Intshayelelo kwiiNjini zeenqwelomoya
Nabani na obandakanyekayo kwibala lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya okanye uthabatheke ngokulula kubuxhakaxhaka bokubhabha, ingxoxo yeenjini zenqwelomoya isembindini. Ezi zixhobo zombane ziyintliziyo yayo nayiphi na inqwelo-moya, eziguqula amafutha zibe sithatha, kwaye ekugqibeleni ivumela iinqwelomoya ukuba zichase umxhuzulane. Ziza ngokweemilo kunye nobukhulu obahlukeneyo, nganye ilungele iintlobo ezithile zenqwelomoya kunye nemishini yokubhabha. Ukuqonda izinto ezintsonkothileyo ezintsonkothileyo zeenjini zeenqwelo-moya akwanelisi nje ukufuna ukwazi kodwa kukwakhulisa uxabiso lukabani ngobunjineli bale mihla.
Ukuvela kwezi njini kubonisa imbali yohambo lwenqwelomoya ngokwalo. Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yeenjini ezilula kodwa ezisebenzayo zabazalwana bakwaWright ukuya kwiiyunithi zamandla ezinobunkunkqele beejeli zala maxesha, uhambo belulude kwaye luphawulwe ngokuyila okumangalisayo. Ii-injini zanamhlanje zisisiphumo sophuhliso olungaphezulu kwenkulungwane, ngokuphindaphindwa ngakunye kuphucuka ekusebenzeni, amandla, kunye nokuthembeka kwabo bandulelayo.
Kwesi sikhokelo sibanzi, siza kuphonononga iintlobo ezintlanu eziphambili zeenjini zenqwelomoya eziqhube inqwelomoya ukusuka ekuqaleni kwayo ukuya kwindawo eziphakamileyo. Uhlobo ngalunye luneempawu ezizodwa kunye neemfuno zokusebenza ezilulwazi olubalulekileyo kuye nawuphi na umntu onqwenela ukukhwela inqwelomoya, injineli ye-aerospace, okanye umntu othanda ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya.
Ukubaluleka kokuqonda iiNjini zeenqwelomoya kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya
Kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, ukuyiqonda ngokucokisekileyo injini yenqwelo-moya kubaluleke njengomatiloshe obaziyo ubucukubhede benqanawa yabo. Idlulela ngaphaya kolwazi lobugcisa; ngumba wokhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokusebenza. Umqhubi wenqwelo-moya owazi kakuhle amasuntswana enjini yenqwelo-moya yakhe unokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi, ingakumbi xa esabela kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga okanye iimeko zongxamiseko. Ulwazi olunjalo lubaxhobisa ukuba basebenzise amandla enjini ngokupheleleyo ngelixa begcina imida yokhuseleko lwenqwelomoya.
Ngaphezu koko, ukuqonda kweenjini zeenqwelo-moya kuya kufikelela ekulungiseleleni ukubhabha. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bakwazi ukuvavanya imeko ye-injini ngexesha ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili kwenqwelomoya, baqonde iiparamitha zokusebenza kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokubhabha, kwaye ulindele ukuba iimeko zokusingqongileyo zinokuchaphazela njani ukusebenza kwenjini. Obu buchule buqinisekisa ukuba inqwelomoya nganye iqhutywa ngowona mgangatho uphezulu wobuchule kunye nokuthobela imigangatho yokhuseleko.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuqhelana komqhubi nenjini yenqwelo-moya yabo kunempembelelo kubomi obude benjini ngokwayo. Ngokusebenza okufanelekileyo kunye nokubekw'esweni okuphaphileyo kweeparamitha ze-injini, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokucutha ukuguga nokukrazuka, banciphise ukubakho kokusilela koomatshini. Lo mba wolwazi lwe-injini awuqinisekisi kuphela amava enqwelomoya akhuselekileyo kodwa ukwanegalelo kuzinzo lwezemali lwemisebenzi yokubhabha ngokunciphisa iindleko zolondolozo kunye nexesha lokuphumla.
