IsiQinisekiso sokuLingwa: Isikhokelo esiGqibeleleyo kwiindidi zeSatifikethi ezisi-7

Yintoni iSatifikethi sokuLinga?

Isiqinisekiso somqhubi wenqwelomoya yinkqubo elawulwa ngabasemagunyeni kwezokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya, ezifana ne Ulawulo lwezoLawulo lwezoPhapho (i-FAA) eUnited States, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abaqhuba inqwelomoya bahlangabezana nolwazi oluthile, amava, kunye neemfuno zezakhono. Le nkqubo yoqinisekiso ijolise ekukhuthazeni ukhuseleko kushishino lwezophapho ngokuseka iziqinisekiso ezisemgangathweni zabaqhubi beenqwelomoya.

Ukufumana isatifikethi sokulingwa kubandakanya uqeqesho lwethiyori nelokusebenza, kunye nokuphumelela iimviwo ezibhaliweyo, ezithethwa ngomlomo, nezepraktikhali. Inkqubo yokuqinisekiswa yenzelwe ukuxhobisa abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ngolwazi oluyimfuneko kunye nezakhono zokusebenzisa inqwelomoya ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neendawo ezingqongileyo.

Isiqinisekiso Sokulinga: Isishwankathelo seFAA kunye nendima yayo

I-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) yi-arhente karhulumente enoxanduva lokulawula ishishini leenqwelomoya eMelika. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ngokumisela nokunyanzeliswa kwemigangatho yokuqinisekisa ulingo. Isigunyaziso se-FAA kukugcina awona manqanaba aphezulu okhuseleko kwinkqubo yelizwe lomoya, kwaye isiqinisekiso solingo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yale nzame.

Indima ye-FAA ekuqhutyweni kwesatifikethi esilingwayo ibandakanya ukumisela iimfuno kunye neenkqubo zokufumana nokugcina izatifikethi ezilingwayo ezahlukeneyo kunye namanqaku. Ezi mfuno zibandakanya imimandla efana nokomelela kwezonyango, ulwazi, amava, uqeqesho, kunye nobuchule. I-FAA iphuhlisa kwaye iphumeze ikharityhulam yoqeqesho olusemgangathweni, imigangatho yovavanyo olusebenzayo, kunye neenkqubo zemfundo eziqhubekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banezakhono eziyimfuneko kunye nolwazi lokusebenzisa inqwelomoya ngokukhuselekileyo.

Ukongeza ekusekeni imigangatho yesatifikethi, i-FAA iqhuba imisebenzi yokongamela kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo. Oku kubandakanya ukubeka esweni ukusebenza kwabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, abahlohli, nemibutho yoqeqesho, kunye nokuphanda izehlo okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokuthobela imimiselo kunye nezikhokelo ze-FAA, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokufumana isatifikethi esifanelekileyo sokusebenzisa ngokusemthethweni nangokukhuselekileyo iinqwelo-moya ngaphakathi kwe-United States kunye nemimandla yayo, igalelo kukhuseleko olupheleleyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo ye-aviation.

Isiqinisekiso Sokulinga: Isishwankathelo seFAA kunye nendima yayo

I-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) liqumrhu elilawulayo elinoxanduva lokongamela nokulawula ishishini lophapho eUnited States. Indima yayo ephambili kukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ngokumisela kunye nokunyanzelisa imigangatho yokuqinisekisa umqhubi wenqwelomoya. I-FAA idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuqinisekiswa, ukubeka iimfuno, iinkqubo, kunye nezikhokelo ekufuneka abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya balandele ukufumana nokugcina iziqinisekiso zabo.

Ukhuseleko yeyona nto iphambili kwi-FAA xa isiza kwisiqinisekiso sokulinga. Iinjongo zale arhente ziquka ukugcina isidima senkqubo yelizwe lomoya, ukukhuthaza ukhuseleko lokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya ngoqeqesho olusemgangathweni kunye neenkqubo zoqinisekiso, kunye nokugcina imigangatho yobuchule engqongqo yabaqhubi beenqwelomoya. Ukufezekisa ezi njongo, i-FAA iphumeze imimiselo ebanzi ebandakanya iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zesatifikethi esilingwayo, njengeemfuno zokufaneleka, ikharityhulam yoqeqesho, imigangatho yovavanyo olusebenzayo, kunye neemfuno eziqhubekayo zemfundo.

