Ukuhlalisa inqwelomoya ibalasele njengeyona ndawo ingumceli mngeni wokubhabha. Abaninzi abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bafumana obu buchule boyikisa ngokukodwa kwi-C172. I-Cessna 172 iphakathi kwezona nqwelo-moya zoqeqesho zixolelayo, ukanti ufuna nje ubuchule obufanelekileyo kunye nokuqonda ukuze ufezekise ezo zithintelo zigudileyo.
Izakhono zakho zokumisa zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo lwenqwelomoya usebenzisa uludwe lwakho lokukhangela lubalulekile njengokujonga isantya somoya esilungileyo kwisalathisi sakho sesantya somoya. Icandelo ngalinye kwi-cockpit lidlala indima ebalulekileyo xa usenza indawo efanelekileyo. Ulwazi lwe-C172 POH yakho luba lubalulekile ukuze usebenze ngokukhuselekileyo.
Esi sikhokelo sipheleleyo sichaza izinto ezibalulekileyo zokufika kwi-C172. Uya kufumanisa ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo, isantya, kunye nobuchule obuya kunceda ukuhlengahlengisa ezo ndawo zirhabaxa zibe lula, touchdowns professional. Umqeqeshi wakho wokubhabha ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuchukumiseka.
Ulungelelwaniso lokuHlala olubalulekileyo lweC172
Ukuba nobuchule kwi Uqwalaselo lokufika kweC172 ifuna ukuqonda izinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo: useto lweflap, isantya sokusondela, kunye nolawulo lwamandla. Ezi zixhobo ziya kukunceda ufezekise ukuhlala ngokugudileyo kwinqwelomoya yakho.
Izicwangciso eziLungileyo zokuHlalisa iiFlap zeC172
Ubumbeko lokumisa kufuneka luqhubele phambili ngoseto oluthile lwe-flap njengoko uhamba kwipatheni yendlela. Olona landelelwano lufanelekileyo lukhangeleka ngolu hlobo:
1.Inotshi yokuqala (10°) – Abeam inqaku lokucofa
2.Inotshi yesibini (20°) – Ngexesha lokujika ukuya kwisiseko
3.Inotshi yokugqibela (30°) – Ngexesha lokujika ukuya ekugqibeleni
Phawula: Ukuwela imimoya eqinile okanye iimeko eziphazamisayo zifuna ukuba unciphise i-C172's flap setting ukuya kwi-20 ° ukugcina ulawulo olungcono lwenqwelomoya.
Kucetyiswa i-C172 yezantya zokuKhawuleza
Isalathisi sesantya somoya kufuneka sibonise ezi izantya ekujoliswe kuzo kuyo yonke ipateni:
| Isikhundla somzekelo | Isantya ekujoliswe kuso (KIAS) | uqwalaselo |
|---|---|---|
| Umoya ophantsi | 90 | acocekileyo |
| Abeam Point | 80 | 10 ° Iiflaphu |
| Umlenze osisiseko | 70-75 | 20 ° Iiflaphu |
| Final | 65-70 | Iiflephu ezipheleleyo |
Ulawulo lwamandla kwi-Stable C172 Descent
Izicwangciso zamandla zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni indlela ezinzileyo. Yehlisa amandla aye malunga ne-1500 RPM xa ufikelela kwindawo yokucofa. Ulawulo lwamandla lujolise kule migaqo ingundoqo:
IiParameters zeNdlela ezizinzisiweyo:
-Gcina inqwelomoya elungelelaniswe ngokupheleleyo ngendlela yokugqibela
-Gcina izinga lokuhla ngaphantsi kweenyawo ze-500 ngomzuzu
-Ukuqinisekisa ulungelelwaniso olululo lomgaqo weenqwelo-moya kunye nezilungiso ezifanelekileyo zomoya
-Sebenzisa i-pitch ukulawula isantya somoya kunye namandla ukulawula izinga lokuhla
Qaphela ukuba i-C172 POH incoma isantya sokuhamba phakathi kwe-55-65 knots, kwaye abaninzi abaqhubi abanamava bakhetha ama-knots angama-62.5 ukugcina ulawulo olululo. Yenza i-go-around ukuba uzifumana ungaphandle kwezi parameters ngaphantsi kwe 300 feet AGL.
Umgaqo othi "i-pitch yesantya, amandla okuphakama" unceda ukugcina ulawulo oluchanekileyo kulo lonke ukwehla. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuba ugqibezele izinto zoluhlu lokukhangela ngelixa ugcina indlela ezinzileyo yokufika.
