetho oluhlakaniphile nolufikelelekayo lokuhlala ubukhali.
Ukuzigcina ngoku asikokuhamba ngenqwelo-moya kuphela—kumalunga nokuqhelisela isimo sengqondo somqhubi wenqwelo-moya. Ingqondo yakho, hayi izandla zakho kuphela, kufuneka ihlale kwindawo yokusebenzela.
isiphelo
Ukufunda ukuhlala ngoku njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya ayiyomfuneko nje yolawulo-kukuzibophelela kobuchule kukhuseleko, ukuzithemba, kunye nobuchule obuqhubekayo. Nokuba ungumqhubi wenqwelomoya osebenzayo ujonge ukugcina umda wakho okanye ubuya emva kwexesha kude ne-cockpit, umahluko ukwisakhiwo kunye nokungaguquguquki-hayi nje iiyure zokubhabha.
Isibhakabhaka sifuna ukulungela. Kwaye ukulungela kuvela kwimikhwa: ukuziqhelanisa rhoqo, ukungena rhoqo, kunye nokusebenzisa zonke izixhobo ezifumanekayo ukuze uhlale ubukhali kwaye unomyalelo.
At Florida Flyers Flight Academy, ukuhlala okwangoku akuyekwa kumabona-ndenzile. Ngokucwangciswa okuguquguqukayo, abahlohli abaqinisekisiweyo be-FAA, iimeko zokubhabha unyaka wonke, kunye nokufikelela kwi-simulators ye-Redbird, iziko lemfundo lixhobisa wonke umqhubi wenqwelomoya-ukuzonwabisa okanye umkhondo wekhondo lomsebenzi-ukubhabha ngokuzithemba nangokuthobelayo, nokuba igcwele kangakanani na ikhalenda yabo.
Uhlala Njani ngoku njengoPilot-Icandelo le-FAQ
Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ilula yokufunda ukuhlala ungoku njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya?
Eyona ndlela ilula yokufunda ukuba uhlale njani ngoku njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya kukudala inkqubo engaguqukiyo yenyanga. Ukubhabha kanye okanye kabini ngenyanga, ukugawulwa kweentsuku ezingama-90, kwaye ugqibezela uphononongo lwakho lokubhabha lweenyanga ezingama-24 kuqinisekisa zombini imali esemthethweni kunye nobuchule obunamandla.
Ngaba iiyure zokulinganisa zinganceda ukuba uhlale njani ngoku njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya?
Ewe, iiyure zokulinganisa—ingakumbi nge-ATD evunywe yi-FAA—ziyinxalenye esebenzayo yendlela yokuhlala ungoku njengomqhubi wenqwelo-moya, ngakumbi kwiinqwelo-moya ezikumlinganiselo wesixhobo. Bakuvumela ukuba ungene kwiindlela kunye nokubamba iinkqubo phantsi kweliso, ukunceda ukugcina imali ye-IFR.
Kufuneka ndenze ntoni ukuba khange ndibhabhe kunyaka kodwa ndifuna ukuhlala ngoku njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya kwakhona?
Ukuba awukhange ubhabhe ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezili-12, inyathelo lakho lokuqala lokuba uhlale njani ngoku njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya kukugqiba uphononongo lokubhabha nge-CFI phantsi kwe-FAR 61.56. Kwakhona kububulumko ukuloga iinqwelomoya ezimbini kunye neeseshini zokulingisa ukwakha ukuzithemba kwakhona.
Kukangaphi kufuneka uphononongo lwenqwelomoya ukuze uhlale ngoku njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya?
Ukwanelisa ngokusemthethweni indlela yokuhlala ngoku njengeemfuno zomqhubi wenqwelomoya, uphononongo lwenqwelomoya luyafuneka rhoqo kwiinyanga ezingama-24 zekhalenda. Ukuzalisa iikhredithi zenkqubo ye-FAA WINGS kunokuthatha indawo yolu hlaziyo.
Ngaba ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya ebusuku kubalwa kwindlela yokuhlala ngoku njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya?
Ewe, idlala indima ethe ngqo kwindlela yokuhlala ngoku njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya. Ukuthwala abakhweli ebusuku, kufuneka ungene kwiindawo ezintathu zokunduluka ngokupheleleyo kunye nokumisa ngeeyure zasebusuku phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-90 ezidlulileyo. Oku kwahlukile kwimali yasemini.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nokwenza uguqulo lwelayisensi yokulinga yangaphandle ngamanyathelo ama-4.