Imithetho ye-FAA isebenza njengesakhelo sokuba abaqhubi baqhube iinqwelomoya ngokusemthethweni nangokukhuselekileyo eMelika nakwimimandla yayo. Ngokuthobela ezi zikhokelo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokufumana isatifikethi esiyimfuneko kunye namanqaku, beqinisekisa ukuba banolwazi, izakhono, kunye namava afunekayo ukuhamba esibhakabhakeni ngokuthembekileyo. Ukongeza, i-FAA iqhuba imisebenzi yokongamela kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokugcina ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo, ukuqinisa ngakumbi ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo ye-aviation.

Isiqinisekiso somqhubi wenqwelomoya: Ukukhetha iSikole seFlight esiLungileyo

Ukukhetha isikolo esifanelekileyo ngenqwelomoya sisigqibo esibalulekileyo esinokuluchaphazela kakhulu uhambo lwakho olusingise ekubeni ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya oqinisekisiweyo. Isikolo senqwelomoya esihloniphekileyo nesixhotyiswe kakuhle njenge Florida Flyers Flight Academy inokubonelela ngoqeqesho olukumgangatho ophezulu, iqinisekisa ukuba ufumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko kunye nezakhono zokugqwesa kushishino lweenqwelomoya. Xa uvavanya izikolo ezinokubakho ngenqwelomoya, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto ezihambelana neenjongo zakho, izinto ozikhethayo, kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.

Enye yezinto eziphambili eziqwalaselwayo xa ukhetha isikolo sokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kukuvunywa kwaso kunye nokuvunywa kwaso. Qinisekisa ukuba isikolo sivunyiwe yi-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) kunye namanye amagunya okuhamba ngeenqwelomoya afanelekileyo, njengoko oku kuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho nemimiselo yoshishino. Ukongeza, ukuvunywa kwemibutho efana ne IBhodi yoQeqesho lwezoBhalo lweHlabathi (AABI) inokusebenza njengesalathisi somgangatho kunye nokuzinikela ekugqweseni.

Ngaphandle kokuvunywa, kubalulekile ukuvavanya abaqeqeshi besikolo sokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, uqeqesho lweenqwelomoya, amaziko, ukuguquguquka kweshedyuli, iindleko, kunye neenkonzo zekhondo lomsebenzi. Abahlohli abanamava nabazinikeleyo banokuwaphucula kakhulu amava okufunda, ngelixa iqela leenqwelomoya ezilondolozwe kakuhle nezahlukeneyo zibonelela ngokutyhileka okuxabisekileyo kwiintlobo zeenqwelomoya ezahlukeneyo. Izibonelelo zale mihla, iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokucwangcisa, kunye neefizi zokufunda ezikhuphisanayo namathuba okuxhasa ngemali zinokuba negalelo kumava alungileyo. Ngaphaya koko, izikolo zenqwelomoya ezibonelela ngoncedo lokubekwa kwemisebenzi okanye intsebenziswano neenqwelomoya kunye neenkampani zenqwelomoya zinokuba luncedo ekufumaneni umsebenzi emva kokuqinisekiswa.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeZatifikethi zoLingelo

Isatifikethi sovavanyo lwabucala

ISatifikethi sokuLawulwa kwaBucala linyathelo lokuqala elisingisa ekubeni ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya onelayisensi, esivumela abantu ukuba babhabhe ngeenqwelo-moya ngeenjongo zabo zobuqu okanye zokuzonwabisa. Esi satifikethi senqanaba lokungena sivula ilizwe lamathuba abo banomdla wokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kunye nomnqweno wokuya esibhakabhakeni. Nokuba kungenxa yovuyo olukhulu lokubhabha, ukuhlola iindawo ezintsha ekusingwa kuzo, okanye ukulandela eminye imisebenzi yezophapho, iSatifikethi sokuLawula aBucala sisebenza njengesiseko sokukhula kunye nenkqubela phambili yexesha elizayo.

Ukufumana iSatifikethi sokuPhila saBucala, abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bahlangabezane neemfuno ezithile ezibekwe yiFederal Aviation Administration (FAA). Ezi mfuno ziquka ukuhlangabezana nobuncinci beminyaka eyi-17, ukuphumelela uviwo lwezonyango ukuze ufumane iSatifikethi soNyango lweSithathu, kunye nokubonisa ubuchule ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo olubhaliweyo lolwazi kunye noqeqesho olusebenzayo lokubhabha. Icandelo loqeqesho lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya libandakanya ubuncinane beeyure ezingama-40 zexesha lokubhabha, ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-20 zokufundisa kabini phantsi kwesikhokelo somqhubi wenqwelomoya. umhlohli wokubhabha oqinisekisiweyo kunye neeyure ezingama-20 zamava endiza yodwa.