Ukubamba iPhatheni yokuHlala ye-C172
Ipateni egqibeleleyo yetrafikhi kwiimfuno zakho ixesha elichanekileyo kunye nolungelelwaniso. Masiphonononge icandelo ngalinye ukukunceda ube nobuchule kolu buchule bubalulekileyo.
Iinkqubo ze-Downwind Leg kwi-C172 yakho
Umlenze wakho we-C172 wakha isiseko sokuphumelela okunyukayo ekufikeni. Qala ngokugcina amaqhina angama-90 ngomzila onxuseneyo nomgaqo weenqwelo-moya. Ngelixa ujongene nenqaku lokucofa:
-Ukunciphisa amandla kwi-1500-1600 RPM
-Yongeza inotshi yokuqala (10°) yeeflaphu
-Gcina umgaqo weenqwelomoya unxuseneyo
-Qalisa ukuhla kwii-500 ezinyaweni ngomzuzu
| Isikhundla somzekelo | C172 Uqwalaselo | Isantya ekujoliswe kuso |
|---|---|---|
| Early Downwind | acocekileyo | 90 KIAS |
| Abeam Point | I-10 ° Flaps, i-1500 RPM | 75 KIAS |
| Umoya kade | Amandla: 1700 RPM | 70-75 KIAS |
Isiseko ukuya kwiiNdlela zokuGqibela zokuGqibela
The isiseko ukuya kokugqibela ifuna ujoliso olukhethekileyo njengoko izibalo zibonisa ukuba lelona candelo libaluleke kakhulu. Inqwelomoya yakho kufuneka ilungiselelwe:
-20 ° iiflephu phambi kokuba uqalise ukujika
-I-Airspeed igcinwe kwi-70-75 KIAS
-Amandla alungelelanisiwe ukugcina i-500 fpm ukuhla
Isilumkiso sokhuseleko: I-angle yakho yebhanki akufanele inyuke ukulungisa i-overshoot - oku kunokubangela i-stall esheshayo kwi-C172 yakho. Yenza i-go-round ukuba uzifumana ugqithise.
Indlela yokuGqibela ukuzinziswa
Indlela ezinzileyo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yokufika kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Indlela yakho yokugqibela kufuneka ibe:
-Iengile yokutyibilika rhoqo (ngokomlinganiselo 3:1)
-Ulungelelwaniso olululo kunye nomgca osembindini weenqwelomoya
-I-airspeed ezinzileyo ye-65-70 KIAS
-Iziphako ezigcweleyo xa kuqinisekiswa ukuhla
Bukela eyakho isalathisi sesantya somoya ngokusondeleyo kwesi sigaba. Umgaqo wegolide uthi i-pitch ilawula isantya somoya kunye namandla alawula ukuphakama. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abaziingcali bayazi ukuba kufuneka baqhube nini na ukuba ezi parameters azinakugcinwa.
Icebiso Pro: Ungafumana umyinge ofunekayo wokuhla ngokuphinda-phinda isantya somhlaba ngo-5 ukugcina eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo ye-3-degree glidepath.
Iindlela zokucofa ezigqibeleleyo
Ukuthoba okugqibeleleyo ebomini bakho Ukufika ifuna i-finesse, ichanekile, kunye nobugcisa obufanelekileyo. Masibe nobuchule kwizinto ezitshintsha indawo yokuhlala elungileyo ibe mikhulu.
Ixesha elifanelekileyo leC172 Flare
akho ukuqaliswa komlilo kwinqwelomoya ifuna ixesha elichanekileyo kunye nokuqonda okubonakalayo. I ubude obufanelekileyo bokuvuleka ifikelela malunga neemitha ezili-10 ngaphezu komgaqo weenqwelo-moya. Nantsi indlela ongayenza ngayo ixesha lakho:
| Umkhombandlela obonakalayo | Kufuneka isenzo | Isantya ekujoliswe kuso |
|---|---|---|
| Ukwandiswa kwendlela yokubaleka | Qalisa i-Original Flare | 65-70 KIAS |
| Amanani Gcwalisa iWindscreen | Ukutshintshela kwiNqanaba | 60-65 KIAS |
| Ground Rush Isiphumo | Ukuvuleka kokugqibela | 55-60 KIAS |
Unokwenza ugqibelele ukuvutha kwakho kweC172 ngokuthi:
-Ukujolisa amehlo akho kwicala elikude lomgaqo weenqwelomoya
-Ukubukela umgaqo weenqwelomoya ukuze "usondeze" kwiscreen sakho somoya
-Ukwenza amagalelo olawulo amancinci, aqhubelekayo
Ukugcina uLawulo loMmandla
akho indawo ehlala umqhubi wenqwelo-moya mayihlale ilungelelaniswe nomgaqo weenqwelo-moya osembindini ngokuqwalasela rhoqo iinkcukacha. I-rivets ye-C172 yeempumlo isebenza njengeendawo ezintle zokubhekisela ekulungelelaniseni.