Amalungu asisiseko eNjini yenqwelomoya
I-injini yenqwelomoya yintlanganisela entsonkothileyo yamalungu asebenza ngokuhambelanayo ukuvelisa ukutyhala. Embindini weenjini ezininzi kukho igumbi lokutsha, apho ukuguqulwa kwamandla ukusuka kumafutha ukuya kumandla oomatshini kwenzeka. Ukujikeleza eli gumbi eliphakathi ziinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenxalenye eziququzelela le nkqubo.
Ukungena kulapho injini itsala umoya, ethi icinezelwe yicompressor. Iqondo loxinzelelo lichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-injini kunye nokuphuma kwamandla. Ukulandela ukunyanzeliswa, umoya ungena kwigumbi lokutsha, apho udibanisa ne-fuel kwaye uvutha. Ukwandiswa kweegesi okusisiphumo kuqhuba i-injini yomoya, ethi yona inike amandla icompressor kwaye ivelise ukutyhala.
Ukongezelela, ii-injini zibonakalisa inkqubo yokukhupha iigesi zokutsha, inkqubo yepetroli yokulawula ukuhanjiswa kwamafutha, kunye nenkqubo yokutshisa ukuze iqalise inkqubo yokutshisa. Kukwakho neenkqubo ezininzi ezincedisayo zokuthambisa, ukupholisa, kunye nokulawula injini. Ukuqonda la macandelo kubalulekile ukuze ubambe indlela iinjini ezahlukeneyo ezisebenza ngayo kunye nemigaqo esemva koyilo lwazo.
IiNjini zeeNqwelo-moya-Udidi loku-1: Iinjini zePiston
Ilifa leeNjini zePiston
Iinjini zepiston, ezikwaziwa njengeenjini eziphindaphindayo, lolona hlobo ludala lwenjini yenqwelomoya kwaye beziluncedo ekunikeni amandla kwiinqwelomoya ezilawulwayo zokuqala. Umsebenzi wabo uyafana nowenjini yemoto, enepistons ezihamba ngasemva naphambili ngaphakathi kweesilinda ukuguqula amafutha abe ngamandla omatshini. Amandla aveliswa yintshukumo yeepistons aqhuba i-crankshaft, edityaniswe kwipropeller, ityhala inqwelomoya phambili.
Ukuthembeka kunye nokulula kweenjini zepiston ziye zahlala ixesha elide. Ngelixa ingaxhaphakanga kangako kuphapho lwezorhwebo lwale mihla, ezi njini zisasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuphapho jikelele, ngakumbi kwiinqwelomoya ezincinci ezinenjini enye. Udumo lwabo oluhlala luhleli lunokubalelwa kubuchule babo beendleko kunye nokulula kokulungiswa xa kuthelekiswa neentlobo ezintsonkothileyo zeenjini.
Iimpawu zokuSebenza kweeNjini zePiston
Iinjini zepiston zidla ngokuqesha a umjikelo ezine-stroke: ukungena, ukucinezelwa, amandla, kunye nokukhupha. Ngexesha lokubetha, i-injini itsala umoya kwaye ixube namafutha. I-stroke yokunyanzeliswa ilandela, apho umxube uxinzelelwe, ukhokelela kwi-stroke yamandla, apho kwenzeka khona ukutshisa. Ekugqibeleni, i-exhaust stroke ikhupha iigesi ezivuthayo.
Ezi njini zaziwa ngokusebenza kwazo kwindawo ezisezantsi kunye nokukwazi kwazo ukuvelisa amandla aphezulu ngesantya esiphantsi, nto leyo ezenza ukuba zilungele inqwelomoya eqhutywa yipropeller. Nangona kunjalo, azisebenzi kakuhle kwiindawo eziphakamileyo eziphezulu, apho umoya omncinci unciphisa amandla azo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwepetroli kuye kukhuphisane kancinci ngeenjini zomoya.