Ekugqityweni ngempumelelo koqeqesho olufunekayo kunye nokuphumelela uvavanyo olubanzi lwepraktikhali, okwaziwa ngokuba yi “jonga,” abafaki-zicelo baya kunikwa iSatifikethi sokuLawula aBucala. Esi satifikethi sivumela abaqhubi ukuba babhabhe inqwelomoya ngeenjongo ezingezizo ezorhwebo, ezifana nezothutho lobuqu okanye iinqwelomoya zolonwabo.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba abaqhubi beePiloti zaBucala baxhomekeke kwimida ethile, kubandakanywa nokusebenza kuphela ngexesha lemini nangaphantsi. imithetho yenqwelomoya ebonakalayo (VFR) iimeko, ngaphandle kokuba uqeqesho olongezelelweyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kufunyenwe. Nangona kunjalo, iSatifikethi sokuLinga saBucala simele impumelelo ebalulekileyo kwaye sivula indlela yokukhula ngakumbi kunye nophononongo kwihlabathi elinika umdla lezophapho.

Isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelomoya

The Isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelomoya imele inyathelo elibalulekileyo kwikhondo lomsebenzi wokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, njengoko livula amathuba obuchule kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya ukuba babuyekezwe ngeenkonzo zabo. Esi satifikethi sivumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba babandakanyeke kuluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi yorhwebo, efana nokubhabhela ukuqeshwa, ukubonelela ngomyalelo wokubhabha, okanye ukusebenzela iinqwelomoya, iinkampani eziqashayo, okanye amanye amashishini anxulumene nokuhamba ngenqwelomoya. NgeSatifikethi soRhwebo sokuBambisa iinqwelomoya, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya banokujika ukuthanda kwabo ukubhabha babe ngumsebenzi onengeniso nomvuzo.

Ukufumana iSatifikethi sokuPhila ngezoRhwebo, abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bahlangabezane neemfuno eziqatha ezibekwe yiFederal Aviation Administration (FAA). Ezi mfuno zibandakanya ukuhlangabezana nobuncinci beminyaka eyi-18, ukubamba iSatifikethi sezoNyango seSibini esisebenzayo, kunye nokubonisa ulwazi olubanzi ngoviwo olubhaliweyo olugubungela izihloko eziphambili ze-aeronautical kunye nemisebenzi yokulinga yorhwebo. Ukongeza, abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bagqibe ubuncinci beeyure ezingama-250 zexesha lokubhabha, elibandakanya iimfuno ezithile zokubhabha kwesixhobo, ukubhabha ebusuku, kunye nokusebenza kwinqwelomoya entsonkothileyo.

Enye yezinto eziphambili zeSatifikethi sokuLinga uRhwebo luvavanyo olusebenzayo, olukwabizwa ngokuba yi "checkride." Ngexesha lovavanyo, abafaki-zicelo kufuneka babonise ubuchule babo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo, iinkqubo, kunye nemisebenzi engxamisekileyo kumvavanyi we-FAA. Ukugqitywa ngempumelelo kovavanyo olusebenzayo lubonisa ukuba umqhubi wenqwelomoya ufumene izakhono eziyimfuneko kunye nolwazi lokusebenzisa inqwelomoya ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo kwiindawo zorhwebo. NgeSatifikethi sokuLawula uRhwebo esisesandleni, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya banokulandela uluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi yokubhabha ngenqwelomoya, baphonononge amanqaku abongezelelweyo okanye izatifikethi, kwaye baqhubeke nokuqhubela phambili izakhono zabo nobuchule kwicandelo eliguqukayo lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya.

Isatifikethi sokuLinga uThutho lweenqwelomoya (ATP).

Isatifikethi se-Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) lelona nqanaba liphezulu lesatifikethi sokulinga esikhutshwe yi-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Esi satifikethi sihloniphekileyo simele incopho yempumelelo yobungcali kushishino lwezophapho, njengoko lufaneleka ukuba abaqhubi basebenze njengabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya (PIC) kubathwali bomoya abacwangcisiweyo okanye baqhube iinqwelo-moya ezinkulu, ezintsonkothileyo ezinobunzima bokuphakama obungaphezulu kwe-12,500 yeeponti. Ukufumana iSatifikethi se-ATP linyathelo elibalulekileyo kumsebenzi womqhubi wenqwelomoya, okuvula iingcango kwawona mathuba acela umngeni nawolisayo kwicandelo lezophapho lwezorhwebo.

