Intshayelelo kwi-Airfoil
Umbono wokubhabha uye watsala uluntu kangangeenkulungwane, kwaye i-airfoil imi entliziyweni yalo mtsalane. I-airfoil, kwimo yayo esisiseko, yimilo enqamlezayo eyenzelwe ukuvelisa ukuphakama xa umoya ujikeleza ngeenxa zonke. Ezi zimilo zixhaphake kumaphiko eentaka, amaphiko e-wind turbine, kwaye ngokugqithiseleyo, kumaphiko eenqwelo-moya.
Uphononongo lweefoyile zomoya kunye neempawu zazo sisiseko se iAerodynamics, isebe lefiziksi elijongene nokuhamba komoya kunye nolunye ulwelo lwegesi, kunye namandla asebenza kwimizimba eshukumayo ngaphakathi kwezo ziselo. Iimpawu zefoyile yomoya zinokwahluka kakhulu, ukusuka kuyilo olucekethekileyo, olubhityileyo lwephiko lenqwelomoya yokulwa ukuya kumhlaba obanzi, ogoso wesityibilizi.
Ukuze uqonde impembelelo enzulu, ebenayo kwitekhnoloji nakwizothutho, umntu kufuneka aqale aqonde imigaqo yabo esisiseko. Ukuqondwa okunzulu kobuchwephesha bayo akupheleli nje ekuchazeni ukuba iinqwelomoya ezinkulu zihlala njani phezulu kodwa zikwakhulisa ulwazi lwethu malunga nenkqubela phambili enokubakho kumoya ojikelezayo.
Ukuqonda iNzululwazi ngasemva kwefoyile yomoya
Inzululwazi ngasemva kweefoyile zomoya zimiliselwe kwimigaqo emibini engundoqo ye-fluid dynamics: umgaqo kaBernoulli kunye nomthetho wesithathu kaNewton wokunyakaza. Umgaqo kaBernoulli uthi ukunyuka kwesantya solwelo kwenzeka ngaxeshanye kunye nokuncipha koxinzelelo okanye ukuncipha kwamandla anokubakho kulwelo. Lo mgaqo ubalulekile ekucaciseni umahluko woxinzelelo ongentla nangaphantsi kwefoyile yomoya enegalelo kwimveliso yokunyusa.
Umthetho wesithathu kaNewton wentshukumo, othi kwisenzo ngasinye kukho ukusabela okulinganayo nokuchasayo, ukwasebenza kumsebenzi weefoyile. Njengoko i-airflow iqondiswe ezantsi nge-foil, amandla aphezulu asebenzayo ayenziwa, anamava njengokunyusa. Oku kunyuswa koko kwenza ukuba iinqwelo-moya zinyukele esibhakabhakeni kwaye zigcine ukuphakama ngexesha lokubhabha.
Imilo yenzelwe ukwandisa isantya somoya ngaphezu kwephiko, ngaloo ndlela iyancipha uxinzelelo, ngelixa umoya ongezantsi uhamba ngokucotha ngokuthelekisayo, ugcine uxinzelelo oluphezulu. Oku kungafani koxinzelelo kubangela amandla aphezulu, ukuphakamisa iphiko, kwaye ngenxa yoko, yonke inqwelomoya.
Ivelisa njani iLift?
Ukuveliswa kokunyuswa ngefoyile yomoya yinkqubo entsonkothileyo, iphenjelelwa kakhulu yijiyometri yefoyile yomoya. Umgca ohamba phambili we-foil yinxalenye yokuqala edibana nomoya. Njengoko umoya uqhekeka ukuze uhambe ngapha nangapha kwephiko, i-curvature kunye ne-angle yephiko iqinisekisa ukuba umoya ohamba phezu kwendawo ephezulu unomzila omde kwaye ngoko kufuneka uhambe ngokukhawuleza ukuze udibanise nomoya ohamba ngaphantsi.
Oku kuqukuqela okukhawulezileyo ngaphaya komphezulu kudala indawo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi, ngelixa umoya ohamba kancinci ngaphantsi ugcina uxinzelelo oluphezulu. Indawo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ityhala ngokuchasene noxinzelelo oluphantsi, idala ukunyuswa. Iqondo le-curvature kunye ne-angle apho i-foil idibana nomoya, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-angle yokuhlaselwa, inokulungiswa ukulawula ubungakanani bokunyusa okuveliswayo.