IiNdlela eziPhambili zoLungelelaniso:
-Sebenzisa imiqolo emibini yeerivets kwi-C172's impumlo yakho ukuhambelana nomgca ophakathi
-Faka amagalelo akhawulezayo, achanekileyo ngexesha lokukhutshwa
-Gcina umva-uxinzelelo emva kokucofa ukunciphisa ukulayishwa kwevili lempumlo
Ukulawula iMpembelelo yoMhlaba
I-C172 yakho ihamba ngotshintsho olukhulu lwe-aerodynamic ngexesha lokugqibela lokufika. Isiphumo esisezantsi sibonakala kwiphiko elinye lomgaqo weenqwelo-moya kwaye kuchaphazela ukubamba kwakho ngeendlela ezininzi:
I-C172's induced trag inciphisa ukuya kwi-60% yesiqhelo kwisiphumo esisemhlabeni, esinokwenza inqwelomoya yakho idada ukuba ayilawulwa kakuhle. Uyakwazi ukusingatha le nzeka ebusweni bakho inqwelo-moya ngu:
-Ukugcina izantya ezifanelekileyo ngokwendlela yakho C172 POH
-Kulindeleke ukunyuka kokunyuka kufutshane nomhlaba
-Ukulungela ixesha elongeziweyo lokudada ukuba uthwele isantya esigqithisileyo
-Ukongeza i-back-pressure encinci ukuchasana ne-cushion yesiphumo somhlaba
Qaphela ukuba i-C172 yakho iya kuchukumisa kwi-45-50 knot uluhlu nakwindawo yokumisa i-stall epheleleyo. Kufuneka ubhabha inqwelomoya yakho kulo lonke ulandelelwano lokumisa kwaye wenze amagalelo olawulo agudileyo de amavili aphambili achukumise umgaqo weenqwelomoya ngokuqinileyo.
Icebiso Pro: Ukuba uyadada okanye ibhaluni, gcina isimo sengqondo esiqhubekayo ngelixa isantya somoya sibola ngokwemvelo. Le ndlela yobugcisa, idibene nefanelekileyo uluhlu lokuhlola ukugqiba, kuya kunika indawo egudileyo ngalo lonke ixesha.
Iimpazamo zokuHlala eziqhelekileyo zeC172
Nabaqhubi abanobuchule babhabha ngenqwelomoya yabo inqwelo-moya inokwenza iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo zokufika. Ukufunda ukubona nokulungisa ezi mpazamo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya okhuselekileyo nonobuchule.
Iimpazamo zeSpeed Sondela kwiC172 yakho
akho isalathisi sesantya somoya ukufunda kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ngexesha lokufunda. Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya bahlala bephethe isantya esikhulu, nto leyo edala iingxaki ezimbini ezinkulu:
*Inqwelomoya idada ngaphezulu komgaqo weenqwelomoya
*Iimeko zokuwela kubanzima ukuzibamba
| Indlela yeNqanaba | Impazamo eqhelekileyo | Isantya esichanekileyo (KIAS) |
|---|---|---|
| Eyokugqibela (Coca) | Ngokukhawuleza okukhulu | 65-70 |
| Eyokugqibela (Iiflephu ezipheleleyo) | Ngokukhawuleza okukhulu | 55-65 |
| Intsimi emfutshane | Ukungangqinelani | 60-62 |
Flare Height misjudgments
The indawo ehlala umqhubi wenqwelo-moya indawo yenza kube nzima ukugweba umphakamo ogqibeleleyo womlilo. Ithuku lendalo likhokelela abafundi abaninzi ukuba baphakame kakhulu. Nantsi indlela yokuba nesakhono kubuchule obufanelekileyo bokuvuleka:
1.Gcina amehlo akho ethe ntsho kwicala elikude lendlela yeenqwelo-moya
2.Jonga umgaqo weenqwelomoya oqalisa “ukuba banzi”
3.Faka uxinzelelo lwasemva olucothayo xa umgaqo weenqwelo-moya uqalisa ukudityaniswa nomphandle
Icebiso Pro: Uya kuphuhlisa ulwazi lobude obungcono ngokuziqhelanisa nesantya somoya esilawulekayo kunye nomqeqeshi oziimitha ezimbalwa ngaphezulu komgaqo weenqwelo-moya.