Ukufumana iSatifikethi se-ATP, abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bahlangabezane neemfuno ezingqongqo ezichazwe yi-FAA. Oku kubandakanya ukuhlangabezana nobuncinci beminyaka engama-23 ubudala, ukubamba iSatifikethi soNyango seKlasi yokuQala esisemthethweni, kunye nokubonisa ukuqonda okubanzi kolwazi oluphambili lwe-aeronautical kunye nemisebenzi yothutho lwenqwelo-moya ngovavanyo lolwazi olubhaliweyo olungqongqo. Ukongeza, abafaki zicelo kufuneka baqokelele ubuncinci beeyure ze-1,500 zexesha lokubhabha lilonke, kunye neemfuno ezithile zokuwela ilizwe, ukubhabha ebusuku, kunye namava okubhabha kwesixhobo.

Omnye wemiba engumceli mngeni yokufumana iSatifikethi se-ATP luvavanyo olusebenzayo, olukwabizwa ngokuba yi “checkride.” Ngexesha lovavanyo, abafaki-zicelo kufuneka babonise ubuchule babo kwiindlela eziqhubela phambili, iinkqubo, kunye nemisebenzi enxulumene nemisebenzi yothutho lwenqwelomoya. Olu vavanyo lungqongqo luqinisekisa ukuba abanini beSatifikethi se-ATP banelona nqanaba liphezulu lobuchule, ulwazi, kunye nesigwebo esifunekayo ukuze kuqhutywe iinqwelomoya ezintsonkothileyo ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo kwimekobume efunekayo yophapho lwezorhwebo. NgeSatifikethi se-ATP esisesandleni, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya bakulungele ukulandela imisebenzi kunye neenqwelomoya ezinkulu, abaqhubi bempahla, kunye neminye imibutho yenqwelomoya edumileyo, beqinisa iwonga labo njengeengcali eziqeqeshwe kakhulu nezinamava kushishino.

Isatifikethi sokuLingwa kwezeMidlalo

ISatifikethi sokuLingwa kwezeMidlalo sibonelela ngethuba elinika umdla kubantu abanomdla wokubhabha ukuze baye esibhakabhakeni ngendlela efikelelekayo neyonga imali. Yaziswa yiFederal Aviation Administration (FAA) ngo-2004, esi satifikethi sibonelela abo banomdla kwinqwelomoya ebhabhayo ye-light-sport (LSA) ngeenjongo zokuzonwabisa. Ngeemfuno zaso ezilungelelanisiweyo kunye nokugqalisela kuhambo lwenqwelomoya lokuzonwabisa, iSatifikethi sokuLinga iMidlalo sivule ihlabathi lezophapho kubaphulaphuli ababanzi, sivumela abantu abaninzi ukuba balandele amaphupha abo okuba ngabaqhubi beenqwelomoya.

Ukufumana iSatifikethi sokuLinga iMidlalo, abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bahlangabezane neemfuno ezithile ezichazwe yi-FAA. Oku kuquka ukuhlangabezana nobuncinane beminyaka eli-16 ubudala (okanye iminyaka eli-14 kwizilayidi okanye iibhaluni), ukupasa uvavanyo lolwazi olubhaliweyo oluquka ulwazi lokuhamba ngenqwelo-moya nokusebenza kwenqwelo-moya elula, kunye nokugqiba ubuncinane beeyure ezingama-20 zoqeqesho lokubhabha. Uqeqesho lubandakanya iiyure ze-15 zomyalelo ombini phantsi kolawulo lomqeqeshi wenqwelomoya oqinisekisiweyo kunye neeyure ze-5 zexesha lokuhamba yedwa kwinqwelo-moya ye-light-sport. Abafaki-zicelo kufuneka babe neSiqinisekiso soNyango seSithathu esisebenzayo, okanye, kwezinye iimeko, ilayisenisi yokuqhuba esebenzayo inokusetyenziswa endaweni yesiqinisekiso sikagqirha.

Omnye wemiba eyodwa yeSatifikethi sokuLingwa kweMidlalo yimida yokusebenza eyayanyaniswa naso. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bavumeleke ukuba basebenzise inqwelo-moya yomdlalo olula, echazwa bubunzima obuthile kunye nemilinganiselo yesantya, kunye nobuninzi bezihlalo ezibini. Ukongezelela, banokubhabha kuphela ngeeyure zemini kunye naphantsi kwemithetho ye-flight ebonakalayo (VFR) iimeko. Ngelixa le mida isenokubonakala inemida, iqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu wokhuseleko kwinqwelomoya yokuzonwabisa kwaye ibonelele ngeyona ndawo ibalaseleyo yokuqalwa kwabantu abafuna ukuphonononga ilizwe lezophapho. ISatifikethi soLingelo lwezeMidlalo sibonelela ngesango lokuya esibhakabhakeni, sivumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba babe namava ochulumanco lokubhabha ngelixa besonwabela inkululeko kunye nokuba bhetyebhetye kuphapho lokuzonwabisa.