Kwangaxeshanye, umphetho olandela umkhondo wefoyile udlala indima ekuphuculeni ukuhamba komoya njengoko ushiya iphiko, unciphisa isiphithi-phithi kwaye donsa, ezichasene nokunyusa. Ulungelelwano oluntsonkothileyo phakathi kokuphakamisa, ubunzima, ukutyhala, nokurhuqa yeyona nto ivumela inqwelo-moya ukuba ibhabhe kakuhle.
Ukubaluleka kweAerodynamics
Iifoyile zomoya ziintsika ze-aerodynamics, uqeqesho olujongene namandla omoya asebenza kwizinto ezihambayo. Uyilo lwefoyile yomoya aluchaphazeli nje ukunyuswa kodwa nokurhuqa, amandla asebenza ngokuchasene nentshukumo enxulumeneyo yento emoyeni. Ukunciphisa ukutsalwa ngelixa ukwandisa ukuphakama kuyinjongo ebalulekileyo kuyilo lwe-foil.
Ngaphaya koko, azibalulekanga kuphela ekufikeleleni inqwelomoya kodwa nasekugcineni ulawulo lwenqwelomoya. I amaphiko, iilifti, kunye namaphini okujika enqwelo-moya ngokwesiseko ziifoyile zomoya ezincinci ezilawula ukugeleza komoya ukulawula ukuqengqeleka, ukuphakama, kunye nokuzamla, ngokulandelelanayo. Ngaloo ndlela, ezi zixhobo zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kunye nokuzinza kwenqwelomoya.
Impembelelo yobuchwepheshe be-airfoil idlulela ngaphaya kweenqwelo-moya. Imigaqo yokuvelisa i-lift isetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kushishino lweemoto, apho iimilo ze-airfoil zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukutsalwa kunye nokunyusa ukusebenza kwepetroli, ukuya kwezemidlalo, apho iimbaleki zisebenzisa izigcina-ntloko ezinomoya kunye nezixhobo zokufumana inzuzo yokhuphiswano.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zazo
Iifoyile zomoya zingahlelwa ngokubanzi zibe ziindidi ezininzi, nganye ineempawu ezikhethekileyo ezilungiselelwe usetyenziso oluthile. Iifoyile ezilinganayo zinemigangatho efanayo ephezulu nasezantsi, ezenza zilungele iinqwelomoya ezibhabhayo kunye neemoto zomdyarho, apho ukusebenza okungaguqukiyo ngexesha lokubhabha okugwenxa okanye kwii-engile eziphezulu zohlaselo kubalulekile.
Iifoyile ezenziwe ngecambered, ezinomphezulu ogobileyo, ziyilelwe ukuba zinyuse isantya esithe kratya ngesantya esisezantsi, nto leyo ezenza zifanelekele inqwelomoya yabakhweli kunye nezilayidi. Ngeli xesha, iifoyile ezingaphezulu zibonakalisa umphezulu othe tyaba ukulibazisa ukuqala kwamaza othusayo ngesantya esiphezulu, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ukutsala kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza.
Ubunzima kunye nokuma kwe-foil nayo idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiimpawu zayo. Iifoyile zomoya ezicekethekileyo zidla ngokusetyenziswa kwinqwelomoya enesantya esiphezulu ukunciphisa ukutsala, ngelixa iifoyile zomoya ezishinyeneyo zibonelela ngenkxaso yesakhiwo kwaye zifunyanwa kwinqwelomoya ecothayo, enzima.
Imiba echaphazela iLift Generation yeAirfoil
Izinto ezininzi ziphembelela imveliso yokunyuswa kwefoyile yomoya, kubandakanywa ukumila kwefoyile, i-angle yokuhlasela, isantya somoya, kunye neempawu zomoya ngokwawo. Ubume be-foil bumisela ukuhanjiswa koxinzelelo olujikeleze iphiko kwaye ngaloo ndlela ubungakanani bokuphakama obunokuveliswa.
I-angle yokuhlaselwa yi-angle phakathi komgca we-chord we-foil - umgca othe tye othe tye ukusuka ekukhokelela kuyo ukuya kumda wokulandela - kunye ne-airflow ezayo. Eyona engile yohlaselo yandisa ukuphakama ngelixa unciphisa ukutsala; nangona kunjalo, ukugqithiswa kwe-angle kunokukhokelela kwi-stall, apho i-airflow ihlukana nephiko, kwaye ukuphakama kuncitshiswe kakhulu.