Iimpazamo zoLungiso lweCrosswind kwiC172 yakho
akho inqwelo-moya idinga ubuchule obuthile ngexesha lokuwela i-crosswind. Nazi iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo:
- Ukulungiswa koMoya okunganelanga
- Ukugcinwa kakubi kwe-angle yoononkala ekugqibeleni
- Inguqu erhabaxa ukuya kubuchule bokutyibilika
- Akukho ngeniso yaneleyo yokuqhuba iphini xa ucofa
- Ulawulo lwasemva kokucofa phantsi
- Akukho lungiso lwe-aileron
- Imo yezulu yenqwelo moya emva kokuhla
- Ulawulo lokuphumla kwangethuba
| Imeko yomoya | Kufuneka i-C172 Control Input |
|---|---|
| Ukukhanya kweCrosswind | 1/4 I-Aileron emoyeni |
| I-Moderate Crosswind | 1/2 I-Aileron emoyeni |
| I-Crosswind eyomeleleyo | I-Aileron epheleleyo emoyeni |
Kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba kufuneka ujonge eyakho C172 POH ngowona macandelo abonakeleyo aphezulu e-crosswind. Ulawulo lwesantya luba lubaluleke ngakumbi kwiimeko zokuwela umoya njengoko isantya esigqithisileyo sithetha ixesha elininzi lokulwa nomoya kufutshane nomhlaba.
Inqaku loKhuseleko eliBalulekileyo: Ungaze unyuse i-angle yebhanki ukulungisa i-overshoot ngexesha lokujika kwesiseko-ukuya-kokugqibela njengoko kubonisiwe apha - oku kunokubangela i-spin eyingozi. Inketho ekhuselekileyo kukujikeleza kwaye usethe enye indlela.
akho uluhlu lokuhlola kufuneka iquke olu vavanyo lwemposiso phambi kokuma ngakunye. Sebenza ekuboneni nasekulungiseni ezi mpazamo ngexesha leenqwelomoya zoqeqesho. Ukujikeleza kusoloko kungcono ukuba iiparamitha zokusondela ziziva zingalunganga. Ukufika kudibanisa zonke izakhono zakho oziqhelileyo, kwaye ukugqwesa kuza ngokugxila, ukuziqhelanisa nokucinga.
Iimeko zokuHlala eziPhambili
Iimeko zokufika eziphucukileyo kwindawo yakho C172 zisa imingeni eyodwa efuna ubuchule obukhethekileyo. Isakhono sakho sokusingatha ezi meko ngokukhuselekileyo sikwenza wahluke njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya omkhulu kunokuba ube ngolungileyo.
IiTekhnoloji zokuHlalisa iCrosswind yeC172 yakho
akho inqwelo-moya ikunika iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokuphatha ukuwela ulwandle: indlela yoononkala kunye nobuchule obuphantsi kwephiko. Zombini zisebenza kakuhle, kodwa indlela ephantsi kwephiko ihlala inika ulawulo olungcono kwisixhobo sakho indawo ehlala umqhubi wenqwelo-moya.
| Imeko yomoya | C172 Uqwalaselo | Ubuchule obucetyiswayo |
|---|---|---|
| Ukukhanya (0-7 kts) | Iiflephu ezipheleleyo | Indlela yoononkala |
| Phakathi (8-12 kts) | 20 ° Iiflaphu | Iphiko-Phantsi |
| Yomelele (13-15 kts) | 20 ° Iiflaphu | Iphiko-Phantsi |
akho C172 POH ibonisa amandla okuwela umoya we-15 knots kunye neeflephu ezigcweleyo. Nantsi into omawuyenze ukuze uphumelele ukuwela i-crosswind:
1.Yenza isilungiso esifanelekileyo kwangethuba
2.Gcina ulungelelwaniso lomgaqo weenqwelo-moya kunye nephini lokujika
3.Lawula i-drift kunye ne-ailerons
4.Touch phantsi ivili eliphambili elinyukayo kuqala
5.Bamba ulungiso lwe-crosswind ngokukhutshwa
IiNkqubo zokuHlala kwiNdawo emifutshane
Ukufika kwi-C172 yakho kwiindawo ezimfutshane kufuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-airspeed kunye ne-touchdown point. Kufuneka ujonge eyakho isalathisi sesantya somoya ngokusondeleyo ngexesha lokusondela kuba ulawulo lwesantya lubalulekile.
