Intshayelelo kwiMikhosi eZine zokubhabha
Wakha wazibuza ukuba yeyiphi na amandla omlingo avumela ezo ntaka zikhulu zentsimbi ukuba zibhabhe ngaphandle komgudu esibhakabhakeni? Ewe, imfihlo ilele ekulawuleni iMikhosi emine yeFlight - ukuphakamisa, ubunzima, ukutyhala, kunye nokutsala. Njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya okanye i-aviation geek, ukufumana ukuqonda okuqinileyo kwezi zixhobo kubalulekile.
Esi sikhokelo sikuthatha phantsi kwe-hood ukuze uqonde ngokwenene nganye yezi mikhosi kunye nendlela zonke ezisebenzisana ngayo ngexesha lezigaba ezahlukeneyo zenqwelomoya. Ukusuka kwi-adrenaline-pumping off apho i-thrush kunye ne-lift ingookumkani, ukuya kuhambo loxolo apho yonke into imalunga nokubetha ibhalansi egqibeleleyo, yonke indlela ukuya kwimidaniso ethambileyo yokwehla kunye nokumisa.
Kodwa akukhona nje malunga nokwazi iikhonsepthi. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka babe ziincutshe zokulawula le mikhosi ngolawulo olululo kunye nokulungelelanisa ulungelelwaniso lwenqwelomoya. Yonke ukuphosa ukwandiswa, ukulungiswa kwepitch, okanye intshukumo ye-throttle yimpendulo ebalwayo ukugcina le mikhosi ihambelana. Yibethelele kwaye uhambe kakuhle. Sphuncuka kwaye… kulungile, masithi imithetho yefiziksi ayinakuxolela!
Ke, bopha iqhosha kwaye ulungele ukuphelisa umlingo owenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya. Lawula le Mikhosi yeFlight, kwaye uya kufumana uxabiso olutsha malunga nokuchongwa okuchanekileyo okwenziwa kwinqanaba ngalinye lokubhabha.
Imikhosi emine yeFlight: Ukuqonda uMkhosi wokuQala - Phakamisa
I-Phenomenon ye-Lift
Ukuphakamisa lilitye lembombo lokubhabha, amandla achasene nomxhuzulane aze aqhubele inqwelomoya esibhakabhakeni. Iveliswa yintshukumo yenqwelomoya emoyeni, ngokukodwa umahluko woxinzelelo owenziwe kumacala ahlukeneyo omoya. amaphiko endiza. Uyilo lwephiko, kunye nokuma kwalo okhethekileyo, livumela lo mahluko kuxinzelelo, okwenza ukuphakamisa kunokwenzeka. Ukuqonda ukuphakama kubandakanya ukuphonononga kwi imigaqo ye-aerodynamics, intsimi ehlola indlela umoya odibana ngayo nezinto ezihambayo.
Indima yoyilo lwePhiko
Indlela eyilwe ngayo amaphiko enqwelo-moya inendima ebalulekileyo ekunyuseni umgangatho. Amaphiko enziwe ukuba abe nomphezulu ogobileyo kunye nomphezulu othe tyaba osezantsi, ulungelelwaniso olwaziwa ngokuba ifoyile yomoya. Le milo iququzelela ukuhamba komoya ngokukhawuleza phezulu, idala indawo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nomzantsi wephiko. Umahluko woxinzelelo ukhokelela kumandla aphezulu - ukuphakamisa. Iinjineli ziyila ngobuchule amaphiko ukuze zikwazi ukuphakama, ziqwalasela izinto ezifana nobukhulu, ukumila kunye ne-engile yokuhlasela (i-engile ephakathi kwephiko nomoya ozayo).
Indlela ILift elawulwa ngayo
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banamandla okulawula kunye nokulawula ukuphakama ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukulungelelanisa i-angle yokuhlaselwa, ukutshintsha isantya senqwelomoya, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezifana ne-flaps kunye ne-slats kumaphiko zonke iindlela zokuguqula ubungakanani bokuphakanyiswa okwenziwe. Olu hlengahlengiso lubalulekile ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ohambo lwenqwelo-moya, olufana nokusuka, ukuhamba ngenqanawa, kunye nokuma, nto leyo evumela ukuhamba kakuhle nangokukhuselekileyo kwenqwelo-moya.
