IiNqwelo-moya ziBhabhela phezulu kangakanani: Isikhokelo esiGqibeleleyo kwizinto ezi-4 eziphambili

Ukuphakama kweenqwelomoya kuyahluka ngokusekelwe kuhlobo kunye nenjongo. Iijethi zokurhweba ngokuqhelekileyo zihamba phakathi kwe-35,000 kunye ne-40,000 yeenyawo ngelixa iijethi zangasese zinokufikelela kwii-51,000 ezinyaweni. Esi sikhokelo sichaza izinto ezine eziphambili ezimisela ukuphakama kwenqwelomoya kwaye sibonisa indlela ubude obuchaphazela ngayo ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha, isantya kunye nokhuseleko lomkhweli.

Zibhabhela phezulu kangakanani iinqwelomoya? Iinqwelomoya zorhwebo zihlala zihamba phakathi kwe-35,000 kunye ne-40,000 yeenyawo, ngelixa iinqwelomoya zabucala zihlala zisezantsi kwaye iijethi zomkhosi zinokudlula iinyawo ezingama-50,000.

Ukuqonda impendulo yokuba zibhabha kangakanani na iinqwelomoya kufuna ukwazi ukuba kutheni ubude bubalulekile kuphapho. Phezulu ukuphakama zinika umoya omncinci onciphisa ukutsalwa kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha, kodwa inqwelomoya kufuneka ilungelelanise amandla okusebenza kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko kunye nezithintelo zokulawula ukuhamba emoyeni.

Esi sikhokelo sichaza ukuba yintoni emisela umphakamo wokuhamba ngenqanawa kwiindidi zeenqwelomoya ezahlukeneyo kwaye kutheni abaqhubi beenqwelomoya bekhetha amanqanaba athile okubhabha. Uya kufunda isayensi emva kwezigqibo zokuphakama kunye nendlela izinto ezifana nemozulu, ubunzima, kunye nomgama wendlela ekuchaphazela ngayo apho isebenza khona inqwelomoya yakho.

Iinqwelomoya ezibhabha ziphakame kangakanani: Ukuqonda iSiseko soMphakamo weFlight

Ukuphakama kwenqwelomoya kubhekiselele kumgama othe nkqo wenqwelomoya ukusuka kumphezulu woMhlaba.

Lo mlinganiselo udlala indima ebalulekileyo kukhuseleko lwenqwelomoya, ukusebenza kwenqwelomoya, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha. Iijethi zorhwebo zidla ngokubhabha phakathi kweemitha ezingama-35,000 nezingama-40,000 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Kwezi ndawo ziphakamileyo, iinqwelomoya zisebenza kakuhle ngaphezu kweentaba eziphakamileyo kunye neenkqubo ezinkulu zemozulu.

Iinqwelomoya ezincinci zisebenza kwiindawo ezisezantsi. Yabucala inqwelomoya enenjini enye kunye nee-turboprops zorhwebo zibhabha phakathi kwe-10,000 kunye ne-25,000 yeenyawo ngaphezu komgangatho womhlaba. Iinqwelo-moya zomkhosi zinokufikelela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kakhulu kuneenqwelo-moya zabantu. Iijethi zokulwa zihlala zisebenza kwiinyawo ezingama-50,000 nangaphezulu.

Umphakamo inqwelo-moya ibhabha kuwo awunyanzelekanga. Izinto ezininzi zimisela elona nqanaba lifanelekileyo lokubhabha kubandakanya uyilo lwenqwelomoya, iimeko zemozulu, Ukulawulwa kwezithuthi zomoya iimfuno, kunye neendlela zenqwelomoya ezicwangcisiweyo.

Ukuqonda indlela ezibhabha ngayo iinqwelomoya eziphakamileyo kufuna ukuvavanya ezi zinto zinxibeleleneyo. Ngamnye udlala indima ethile ekumiseleni ukuba inqwelomoya isebenza phi ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo.

Ukuzivelela koMphakamo weFlight

Amandla okuphakama kweenqwelomoya akhule ngokumangalisayo ukusukela oko kwaqaliswa ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bamandulo babejamelene nemida eqatha ezoyisa ngokupheleleyo iinqwelo-moya zale mihla.

Iinqwelomoya ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1900 zazingenako ukufikelela kwiinyawo ezili-10,000. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya batsala nzima kwiindawo ezivulekileyo zokukhwela inqwelo-moya apho kukho ingqele ekrakra nomoya omncinane oyingozi. Iinqwelomoya zokuqala zebhaluni ngo-1783 zabonisa indlela ekunokuba nzima ngayo ukubhabha kwindawo ephakamileyo kubaqhubi abangabantu.

Iinguqulelo ezininzi eziphambili ziguqule amandla okuphakama kumashumi eminyaka:

Uxinzelelo lwekhabhinethi lwayiguqula indlela yorhwebo ngenqwelomoya ngeminyaka yoo-1930 kunye noo-1940. Obu bugcisa buvumela abakhweli ukuba babhabhe kamnandi kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ngaphandle kweemaski zeoksijini. Iinjini ze-turbofan eziphezulu ezidlulayo ziphucule ngakumbi izakhono zokuphakama ngelixa zisenyusa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha.