| Indlela yeNqanaba | uqwalaselo | Isantya ekujoliswe kuso |
|---|---|---|
| Eyokugqibela (Eqhelekileyo) | Iiflephu ezipheleleyo | 61 KIAS |
| Phezu komqobo | Iiflephu ezipheleleyo | 1.3 Vso |
| Touchdown | Ubuninzi beBraking | Ubuncinci bolawulo |
Uya kufumana owona msebenzi umfutshane wentsimi ngo:
-Ukucwangcisa iiflephu ezipheleleyo kwangoko
-Ukugcina i-engile enyukayo
-Betha eyona ndawo ucofe kuyo
-Ukusebenzisa isiqhoboshi esiphezulu emva kokucofa
-Ukufaka uxinzelelo lwasemva kwi-elevator ye-aerodynamic braking
Iindlela zokuHlala kwiNdawo ethambileyo kwiC172 yakho
akho inqwelo-moya ifuna ukuphathwa okukhethekileyo kwimigangatho engalungiswanga. Ubuchwephesha bebala elithambileyo bunceda ukugcina ubunzima kwivili lempumlo ngelixa ugcina amandla enqwelomoya yakho.
Iingqwalasela zoMphezulu weC172:
-Ingca yonyusa umgama wokumisa ngama-45%
-Indawo ezimanzi zifuna umgama ongaphezulu we-30-40%.
-Useto lwamandla aphezulu luyafuneka ngexesha lokusondela
-Ivili lempumlo kufuneka lihlale lilula kulo lonke ukukhutshwa
akho uluhlu lokuhlola ikunceda ulungelelanise iimeko zomphezulu:
-Sebenzisa iiflaphu ezingama-20° xa unqumla umoya
-Gcina amandla awongezelelweyo ngokujikeleza
-Hlala kwisiphumo somhlaba ixesha elide
-Thetha phantsi ngesantya esilawulekayo somoya
-Gcina uxinzelelo lwasemva kulo lonke ukukhutshwa
akho yeenqwelomoya utshintsho lomsebenzi luninzi ngokusekelwe kwiimeko ezingaphezulu. Ubude bengca, isiqulatho sokufuma, kunye nokuqina komphezulu kuchaphazela umgama wakho wokufika. Indlela ephantsi inceda ukuvavanya indawo yokumisa phambi kokucofa ukuba awuqinisekanga ngeemeko zomphezulu.
Icebiso Pro: Ukuziqhelanisa rhoqo nomqeqeshi kwi-C172 yakho kubalulekile. Ezi ndlela ziphucukileyo zakhela enye kwenye, kwaye ukuba ngcono kwenye kaninzi kuphucula ukusebenza kwakho kwabanye.
isiphelo
Ukufika kwi-C172 kufuna nje ukuzibophelela, ukuziqhelanisa, kunye nomfanekiso opheleleyo weendlela ezifanelekileyo. Impumelelo yakho ixhomekeke kwizantya ezichanekileyo, ixesha elichanekileyo lomlilo, kunye nendlela ophatha ngayo ukuhla kwazo zonke iintlobo kwinqwelomoya yakho.
Ezi zinto zibalulekileyo zenza ukuba yonke indawo isebenze:
-Iindlela ezizinzisiweyo ezinobumbeko olufanelekileyo
-Ulawulo lwesantya ngolawulo lwamandla olukrelekrele
-Ixesha elichanekileyo lomlilo kumphakamo ochanekileyo
-Iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokulungiswa kwe-crosswind
Ukufika ngakunye kuzisa imingeni yako. Uyakwakha ukuzithemba kwi-cockpit yakho ngokuziqhelanisa rhoqo. Qala ngeenkqubo ezilula zokumisa kwaye usebenze indlela yakho ukuya kwiimeko eziphambili ezinje ngokuwela umoya, ibala elifutshane, kunye nokusebenza kwentsimi ethambileyo.
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abanamava babeka ukhuseleko kwindawo yokuqala. Abacingi kabini malunga nokujikeleza xa kukho into engalunganga. Ukuziqhelanisa rhoqo kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo ziya kukunceda ukuba ubethelele ezo ndawo zigudileyo, zokuhla ngobuchule ezibonisa ubumoya bokwenyani.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela yokuhlawulela isikolo sokubhabha.