Imikhosi emine yeFlight: Ukuphonononga uMkhosi weSibini - uMxhuzulane
Utsalo Olungenakuthintelwa
Umxhuzulane, amandla atsalela yonke into kumbindi woMhlaba, adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubhabha. Isebenza njenge-counterforce yendalo ukuphakamisa, ukutsalela rhoqo inqwelomoya ezantsi. Ukuqonda nokulawula umxhuzulane kubalulekile kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, njengoko kuphembelela ukuphakama kwenqwelomoya kunye nokuzinza. Ukutsalwa komxhuzulane yinto engaguqukiyo, nto leyo eyenza ibe ngamandla anokuqikelelwa ekunokuthiwa ngawo ukucwangciswa kwendiza nokusebenza.
Ibhalansi phakathi kweLift kunye neGravity
Ukufikelela kwinqwelomoya sisenzo sokulungelelanisa phakathi kokuphakanyiswa kunye nomxhuzulane. Ukuze inqwelo-moya inyuke, ukuphakama kufuneka kudlule umxhuzulane; ukuhla, umxhuzulane kufuneka uvunyelwe woyise ukuphakamisa. Olu lungelelwano lucekethekileyo lubangela ukuba iinqwelo-moya zinduluke, zihambe ngenqanawa kwindawo ephakamileyo, zize zifike emhlabeni. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bamele babe nobuchule bokulawula oku kulungelelana, besebenzisa ulwazi abanalo kunye nolawulo lwenqwelo-moya ukuze balawule imikhosi edlalwayo.
Impembelelo yobunzima
Impembelelo yomxhuzulane kwinqwelo-moya iphenjelelwa ngokuthe ngqo bubunzima bayo. Inqwelomoya enzima ifuna ukunyuswa ngakumbi ukoyisa umxhuzulane, onokuthi uphunyezwe ngokunyusa isantya, ukulungelelanisa i-engile yohlaselo, okanye zombini. Ukuqwalaselwa kobunzima bubalulekile ngexesha lokucwangcisa inqwelomoya, okuchaphazela ukubalwa kwamafutha, ukunduluka kunye neenkqubo zokumisa, kunye nokusebenza kwendiza iyonke. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kunye nabasebenzi beenqwelo-moya babala ngokucokisekileyo kwaye balawule ubunzima ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwimisebenzi yenqwelomoya.
Imikhosi emine yeFlight: Ukutyhala koMkhosi weSithathu kucacisiwe
Ukuvelisa intshukumo ePhambili
I-Thrust ngamandla aqhubela inqwelo-moya phambili, eyoyisa ukuxhathisa komoya kwaye ayivumele ukuba yenze ukuphakama. Iinjini, nokuba ziqhutywa yijethi okanye ipropeller, zinoxanduva lokuvelisa i-thrust. Ngokukhupha ubunzima kwicala elinye, ii-injini ziqhubela inqwelo moya kwelinye icala, umgaqo ofakwe Umthetho wesithathu kaNewton wokunyakaza. Ukuqonda indlela ii-injini ezivelisa ngayo i-thrust ngundoqo ekubambeni ubunzima be-flight dynamics.
Indima yeeNjini
Ii-injini zisembindini wenkqubo yokuqhubela inqwelo-moya, eyilelwe ukwenza eyona nto iphambili ngobuchule nangokuthembeka. Ngokomzekelo, ii-injini zeJet zifunxa umoya, ziwucinezele, ziwuxube nepetroli, zize ziwuphelise umxube, zikhuphe iigesi ezishushu ngasemva zize ziqhubele inqwelo-moya phambili. Iinjini zokuhambisa umoya zisebenza ngokujikelezisa iincakuba ezityhala umoya ngasemva, zenza intshukumo eya phambili. Uyilo kunye nokusebenza kweenjini ziinkalo ezibalulekileyo zokufunda kuye nabani na obandakanyeka kuphapho.