Ikamva leeNjini zePiston kuPhapho
Ngaphandle kweminyaka yabo, iinjini zepiston ziyaqhubeka nokuvela. Inkqubela phambili yangoku kwizixhobo kunye neteknoloji ikhokelele ekuphuculweni komlinganiselo wobunzima, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha, kunye nokuthembeka. Izinto ezintsha ezifana nenaliti yamafutha e-elektroniki kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lweenjini zekhompyutha ziye zaphucula ngakumbi injini yepiston, iqinisekisa indawo yayo kuphapho kwikamva elibonakalayo.
IiNjini zeNqwelo-moya-Udidi lwesi-2: IiNjini zeTurboprop
Ukuqonda iiNjini zeenqwelomoya zeTurboprop
Iinjini zeTurboprop zingumxube, ukudibanisa imiba yazo zombini iinjini zejethi kunye nepiston. Basebenzisa i-iturbine ukuqhuba ipropeller, kungoko igama. Umsebenzi osisiseko ubandakanya ukutsalwa komoya enjinini, icinezelwe, ixutywe namafutha, ize ibaselwe. Iigesi ezisisiphumo ziqhuba i-iturbine eqhagamshelwe kwi-propeller ngebhokisi yegiya yokunciphisa, elungelelanisa isantya esiphezulu sokujikeleza kwe-iturbine ukuya kwizantya ze-propeller ezifanelekileyo.
Iinjini zeTurboprop zaziwa ngokusebenza kwazo kwisantya esingaphantsi kweMach 0.7 kwaye ziqhele ukufunyanwa kwiinqwelomoya zengingqi, iinqwelomoya zemithwalo, kunye neenqwelomoya zomkhosi. Banikezela ngolungelelwaniso phakathi kokusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha eenjini zepiston kunye nesantya kunye nesakhono sokuphakama kweenjini zejethi.
Izinto eziluncedo kwiiNjini zeenqwelomoya zeTurboprop
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zeenjini ze-turboprop kukusebenza kwazo kwiimvulophu zenqwelomoya ezimfutshane ukuya kweziphakathi. Basebenzisa i-fuel encinci kune-turbojets okanye i-turbofans ngesantya esisezantsi kunye nokuphakama, ukuguqulela kugcino lweendleko kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.
IiTurboprops nazo zibonelela ngokugqwesileyo Ukumka okufutshane kunye nokumisa (STOL) ukusebenza, okwenza ukuba zilungele ukusebenza ukusuka kwiindlela zeenqwelomoya ezimfutshane okanye kumhlaba omagingxigingxi. Olu phawu luvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu ekufikeleleni kwiindawo ezikude, ezinokuthi zibaluleke kwiindidi ezithile zemishini yokubhabha.
IiTurboprops kuBume beNdawo yoPhapho namhlanje
Ukusetyenziswa kweenjini ze-turboprop kusaxhaphakile kuphapho lwangoku, ngakumbi kwiindawo apho iimpawu zazo ezizodwa ziluncedo kakhulu. Abavelisi bayaqhubeka nokutyala imali kuphando nakuphuhliso ukunyusa ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenjini ze-turboprop. Ikamva lee-turboprops lihlala likhuselekile njengoko liziqhelanisa nokuvela kweemfuno zentengiso kunye nokuqwalaselwa kokusingqongileyo.
IiNjini zeNqwelo-moya-Udidi lwesi-3: IiNjini zeTurbojet
Ukunyuka kweeNjini zeTurbojet
Iinjini ze-Turbojet zimele ukuqhubela phambili okubonakalayo kuyilo lwenjini yenqwelomoya kwaye ziyafana nokusa kwexesha lejethi. Kwi-turbojet, umoya ungena kwi-injini, ixinzelelwe, ixutywe namafutha, kwaye ivutha. Ukwandiswa kweegesi kuqhuba i-injini yomoya kwaye emva koko ikhutshwe ngesantya esiphezulu ngaphandle kwe-exhaust, idala i-thrust.
Olu hlobo lweenjini zenqwelo-moya lugqwesa kwinqwelo-moya ebaleka ngesantya esiphezulu nakwindawo ephakamileyo, nto leyo eyenza ilungele iijethi zomkhosi nezinye iinqwelo-moya ezirhwebayo. Uyilo lwe-turbojet luyivumela ukuba ivelise ijethi eqhubelekayo nenamandla, inqwelo-moya eqhubelekayo ngesantya ebesingenakucingelwa ngaphambili.