Isatifikethi sokuLinga ukuzonwabisa

ISatifikethi sokuLinga uLonwabo sibonelela ngethuba elilodwa kwabo bathanda ukuhamba ngeenqwelomoya ukuba baphonononge isibhakabhaka ngelixa beqhuba iinqwelomoya ezinkulu nezikwaziyo ukusebenza ngaphezu kwezo zivunyelwe phantsi kweSiqinisekiso sokuLinga iMidlalo. Esi satifikethi sisebenza njengelitye lokunyathela kubantu abanqwenela ukwandisa i-horizons yabo yokulinga ngaphaya kwemida yeenqwelo-moya ezinomdlalo olula kodwa abakakulungeli ukulandela iimfuno ezizeleyo zeSatifikethi sokuLinga saBucala. Ngendlela yaso elungeleleneyo yoqeqesho kunye namalungelo okusebenza, iSatifikethi sokuLawula uLonwabo sibonelela ngendlela enomvuzo kwabo bafuna amava okubhabha okuntywila ngakumbi.

Ukufumana iSatifikethi sokuPhila ngokuzonwabisa, abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bahlangabezane neemfuno ezithile ezisekwe yiFederal Aviation Administration (FAA). Oku kuquka ukuba neminyaka eli-17 ubuncinane ubudala, ukuba neSiqinisekiso soNyango seSithathu esisebenzayo, kunye nokuphumelela uvavanyo lolwazi olubhaliweyo olugubungela ulwazi lokuhamba ngenqwelo-moya, imithetho yenqwelo-moya, kunye neenkqubo ezinxulumene nemisebenzi yokulinga ukuzonwabisa. Ukongeza, abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bagqibe ubuncinci beeyure ezingama-30 zoqeqesho lokubhabha, kubandakanya neeyure ezili-15 zokufundisa kabini kunye neeyure ezi-3 zexesha lokubhabha yedwa kwinqwelomoya enenjini enye.

Ekugqityweni ngempumelelo koqeqesho kunye nokuphumelela uvavanyo olusebenzayo, olubonisa ubuchule bokusebenza kwenqwelo-moya ene-injini enye, Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya zoLonwabo bagunyaziswe ukuba babhabhe inqwelo-moya enobuninzi bezihlalo ezine kunye nobunzima obukhulu bokunduluka obuziikhilogram ezingama-1,800 okanye ngaphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, baxhomekeke kwimida ethile yokusebenza, njengokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kuphela ngexesha lemini, ukuhlala ngaphakathi kweemayile ezingama-50 ze-nautical ukusuka kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya zabo, kunye nokuthobela imithetho yenqwelomoya ebonakalayo (VFR). Ngelixa le mida isenokubonakala inemiqathango, iqinisekisa amava okubhabha akhuselekileyo nayonwabisayo kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bokuzonwabisa, okubavumela ukuba baphonononge ukuthanda kwabo ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya ngelixa ngokuthe ngcembe besakha izakhono namava abo.

Isiqinisekiso somqhubi wenqwelomoya: Umyaleli oQinisekisiweyo ngeNqwelomoya (CFI)

ISatifikethi esiQinisekisiweyo soMyaleli weFlight (CFI) sisatifikethi esikhethekileyo esiqaphela ukubaluleka kwabahlohli abakhethekileyo kushishino lwenqwelomoya. Ii-CFIs zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni isizukulwana esilandelayo sabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ngokubonelela ngoqeqesho olubanzi nesikhokelo kubafundi abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kulo lonke uhambo lwabo olusingise ekufumaneni iziqinisekiso. Ngokuyiqonda nzulu imigaqo yezophapho kunye nothando lokufundisa, ii-CFIs ziphathiswe uxanduva lokungadluliseli ulwazi lobugcisa kuphela kodwa nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lwezakhono eziyimfuneko nezimo zengqondo ezifunekayo kukhuseleko nobuchule bokubhabha.

Ukuba yiCFI yinkqubo engqongqo efuna umgangatho ophezulu wokuzibophelela kunye nobuchule. Abafake izicelo kufuneka bahlangabezane neemfuno ezingqongqo ezichazwe yiFederal Aviation Administration (FAA), kubandakanywa ukubamba iSatifikethi soNyango seSibini esisebenzayo kunye nokuqokelela ubuncinci beeyure ze-250 zexesha lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kunye namava athile kwimiyalelo emibini, isixhobo sokubhabha, kunye nokubhabha ebusuku. Ukongeza, kufuneka baphumelele uvavanyo olubanzi lolwazi olubhaliweyo oluvavanya ukuqonda kwabo iziseko zokufundisa, ulwazi lwe-aeronautical, kunye noxanduva lokufundisa ngenqwelomoya.