Ukulawula kunye nokulawula iTrust
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya balawula ukutyhutyha kwenqwelo-moya, behlengahlengisa amandla eenjini. Ukulawula ukutyhala kubalulekile kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okubhabha, ukusuka kugxininiso olunamandla olufunekayo ukunduluka ukuya kutsho kuncitshiso ofunekayo ukuze uhlale kakuhle. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka baqonde indlela yokulungelelanisa ukutyhala kunye namanye amandla okubhabha, baqinisekise iimeko zokubhabha ezikhuselekileyo nezisebenzayo.
Imikhosi emine yeFlight: Ukwaphula uMkhosi weSine - Tsala
Ukuchasa Ukubhabha
Ukutsala ngamandla okubhabha emoyeni achasene nokuhamba kwenqwelomoya emoyeni, luhlobo oluthile lokukhuhlana ekufuneka loyiswe ukuze kugcinwe ukubhabha. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zokudonsa: i-parasitic drag, equka ukutsalwa kwefom, ukukhuhlana kwesikhumba, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuphazamiseka; kunye nokutsala okunyanzeliswayo, okuhambelana nokuveliswa kokuphakanyiswa. Ukuziqonda zombini ezi ndidi kubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha.
Uyilo lweNqwelo-moya oluNciphisa njani ukutsalwa
Abaqulunqi beenqwelo-moya benza umgama omde ukuze banciphise ukutsala, basebenzise iimilo ezicekethekileyo, ezisebenza emoyeni ezinciphisa ukuxhathisa. Yonk’ into ukususela ekugudimeni komphezulu wenqwelo-moya ukusa kwindlela emile ngayo amaphiko nomzimba wayo iphuculwe ukuze inqumle kakuhle emoyeni. Izinto eziphucukileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe bukwasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukutsala, okufana neengubo ezikhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo zamaphiko ezinjengamaphiko, ezinciphisa i-vortices eyandisa i-drag.
Izicwangciso ezilinga zokuNciphisa ukutsalwa
Ukunciphisa ukutsalwa yingqwalasela ebalulekileyo kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya abajolise ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwenqwelomoya nokusebenza kakuhle. Basebenzisa iindlela ezininzi ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa lo mkhosi uchasayo ngexesha lezigaba ezahlukeneyo zokubhabha. Elinye iqhinga eliqhelekileyo kukulungelelanisa umphakamo wokuhamba ngenqanawa, ukuthatha ithuba lokuxinana komoya okuncitshisiweyo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo apho ukutsalwa kusezantsi. Oku kuvumela inqwelomoya ukuba ifezekise isantya esikhulu kunye noqoqosho olungcono lwamafutha.
Ukongezelela, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bacokisekile malunga nokulungelelaniswa kweenqwelo-moya, bahlehlise ngononophelo isixhobo sokumisa kunye neeflaphu emva kokumka ukuze ulungelelanise iprofayile ye-aerodynamic. Ngaphambi kokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, bacwangcisa ngononophelo iindlela zokunqanda iindawo ezilindelekileyo zemozulu embi, njengemimoya ebhudla ngamandla okanye isiphithi-phithi, enokunyusa kakhulu ukutsala. Ngokulawula ngenkuthalo ezi zinto, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya banokukhupha ukusebenza okuphezulu kwinqwelomoya yabo ngelixa behlisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha kunye neendleko zokusebenza.
Indlela uMbhexeshi wenqwelomoya ayilawula ngayo imikhosi emine yokubhabha
Isakhono somqhubi wenqwelo-moya ukulawula ngobuchule amandla amane okubhabha – ukuphakamisa, ubunzima, ukutyhala, nokurhuqa – sisiphelo soqeqesho olunzima namava. Ngexesha lokunduluka kunye nokunyuka, bahlengahlengisa ngokuthe ngqo ukutyhala kunye nesimo sengqondo ukuze bakhe ukuphakamisa okwaneleyo ukoyisa ubunzima kunye nokutsala.
Kuhambo ngenqanawa, baphungula inqwelomoya ukuze bafikelele kwi-equilibrium apho ilifti ilingana nobunzima ngelixa izixhobo zokubala ziyarhuqa. Ukuhla kunye nokuhla kudinga ukuguqulwa kwepitch, iisetingi zeflap, kunye namandla okulawula ukuchithwa kwe-lift kunye nokopha kwesantya. Ngalo lonke ixesha, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bahlala bephaphile ekutshintsheni i-atmospheric, ukulungelelanisa amagalelo okulawula ukuchasana nokuguquguquka kwemimoya, i-tailwinds, ukuxinana komoya, kunye nesiphithiphithi esinokuphazamisa ulungelelwaniso lwamandla obuthathaka.