Imiba yokuSebenza kweeNjini zeTurbojet
IiTurbojets zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwindawo ephezulu ukuphakama apho umoya uncinci khona, njengoko zingaxhomekekanga kuxinzelelo lomoya ukutyhala kwazo njengoko zinjalo iinjini eziqhutywa yi-propeller. Izakhono zabo zesantya esiphezulu nazo zibenza bafaneleke indiza ephezulu, i-domain apho baye baba ziinjini ezikhethiweyo zokulwa kunye neenqwelo-moya zokuqaphela.
Nangona kunjalo, ii-turbojets aziwongi amafutha kwisantya esisezantsi kunye nokuphakama, okukhokelele ekwehleni kwabo kuphapho lwentengiso ngokuthanda uyilo olusebenzayo ngakumbi. Amazinga abo engxolo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwepetroli kuye kwabangela ukuba ishishini lifune ezinye iintlobo zeenjini zeenqwelomoya ezininzi zabantu.
IiTurbojets kwixesha langoku
Ngelixa ii-turbojets ubukhulu becala ziye zathatyathelwa indawo ziinjini eziphambili nezisebenzayo kuphapho lwentengiso, zisenayo indawo yazo kwinqwelomoya yomkhosi enesantya esiphezulu kunye nezinye izicelo ezizodwa. Uphuculo lwetekhnoloji luyaqhubeka nokuphucula ukusebenza kwabo, kodwa indima yabo iye yakhetheka ngakumbi njengoko ezinye iintlobo ze-injini ziye zaphakama.
IiNjini zeNqwelo-moya-Udidi lwesi-4: IiNjini zeTurbofan
Ukuvela kweeNjini zeenqwelomoya zeTurbofan
Iinjini zeenqwelomoya zeTurbofan zingummangaliso wale mihla wokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, ezimele inguquko ye-injini ye-turbojet. Zibonisa ifeni enkulu ngaphambili, engancedisi kuphela kuxinzelelo lomoya kumbindi we-injini kodwa iphinda idlule umoya ojikeleze umbindi, ivelise ukutyhala okongeziweyo. Lo moya odlulayo, opholileyo kwaye uhamba ngesantya esicothayo, ukhokelela ekongezeni kokusebenza kwamafutha kunye nokuncipha kwengxolo xa kuthelekiswa neeturbojets ezisulungekileyo.
Ii-Turbofans lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lweenjini zenqwelomoya ezifumaneka kwiinqwelomoya zentengiso namhlanje ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okugqwesileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezantya kunye nokuphakama. Banikezela ngezakhono zesantya esiphezulu se-turbojets ngelixa bebonelela ngobuchule bamafutha obufunekayo kwiinqwelomoya ezinde.
Iimpawu kunye neNzuzo yeeNjini zeenqwelomoya zeTurbofan
Iinjini zeenqwelomoya zeTurbofan zifumaneka ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokudlula, ezibonisa ubungakanani bomoya odlula kumbindi we-injini xa kuthelekiswa nesixa esihamba kuyo. Ii-turbofans ze-high-bypass zidla ngokusetyenziswa kwiinqwelomoya zorhwebo kwaye zibonelela ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu olunosetyenziso oluphantsi lwamafutha kunye namanqanaba engxolo. I-Low-bypass turbofans ixhaphake kakhulu kwiinqwelomoya zomkhosi, apho ukusebenza kwesantya esiphezulu kubekwe phambili.
Uyilo lweenjini zeenqwelomoya ze-turbofan zikwavumela ulungelelwaniso olukhulu lokutyhala ukuya kubunzima, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwinqwelomoya enkulu efuna ukutyhala kakhulu ukuze ihambe emoyeni. Ukongeza, umoya opholileyo ophuma kumoya ogqithisiweyo ukhokelela kwimithintelo engabonakaliyo, enokuba luncedo kwiinqwelomoya zomkhosi ezifuna ukugcina iprofayile ephantsi.