Incopho yenkqubo yoqinisekiso lwe-CFI luvavanyo olusebenzayo, apho abafaki-zicelo kufuneka babonise amandla abo okubonelela ngomyalelo wokubhabha osebenzayo kunye nokuvavanya ukusebenza komfundi ngokuchanekileyo nangobuchule. Ekugqityweni ngempumelelo kolu vavanyo, ii-CFIs zifanelekile ukuba zibonelele ngemiyalelo yezatifikethi zokulinga ezahlukeneyo, kuqukwa nePrivate Pilot, i-Commercial Pilot, kunye ne-Instrument Rating. Ngaphaya koko, ii-CFIs zinokusebenza ngokukhethekileyo kwimimandla ethile ngokufumana uhlengahlengiso olongezelelweyo okanye iziqinisekiso, ezinjengomyalelo weenjini ezininzi okanye imiyalelo yesixhobo, ukwandisa ubuchule bazo kunye nokubonelela ngeemfuno ezahlukeneyo zoluntu lwezophapho.

Isatifikethi sokuLawula ukude (i-Drone Pilot)

Kwihlabathi eliguqukayo elikhawulezayo leenkqubo zenqwelomoya ezingasetyenziswanga (i-UAS), okanye iidrone, iSatifikethi sokuLawula iRemote siye savela njengesiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo kubantu abafuna ukusebenzisa obu buchwepheshe butsha ngeenjongo zorhwebo. Njengoko imfuno yeenkonzo ezisekwe kwidrone iqhubeka nokukhula kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwifoto yasemoyeni kunye novavanyo ukuya ekuhlolweni nasekuhanjisweni, imfuno yabaqhubi beRemote abanezakhono nabaqeqeshiweyo iye ibaluleke kakhulu. Esi satifikethi siqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi banolwazi oluyimfuneko kunye nezakhono zokukhangela ubunzima bokusebenza kwedrone ngokukhuselekileyo nangenkathalo.

Ukufumana iSatifikethi sokuLawula iRemote, abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bahlangabezane neemfuno ezithile ezibekwe yiFederal Aviation Administration (FAA). Oku kubandakanya ubuncinci beminyaka eyi-16 kunye nokuphumelela uvavanyo olubanzi lolwazi olubhaliweyo olubandakanya imimiselo, indawo yomoya, iimeko zemozulu, kunye nezinye izihloko ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni okukhuselekileyo kwe-drone. Ukongeza, abafaki-zicelo kufuneka baqhube inkqubo yokuhlola ukhuseleko lwezoThutho ngokucokisekileyo (TSA) ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko lwesizwe.

Nje ukuba iqinisekisiwe, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya abakude bagunyaziswe ukuba basebenzise iidrones ngeenjongo zorhwebo ngaphakathi eUnited States. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka bahambelane neseti yemigaqo kunye nemida yokusebenza eyenzelwe ukugcina ukhuseleko kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko onokuthi ubekho. Ezi zikhokelo ziquka ukugcina umgca wokubonwayo kunye ne-drone ngamaxesha onke, ukubhabha ngaphantsi kokuphakama kweenyawo ze-400, kunye nokuphepha indawo yomoya ethintelweyo. Ngokulandela le mithetho kunye nokwandisa ulwazi lwabo olukhethekileyo, abaqhubi be-Remote Pilots badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuvuleni amandla apheleleyo obuchwepheshe be-drone ngelixa beqinisekisa imisebenzi enoxanduva kunye nethobelayo ebeka phambili ukhuseleko loluntu.

Amanyathelo okufumana iSatifikethi sokuLinga

Isiqinisekiso somqhubi wenqwelomoya ngumzamo ochulumancisayo nonomvuzo. Inkqubo ngokuqhelekileyo iqala ngokubhalisa kwisikolo senqwelomoya esihloniphekileyo nesivunyiweyo njenge Florida Flyers Flight Academy enikezela ngenkqubo yesatifikethi esilingwayo esifunwayo. Bakuba bebhalisiwe, abo banqwenela ukuba ngabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya baya kuya kwizifundo zesikolo samabanga aphantsi, apho baya kufumana ulwazi lwethiyori oluyimfuneko kumgangatho wabo wokufumana isiqinisekiso, kubandakanywa nolwazi lwe-aeronautical, imimiselo, kunye neenkqubo.