Iinqwelomoya zentengiso ngoku zihlala zihamba phakathi kwe-31,000 kunye ne-42,000 yeenyawo. Olu luhlu lubonisa ibhalansi efanelekileyo yokusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha, ukhuseleko, kunye nolawulo lwezithuthi zomoya. Iinjini zeJet zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwezi ndawo ziphakamileyo apho ukuxhathisa umoya kuncipha kakhulu.

Izinto eziphezulu ezibandakanya izakhiwo ezidibeneyo kunye ne-carbon fiber zivumela iinqwelomoya ukuba zifike ngokukhuselekileyo kwezi ndawo ziphakamileyo. Iinkqubo zanamhlanje zokuzihambela zilawula ukusebenza komphakamo ophakamileyo ngokuchanekileyo ababengenakuze bawucinge oomoya abaqalayo.

Iinqwelomoya ezibhabha ziphakame kangakanani namhlanje: iMigangatho yoMphakamo yangoku

Iinqwelomoya zale mihla zisebenza phakathi kwemida echazwe ngokucacileyo yobude obusekwe kumashumi eminyaka yophuhliso. Iinqwelomoya zezorhwebo zilandela imigangatho ethile elungelelanisa ukhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye neemfuno zokusebenza.

Nantsi imigangatho yobude bomphakamo eyahlukeneyo iintlobo zeenqwelomoya:

• Iinqwelomoya zorhwebo: 31,000 - 42,000 iinyawo
• Iijethi zabucala: 41,000 - 51,000 iinyawo
• Amajoni omkhosi: 50,000 - 65,000 iinyawo
• Iinqwelomoya ezincinci zabucala: 10,000 - 25,000 iinyawo
• Iinqwelomoya zeTurboprop: 20,000 - 30,000 iinyawo

Uninzi lweenqwelomoya zorhwebo zisebenza ngaphakathi kwe-31,000 ukuya kwi-42,000 yeenyawo ububanzi bokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuphakama okuphezulu okuvunyiweyo jikelele kwiinqwelomoya ezisemgangathweni zorhwebo zifikelela kwi-42,000 yeenyawo.

Amandla eenqwelomoya ahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe kuyilo kunye nenjongo. Iijethi ezihamba ixesha elide njenge-Boeing 777 zinokufikelela kwiinyawo ezingama-43,100 ngelixa iijethi zengingqi ezincinci zihlala zihamba ngeenyawo kwi-35,000 ukuya kwi-38,000 yeenyawo.

Imida yokusebenza ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi ezingaphaya kwamandla aphezulu. Ubunzima benqwelomoya buchaphazela kakhulu ukuphakama okufikelelekayo kuba imithwalo enzima ifuna ukunyuswa okungaphezulu kunye namandla enjini.

Imiba emine ePhakamisayo emisela indlela iiPlanethi eziPhezulu eziBhabha ngayo

Izigqibo zokuphakama kwe-Flight zixhomekeke kwizinto ezine ezidibeneyo abaqhubi kunye abalawuli bezithuthi zomoya kufuneka ibhalansi. Ukuqonda ezi nkalo kuchaza isizathu sokuba iinqwelo-moya zisebenza kumphakamo othile ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo okubhabha.

Izinto ezine eziphambili zezi:

• Uyilo lweenqwelomoya
• Iimeko zemozulu
• Ulawulo lwendlela yokuhamba emoyeni
• Iindlela zenqwelomoya

Uyilo lweenqwelomoya luseka amandla aphezulu kunye nemida yokusebenza kuhlobo lwenqwelomoya nganye. Oku kubandakanya uyilo lwamaphiko, amandla e-injini, imfezeko yesakhiwo, kunye neenkqubo zoxinzelelo.

Iimeko zemozulu zinefuthe ekukhetheni umphakamo ongowona usekwe kwiqondo lobushushu, iipateni zomoya, kunye noxinzelelo lomoya. Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya bahlengahlengisa amanqanaba okubhabha ukuze baphephe isiphithi-phithi kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha.

Ulawulo lwendlela yokuhamba emoyeni lunika amanqanaba athile okubhabha ukugcina ulwahlulo olukhuselekileyo phakathi kwenqwelomoya. Iindlela zenqwelomoya zimisela iimfuno zobude obusekwe kumhlaba, umgama, kunye neemfuno zokusebenza.

Inqaku loku-1: Uyilo lweNqwelomoya kunye nendima yayo kuMphakamo weFlight

Uyilo lwenqwelomoya lumisela ubunakho bokuphakama okuphezulu ngolwakhiwo kunye neenkcukacha zokusebenza. Izinto zoyilo ezahlukeneyo zisebenza kunye ukuseka iisilingi zokusebenza kuhlobo ngalunye lwenqwelomoya.