Ulawulo lweeNjini zeenqwelomoya zeTurbofan kuPhapho
Ukuxhaphaka kweenjini ze-turbofan kwisibhakabhaka sanamhlanje bubungqina bokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa nokusebenza kwazo. Baye baba lihashe lomsebenzi wecandelo lezophapho lwezorhwebo, kunye nokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwimathiriyeli kunye ne-aerodynamics ekhokelela kuyilo olusebenzayo nolunamandla ngakumbi. Ngaphaya koko, ukutyhala kwenqwelomoya eluhlaza kunabenzi be-turbofan abaphonononga itekhnoloji entsha ukunciphisa ngakumbi ukukhutshwa kunye nengxolo.
IiNjini zeNqwelo-moya-Udidi lwesi-5: IiNjini zeTurboshaft
Ukuphonononga iiNjini zeenqwelomoya zeTurboshaft
Iinjini zenqwelomoya ze-Turboshaft luhlobo lwe-injini ye-injini ye-injini yegesi eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuhambisa amandla kwishaft eqhuba enye into ngaphandle kwe-propeller. Olu hlobo lwe-injini luxhaphake kakhulu kwi-helicopter, apho i-shaft inika amandla ama-rotor blades. Ngokufana nee-injini ze-turboprop, ii-turboshafts zisebenzisa ijenereyitha yerhasi ukuqhuba i-injini yomoya, kodwa endaweni yokuqhuba i-propeller, i-injini yomoya yomoya ithumela amandla ngeshafti ukuya kwiirotha zenqwelo-ntaka okanye abanye oomatshini, njengakwizinto ezisetyenziswa elwandle.
Uyilo lwazo luvumela iinjini ezihlangeneyo kunye nezikhaphukhaphu ezibonelela ngomlinganiselo ophezulu wobunzima bobunzima obuyimfuneko Inqwelomoya yokusuka ethe nkqo kunye nokumisa (VTOL).. Iinjini ze-Turboshaft Aircraft zihambisa amandla agudileyo, athembekileyo kwaye ziyakwazi ukusebenza kuluhlu olubanzi lweemeko.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweeNjini zeenqwelomoya zeTurboshaft
Iinjini zeTurboshaft zithandwa kuyilo lwehelikopta ngenxa yokukwazi ukuvelisa amandla aphezulu ngelixa zigcina ubunzima obuphantsi. Olu phawu lubalulekile kwiinqwelo-ntaka, ezixhomekeke kumandla e-injini ukundanda nokuhamba kwisithuba esimacala-ntathu. Ukuphendula kweenjini ze-turboshaft kukwayinto ephambili, evumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo kwisantya kunye ne-pitch ye-rotor blades.
Ukongeza kwii-helicopter, ii-injini ze-turboshaft zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo apho kufuneka amandla athembekileyo e-shaft. Zinokufumaneka kumatanki, kwizixhobo zokuvelisa amandla, nakwiinqanawa zolwandle ezinesantya esiphezulu. Ukuguquguquka kweenjini ze-turboshaft kuzenza zibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kumacandelo amaninzi angaphaya kweenqwelomoya.
Ikamva leeNjini zeenqwelomoya zeTurboshaft
Imfuno eqhubekayo yeenjini ze-turboshaft ezisebenza ngakumbi nezinamandla ziqhuba ukutsha okuqhubekekayo kule ndawo. Ukuqhubela phambili kwisayensi yezinto eziphathekayo kunye iAerodynamics zithembisa ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa indawo engqongileyo yezi njini. Njengoko itekhnoloji entsha efana nokuveliswa okongeziweyo kunye namafutha angamanye ziphononongwa, iinjini ze-turboshaft ziyakubona uphuhliso olubalulekileyo kwiminyaka ezayo.