Ngokuhambelana ne isikolo samabanga aphantsi, abo baza kuba ngabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bahlolwe ngugqirha baze bafumane isiqinisekiso sonyango esifanelekileyo se-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) senqanaba lesiqinisekiso esifunwayo. Ngale mfuno ibalulekileyo izalisekile, banokuqalisa uqeqesho olusebenzayo lokubhabha phantsi kwesikhokelo soMyaleli oQinisekisiweyo ngeFlight (CFI). Olu qeqesho lwezandla lubandakanya imiyalelo emibini (kunye nomqeqeshi) kunye nexesha lokubhabha yedwa, ukuvumela abafundi ukuba baphuhlise ngokuqhubekayo izakhono zabo kunye nokuzithemba emoyeni.

Njengoko beqhubela phambili kuqeqesho lwabo, abafundi kufuneka baphumelele uvavanyo lolwazi olubhaliweyo olulawulwa yi-FAA, bebonisa ukuqonda kwabo izinto ezifundwa kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi. Ukongeza, kufuneka baqokelele iiyure zokubhabha ezifunekayo kunye namava omgangatho wabo wesatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelomoya, onokubandakanya iinqwelomoya ezinqumla ilizwe, ukubhabha ebusuku, kunye nexesha lokubhabha kwesixhobo (ukuba kufanelekile). Nje ukuba ezi ziganeko ziphunyeziweyo, ulungiselelo olubanzi kunye neeseshoni zokuziqhelanisa ne-CFI ziya kuqinisekisa ubuchule kuzo zonke iintshukumo ezifunekayo, iinkqubo, kunye nemisebenzi engxamisekileyo, efikelela kuvuthondaba kuvavanyo olusebenzayo, olukwabizwa ngokuba yi-“checkride.”

Olu vavanyo lungqongqo, oluqhutywa ngumvavanyi otyunjwe yi-FAA, lubandakanya uviwo lomlomo kunye novavanyo lokubhabha. Ekugqityweni ngempumelelo kovavanyo lwepraktikhali, i-FAA iya kukhupha isatifikethi sokulingwa esifanelekileyo, esimakisha ukufezekiswa kwenqanaba elibalulekileyo kuhambo lomqhubi wenqwelomoya.

Iindleko kunye nexesha loTyalo-mali lweSiqinisekiso sokuLingwa

Ukufumana isatifikethi esilingwayo lutyalo-mali olubalulekileyo olufuna ukuzinikela ngokwexesha kunye nezibonelelo zemali. Iindleko kunye nexesha elifunekayo linokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lesatifikethi, uhlobo lwenqwelomoya, kunye nendawo yesikolo sokubhabha. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kubalulekile kwabo banqwenela ukuba ngabaqhubi bacwangcise kwaye balungiselele ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukubonelela ngamagqabantshintshi jikelele, nantsi itheyibhile eshwankathela iindleko eziqikelelweyo kunye nexesha lotyalo-mali elinxulunyaniswa nezatifikethi zolingo olwahlukileyo:

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba olu qikelelo luqikelelo kwaye lunokwahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zomntu ngamnye, indawo, kunye nesikolo esithile sokuhamba ngenqwelomoya okanye inkqubo yoqeqesho ekhethiweyo. Ukongeza, ukhetho lwenkxaso-mali kunye nezifundo zokufunda zinokufumaneka ukunceda ukuhlawula iindleko. Ucwangciso olululo kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lubalulekile kwabo banqwenela ukuba ngabaqhubi bajongane nezibophelelo zezemali nexesha ezibandakanyekayo ekulandeleni inqanaba lesiqinisekiso abasinqwenelayo.

Isiqinisekiso Sokulinga: Amathuba oMsebenzi

Ukufumana isatifikethi sokulingwa kunokuvula amathuba omsebenzi ohlukeneyo kushishino lweenqwelomoya. Amakhondo omsebenzi athile akhoyo aya kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lesatifikethi esifunyenweyo kunye nawo nawaphi na amareyithingi angaphezulu okanye ii- endorsements ezifunyenweyo.

Umqhubi wenqwelomoya yoRhwebo: NgeSatifikethi sokuLinga inqwelomoya (i-ATP) kunye neziqinisekiso eziyimfuneko, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya banokulandela imisebenzi njengabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya zorhwebo, ukubhabha kwiinqwelo-moya ezinkulu, abathwali bemimandla, okanye abaqhubi bempahla.

I-Pilot yeNkampani okanye yoShishino ngeenqwelomoya: Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abaneSiqinisekiso sokuLinga uRhwebo okanye iSatifikethi se-ATP banokufumana umsebenzi njengabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abamanyanisiweyo okanye abashishinayo, babhabhele iinkampani zabucala okanye abantu ngabanye.