Ukuqonda okubukhali komqhubi wenqwelo-moya kuguqulela kuhlengahlengiso oluchanekileyo lwe-engile yohlaselo, ukutshayela imiphezulu yolawulo, kunye negalelo lokuthomalalisa - ukuchongwa okuqhubekayo kwamagalelo ukulungelelanisa ukusebenzisana kwemikhosi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukubhabha okuzinzileyo, okusebenzayo kuzo zonke iirhulumente.
Indima Yemikhosi Emine Yokubhabha Kumanqanaba Ahlukeneyo Okubhabha
Ngexesha lokunduluka, ukutyhala kunye nokuphakamisa abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kufuneka balawule. I-thrust ekuqaleni yenziwa nkulu ukoyisa ukutsala kunye nokukhawulezisa inqwelomoya ezantsi kumgaqo weenqwelo-moya. Njengoko i-airspeed ikhula, ukuphakamisa ngokuthe ngcembe kwakha de ekugqibeleni kugqithise ubunzima, ukuvumela inqwelomoya ukuba ibe nomoya. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka babeke iliso ngononophelo kwaye bahlengahlengise isandi ukuze baphakamise ivili lempumlo, bajikelezisa amaphiko aye kweyona engile yohlaselo ukuze baqhube kakuhle. Ukungabi nzulu kakhulu okanye umnqantsa kakhulu we-engile yokunyuka kunokubeka ukhuseleko emngciphekweni.
Kanye ekuphakameni okuhamba ngenqanawa, iMikhosi eZine yeFlight ingena kwindawo eethe-ethe equilibrium. I-Thrust iyancitshiswa ukuya kobuncinci obufunekayo ukuchasana nokutsalwa ngelixa ugcina ukuphakama. I-Lift ilingana nobunzima, ivumela ukuhamba kwinqanaba. Nangona kunjalo, le meko i-ethe-ethe-nakuphi na ukuphazamiseka okusemoyeni okufana nesaqhwithi okanye imimoya eshukumayo kufuna amagalelo olawulo lwe-deft ukulungelelanisa amandla. Ngexesha lokuhla kunye nokuhla, ukutsalwa kunye nokunyuswa kuye kucuthwe kancinci kancinci ngesandi esinengqiqo kunye notshintsho lolungelelwaniso njengoko ukutyhala kubuyela umva ukuthoba isantya. Ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo unxibelelwano kuthintela iindawo zokuthengisela, ukudubuleka okanye amazinga agqithisileyo okwehla.
Ukudibana kweMikhosi eZine zokubhabha ekuBhabheni iNqwelomoya
Imikhosi emine yokubhabha - ukuphakamisa, ubunzima, ukutyhala, kunye nokutsala - zidityaniswe ngokungenakuhluthwa, kunye neenguqu kwenye ngokuqinisekileyo zichaphazela ezinye. Olu nxibelelwano lucekethekileyo lufuna ukulawulwa rhoqo ngabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuze bagcine inqwelomoya elawulwayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukwandisa umnqweno wokufumana isantya somoya kwakhona iphakamisa ukutsalwa, ifuna uhlengahlengiso lokunyusa ngotshintsho lwe-pitch ukunqanda ukuphulukana nokuphakama. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukubhenkca inqwelomoya ukuba ijike inyusa ukuphakama kwelinye iphiko ngelixa iyancipha kwelinye, ingenisa umqulu omele ubalwe ngokufakwa kwe-aileron echaseneyo.