I-Airspeed yenye into ebalulekileyo njengoko ilifti ilingana ngokuthe ngqo kwisikwere sesantya somoya odlula phezu kwefoyile yomoya. Ubuninzi bomoya, obuchatshazelwa bubude kunye nobushushu, bukwachaphazela ukunyuswa kuba umoya oshinyeneyo unika iimolekyuli ezininzi ukwenza ukuphakama.
Usetyenziso lwehlabathi lokwenyani lwe-Airfoil
Itekhnoloji ye-Airfoil isetyenziswe ngeendlela ezininzi ezingaphaya kweshishini le-aeronautics. Iiinjini zomoya zisebenzisa iincakuba ezimile okwe-airfoil ukuguqula amandla ekinetic omoya abe ngamandla ombane ngokufanelekileyo. Kwintsimi yobunjineli baselwandle, i-hydrofoils - ukulingana kwamanzi kwezi foil - zisetyenziselwa ukuphakamisa i-hull ye-high-speed boats, ukunciphisa ukudonsa kunye nokwenza isantya esikhulu.
Nakwindawo yolwakhiwo, imigaqo ye-airfoil iyasetyenziswa. Izakhiwo ezithile ezinobude obuphezulu zibandakanya uyilo oluphefumlelweyo lomoya ukunciphisa amandla omoya kunye nokunciphisa ukushukuma. Kwezemidlalo, abakhweli beebhayisikile kunye nabatyibilizi besantya bayaxhamla kwizigcina-ntloko kunye neesuti ezinciphisa ukutsalwa kwe-aerodynamic, ezenza ukuba banyuse isantya.
Ikamva leTekhnoloji yeAirfoil
Ikamva letekhnoloji linesithembiso esikhulu njengoko ukuqhubela phambili kwisayensi yezixhobo kunye ne-computational fluid dynamics (CFD) kukhokelela kuyilo olusebenzayo noluyilayo. Abaphandi baphanda imiphezulu yolawulo esebenzayo enokutshintsha imilo ngexesha lokwenyani, iqhelanise neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokubhabha ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ukufuna ukuzinza kukwaqhuba ukuphuhliswa kweefoyile ezinokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwisantya esisezantsi kunye nesandi esincinci, ukuqwalaselwa okubalulekileyo kwizisombululo zokuhamba komoya ezidolophini ezifana ne-drones kunye neeteksi ezindizayo. Ukuhambela phambili kwi-nanotechnology kungekudala kunokuvumela imiphezulu elawula ukuhamba komoya kwinqanaba lemolekyuli, icuthe ngakumbi ukutsala kunye nokunyusa umgangatho.
Izixhobo zokuqonda ngakumbi iFoil kunye neLift Generation
Kwabo banomdla wokungena nzulu kubuntsonkothi befoyile yomoya kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo zokuphakamisa, ubutyebi bobutyebi buyafumaneka. Iidyunivesithi kunye namaqonga e-intanethi abonelela ngezifundo kwi-aerodynamics kunye nobuchwephesha be-fluid, ebonelela ngolwazi olusisiseko kunye neengqikelelo eziphambili. Iincwadi zezifundo kunye namanqaku ezifundo zibonelela ngohlalutyo oluneenkcukacha kunye neziphumo zophando.
Isoftware yokulinganisa efana neCFD ivumela ukubonwa kunye nokuvavanywa koyilo lwefoyile phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo, ukunika indlela yokuqonda i-aerodynamics. Ukongeza, iimyuziyam kunye namaziko e-aerospace ahlala ebonisa imiboniso kunye neziboniso ezisebenzisanayo ezibonisa imigaqo ye-airfoil esebenzayo.
isiphelo
I-airfoil iyamangalisa yobunjineli kunye nefiziksi, idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni inqwelomoya kunye nokuguqula indlela esinqumla ngayo iglowubhu. Usetyenziso lwayo luthatha uluhlu lwemizi-mveliso, kwaye ikamva layo livuthiwe linamandla okwenza izinto ezintsha. Ukuqonda imigaqo esemva koyilo lwefoyile kunye nesizukulwana sokuphakamisa akukhuthazi nje ukuxabisa imimangaliso yokubhabha kodwa kukwavula umnyango wokuba negalelo kwindaleko yayo.
Kwabo batsalwe kukutsalwa kukubhabha kunye nobuchwephesha befoil, uhambo lokuhlola alunasiphelo njengesibhakabhaka. Nokuba kungezifundo zezifundo, usukelo lobungcali, okanye umdla wobuqu, ifoyile ihlala ingumxholo wembali ebalulekileyo kunye nokubaluleka kwangoku, ukuqhubeka nokunyusa umnqweno wethu ukuya phezulu.
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