Indlela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abalusebenzisa ngayo uhlobo ngalunye lweNjini yeNqwelo-moya
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka babe nobuchule bokulawula iimpawu zokusebenza ezahlukileyo zodidi ngalunye lwe-injini yenqwelo-moya ukwandisa ukusebenza nokhuseleko. Kwiinjini zeenqwelomoya zepiston, oku kubandakanya ukubeka esweni amaqondo obushushu kunye noxinzelelo lokunqanda ukuxinana kwe-injini. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka balawule umxube wokulawula umxube ukuze baqinisekise umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo we-fuel-to-air, oguquguqukayo ngokobude.
Xa usebenzisa ii-injini zeenqwelomoya ze-turboprop, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka baqaphele imida yetorque kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kokuphakama kwepropeller namandla enjini. Kufuneka kwakhona baqwalasele iimpawu zokuphatha ezizodwa eziza namandla ongezelelweyo abonelelwa yi-injini yomoya.
Kwi-turbojet kunye neenjini zenqwelomoya ze-turbofan, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya bagxile ekulawuleni useto lwethrust ukunyusa isantya kunye nokutshiswa kwamafutha. Ezi njini zifuna ukubekwa esweni ngononophelo ngexesha lezigaba ezibalulekileyo zokubhabha, ezifana nokusuka nokuhla, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zisebenza ngaphakathi kwemida ekhuselekileyo.
Ukusebenza kwe-injini ye-Turboshaft kwiinqwelo-ntaka kufuna ulawulo lwamandla oluchanekileyo ukulawula ukuphakama kunye nesantya se-rotor. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka babe nobuchule bokutolika iigeji ze-injini kwaye baphendule kwiimfuno ezikhawulezayo zenqwelo-moya ye-helicopter, enokuthi ihluke ngokukhawuleza kunye nokutshintsha kobunzima, ukuphakama kunye nobushushu bomoya.
Iintsingiselo zexesha elizayo kwiiNjini zeenqwelomoya
Ikamva leenjini zenqwelomoya libunjwe kukufuna ukusebenza kakuhle, ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, kunye nokusebenza okuphuculweyo. Abavelisi baphonononga uluhlu lwezinto ezintsha, ukusuka kwizinto eziphucukileyo ezinokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu ukuya kwiinkqubo ze-hybrid-electric propulsion systems ezinokuthi ziguqule indlela inqwelomoya esebenza ngayo.
Uphando ngezinye izibaso, ezifana namafutha eenqwelomoya azinzileyo (SAFs) kunye nehydrogen, ikwayinto ebalulekileyo kwikamva leenjini zenqwelomoya. La mafutha anamandla okunciphisa kakhulu i-carbon footprint ye-aviation, ehambelana neenzame zehlabathi zokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ngapha koko, itekhnoloji yedijithali kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa bufumana indlela yabo kuyilo lwenjini kunye nokusebenza. Ukugcinwa okuqikelelwayo, okwenziwa ziingcinga eziphucukileyo kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha, zithembisa ukwandisa ukuthembeka kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokunciphisa iinjini zeenqwelo-moya.
isiphelo
Ihlabathi leenjini zenqwelomoya lahlukene njengoko lintsokothile, uhlobo ngalunye lusebenza ngenjongo ekhethekileyo kummandla womoya. Ukusuka kwiinjini zepiston ezingagungqiyo ezazinika amandla iintsuku zokuqala zokubhabha ukuya kwii-turbofans eziphambili ezithwala izigidi zabakhweli kwihlabathi liphela, ukuqonda le mimangaliso yobunjineli ngundoqo kuye nawuphi na umqhubi wenqwelomoya okanye umthandi wokuhamba ngenqwelomoya.
Njengoko ishishini lijonge kwixesha elizayo, ukuvela kweenjini zenqwelomoya kuya kuqhubeka nokuqhutywa yimigaqo emibini yokusebenza kunye nokuzinza. Ngobuchule kunye nokuzinikela kweenjineli kunye nezazinzulu kwihlabathi liphela, isahluko esilandelayo kwibali leenjini zeenqwelomoya ngokuqinisekileyo siya kuba mnandi njengesokugqibela.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neKhosi yeSikolo saBucala esiLingayo.