Ukuqonda unxibelelwano kubandakanya ukuqaphela indlela amandla ngamnye aphendula ngayo kwigalelo lokulinga kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo ezifana nokuxinana komoya, umoya, ulungelelwaniso lwenqwelomoya, kunye nokulayisha. I-pitch, ibhanki, amandla, kunye nezinye izinto kufuneka zilungiswe ngokuchanekileyo kwikonsathi ukufezekisa iinjongo zokusebenza ezinqwenelekayo. Okuninzi kakhulu okanye kuncinci kakhulu kulo naliphi na igalelo lingaphinda-phinda ngokukhawuleza kumandla, okunokukhokelela kwizitali, ukujikelezisa, okanye ukuphulukana nolawulo. Ngokuyiqonda nzulu le ndlela yokukhetha amandla, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya banokuziqhelanisa ngokucokisekileyo kuyo nayiphi na imeko, baqinisekise utshintsho olugudileyo phakathi kokunyuka, ukuhamba ngenqanawa, ukuhla, kunye nezigaba zokumisa ngenqwelomoya.
Uqeqesho lokuba nguMqali weenqwelo-moya: Ukugqwesa iMikhosi emine
Isiseko sokulawula imikhosi emine yokubhabha - ukuphakamisa, ubunzima, ukutyhala kunye nokutsala - kuqala izikolo zokubhabha. Apha, abaqhubi beenqwelo moya zabafundi bafumana imiyalelo ebanzi yaseklasini kwimigaqo ye-aerodynamic, iinkqubo zenqwelomoya, kunye nobudlelwane obuntsonkothileyo phakathi kwala mandla. Bafunda indlela yokubala nokuyilawula amandla ngokusebenzisa intshukumo elawulwayo yolawulo lwenqwelo-moya, ekugqibeleni ibenza bakwazi ukwalathisa intshukumo yenqwelomoya.
Ngelixa ulwazi lwethiyori lubonelela ngesiseko, uqeqesho olubanzi lwepraktikhali lubalulekile ngokulinganayo. Kwizikolo zeenqwelo-moya, abafundi baqala ngokuqhuba okusisiseko kwinqwelo-moya encinane yoqeqesho phantsi kokhokelo olubukhali lwabahlohli abaqinisekisiweyo. Njengoko ubugcisa bukhula, baqhubela phambili kwiinqwelomoya ezintsonkothileyo kunye neemeko, baphucula amandla abo okugcina ulawulo oluchanekileyo kwimikhosi emine kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubhabha, iimeko zemozulu kunye neemeko ezingxamisekileyo. Iiyure ezingenakubalwa zamava ziqokelelwa ukuphuhlisa inkumbulo ebalulekileyo yezihlunu kunye nezakhono zokuthatha izigqibo zesibini.
Isikolo seFlight njenge Florida Flyers Flight Academy ibeka isiseko esibalulekileyo, kodwa uhambo oluya ekubeni ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya ophumelele ngokwenene ludlulela ngaphaya kwesiqinisekiso sokuqala. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abatsha kufuneka baqhubeke nokwakha amava kwaye bahlale benolwazi ngemimiselo eguqukayo, iinkqubo kunye nobuchwepheshe ngoqeqesho oluqhubekayo. Ngaphezu kwako konke, bamele bahlakulele intlonelo enzulu ngemikhosi emine, beqonda ukuba ukuphoswa komzuzwana kunokuba nemiphumo eyintlekele. Ukuqonda la mandla kufuna ukuzibophelela kobomi bonke ekufundeni, ukuchaneka kunye nokuphaphela okungagungqiyo kwisibhakabhaka esihlala sitshintsha.
isiphelo
I-Four Forces of Flight yimigaqo esisiseko eyenza ukuhamba ngeenqwelo moya kwenzeke, elawula ukusebenza kunye nobuchule benqwelomoya. Ukusukela kwisizukulwana sokuphakamisa ukuya kulawulo lomxhuzulane, ukutyhala, kunye nokutsalwa, la mandla asebenzisana ngeendlela ezintsonkothileyo ukuze akwazi ukubhabha. Ukuqonda nokukwazi ukuyiqonda le migaqo kubalulekile kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, iinjineli, nabathandi beenqwelo-moya ngokufanayo, nto leyo enikela uxabiso olunzulu ngemimangaliso yokubhabha. Njengoko itekhnoloji ihambela phambili kunye nokuqonda kwethu i-aerodynamics iya isiba nzulu, ukuphononongwa okuqhubekayo kwezi mikhosi kuya kuqhubela phambili ikamva lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kwindawo entsha.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neKhosi yeSikolo saBucala esiLingayo.