Umyaleli wenqwelomoya: AbaQondisi beeFlight eziQinisekisiweyo (CFIs) banokufundisa kwaye baqeqeshe abaqhubi beenqwelomoya zabafundi kwizikolo zenqwelomoya okanye kumaziko eenqwelo moya, ukunceda ukuphuhlisa isizukulwana esilandelayo sabaqhubi.

Itshatha okanye i-Air Taxi Pilot: Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokusebenzela iinkampani ezihlawulelwayo okanye iinkonzo zeteksi zomoya, ukubonelela ngezothutho ezifunekayo kubakhweli okanye imithwalo.

Ukufota okusemoyeni okanye uVavanyo loVavanyo: Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abaneSiqinisekiso sokuLinga uRhwebo okanye iSatifikethi sokuLawulwa kude banokulandela ikhondo lokufota emoyeni, uphononongo, okanye iinkonzo zokwenza imaphu, ukusebenzisa inqwelo-moya elawulwa ngabantu okanye engenabantu.

ULingelo lweeNkonzo eziNgxamisekileyo: Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abanezatifikethi eziphambili, ezifana neSatifikethi se-ATP, banokufumana amathuba njengabaqhubi beenkonzo eziphuthumayo, ukuthutha abasebenzi bezonyango, izixhobo, okanye iimpahla ngexesha likaxakeka okanye iintlekele zendalo.

ULingelo lokuPhapha ngezoLimo: Abaqhubi bezoRhwebo abanoqeqesho olukhethekileyo banokusebenza njengabaqhubi beenqwelomoya bezolimo, abakwabizwa ngokuba zii-duster zezityalo, befaka izichumisi, izibulali-zinambuzane, okanye imbewu evela kwinqwelomoya.

Isikolo seFlight okanye uMyaleli weAviation Academy: AbaQondisi beeNqwelomoya abaQinisekisiweyo banokufumana umsebenzi kwizikolo zenqwelomoya okanye kumaziko eenqwelo moya, ukubonelela ngomyalelo womhlaba kunye nowokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kwabo banqwenela ukuba ngabaqhubi.

Umlawuli weZithuthi zoMoya: Ngelixa ingeyiyo indima yokulinga ngokuthe ngqo, abantu abanolwazi lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kunye namava banokuphishekela imisebenzi njenge abalawuli bezithuthi zomoya, uxanduva lokulawula nokulungelelanisa ukuthuthwa kweenqwelomoya kwindawo yomoya elawulwayo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba uninzi lwala mathuba omsebenzi, ngakumbi lawo akwinqwelomoya yorhwebo, anokufuna iziqinisekiso ezongezelelweyo, ezinje ngemilinganiselo yohlobo oluthile lwenqwelomoya, ukureyithwa kwezixhobo, okanye iireyithingi zeenjini ezininzi, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomsebenzi.

isiphelo

Ukufumana isatifikethi sokulingwa luhambo oluvuzayo oluvula ihlabathi lamathuba kushishino lwezophapho. Ukusuka kwiSiqinisekiso soLingelo saBucala ukuya kwiSatifikethi sokuLinga inqwelomoya (ATP), inqanaba ngalinye lesatifikethi lifuna ukuzinikela, ukuzinikela, kunye nokuthanda ukubhabha.

Indlela yokufumana isatifikethi sokulingwa ibandakanya uqeqesho lwethiyori kunye nelokusebenza, ukuphumelela iimviwo ezibhaliweyo nezisebenzayo, kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zamava athile. Inkqubo yeSatifikethi se-Pilot ilawulwa yi-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ukuqinisekisa imigangatho ephezulu yokhuseleko kunye nobuchule.

Nokuba unqwenela ukubhabha ukuze uyonwabele, uphishekele umsebenzi wokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya wezorhwebo, okanye ujonge iindima ezikhethekileyo njengomyalelo wokubhabha okanye ukusebenza ngedrone, isiqinisekiso somqhubi wenqwelomoya esifanelekileyo sinokuvula amaphupha akho okubhabha. Ngokukhetha isikolo senqwelomoya esihloniphekileyo, ukutyala imali kuqeqesho olusemgangathweni, kunye nokuhlala uzibophelele ekuqhubekeni nemfundo, unokunyukela phezulu esibhakabhakeni.

Khumbula, uhambo lokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya lulucelomngeni kodwa lunomvuzo omkhulu. Ngokuzimisela, ukunyamezela, kunye nothando lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, unokujoyina abaqhubi abaqinisekisiweyo kwaye uqalise umsebenzi onika umdla esibhakabhakeni.

Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neKhosi yeSikolo saBucala esiLingayo.