Nantsi imiba yoyilo ephambili echaphazela isakhono sokuphakama:

Uyilo lwamaphiko luba lubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo eziphakamileyo apho umoya obhityileyo wenza ukuba kubenzima ukuvelisa. Amaphiko amakhulu okanye isantya esiphezulu siyafuneka ukubonelela ngokuphakanyiswa okufanayo kumoya omncinci.

Uhlobo lwe-injini luchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza komphakamo njengoko iinjini zejethi zifuna ioksijini ukuze zitsha. Imveliso yamandla iyancipha kakhulu njengoko ubuninzi bomoya buhla kwiindawo eziphezulu.

Ubume bobume beenqwelomoya bunciphisa indlela iinqwelomoya eziphakamileyo ezinokubhabha ngokukhuselekileyo. I-fuselage kufuneka imelane nokwahlukana koxinzelelo phakathi kwekhabhinethi kunye nomoya wangaphandle.

Inqaku lesi-2: IiMeko zeMozulu ziyichaphazela njani indlela iiNqwelo-moya eziBhabha ngayo

Iipateni zemozulu zinempembelelo kakhulu kwizigqibo zokuphakama kwenqwelomoya kuyo yonke inqwelomoya. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya bahlengahlengisa amanqanaba okubhabha ukuze baphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokugcina ukhuseleko lwabakhweli ekutshintsheni iimeko zomoya.

Ubushushu buchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-injini kunye nomphakamo ofanelekileyo wokuhamba ngenqanawa. Amaqondo obushushu abandayo anokubangela iimpazamo zealtimeter ngelixa iimeko ezifudumeleyo zinciphisa ukuxinana komoya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-injini.

Ukuqonda ukuba zibhabha kangakanani na iinqwelomoya kufuna ukuvavanya iipateni zomoya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomphakamo. Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, iinqwelomoya zisebenzisa imijelo yejethi ukwandisa isantya somhlaba kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha.

Ukuphepha imozulu kufuna ukujongwa rhoqo kunye nohlengahlengiso. Ukumisela ukuba zibhabha kangakanani na iinqwelomoya kubandakanya ukuvavanywa kwesiphithiphithi, iimeko zomkhenkce, kunye nomsebenzi wendudumo endleleni.

Inqaku lesi-3: ULawulo lweZithuthi zoMoya kunye noLawulo lweNqanaba leFlight

Ulawulo lwendlela yomoya ilawula ukwahlulwa kweenqwelomoya ngokusebenzisa izabelo ezichanekileyo zokuphakama. Le nkqubo inqanda ukungqubana kwaye igcina ukuhamba ngocwangco kwezithuthi zomoya kuwo onke amanqanaba enqwelomoya.

Nazi iimfuno zokwahlulwa ezithe nkqo ezisemgangathweni:

Iinqwelomoya ezibhabha ngaphantsi Imigaqo yeeNqwelo moya kufuneka igcine ubuncinci bokuhlukana ngokuthe nkqo. Inqwelomoya evunyiweyo ye-RVSM igcina i-1,000 yeenyawo zokwahlukana phakathi kwe-FL290 kunye ne-FL410.

Izabelo zomphakamo ezisekelwe kumkhombandlela zinceda abalawuli balawule ukuhamba kwezithuthi ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo. Iinqwelomoya eziya ngasempuma zisebenzisa amanqanaba okubhabha angaqhelekanga ngelixa iinqwelomoya eziya ngasentshona zisebenzisa amanqanaba okubhabha.

Iinkqubo zanamhlanje zolawulo lwezithuthi zisebenzisa ulungelelwaniso oluzenzekelayo ukugcina ukwahlukana okukhuselekileyo. Ezi nkqubo zivumela iinqwelomoya ukuba zabelane ngedatha yendawo kunye nokutshintshiselana ngezicwangciso zenqwelomoya ngedijithali.

Inqaku lesi-4: Iindlela zenqwelomoya kunye nempembelelo yazo kuMphakamo

Iindlela zenqwelomoya zimisela ngokubalulekileyo iimfuno zobude obusekwe kumhlaba kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ucwangciso lwendlela luqwalasela izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela apho iinqwelomoya zinokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo.

Imiba yendlela ephambili ibandakanya:

• Iimfuno zokucocwa komhlaba
• Imimiselo yendawo yomoya yamazwe ngamazwe
• Amathuba okwandisa amafutha
• Ukuphepha ipateni yemozulu
• Ixesha lokunyuka kwenyathelo

Imithetho yezophapho yamazwe ngamazwe ifuna ukuba iinqwelomoya zibhabhe kumphakamo othile ngokusekelwe kwicala lenqwelomoya. Iindlela ezinqumla kumhlaba weentaba zifuna ubude obuncinane obuphezulu ukuze kususwe ukhuseleko.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha kuyaphucuka njengoko inqwelomoya itshisa amafutha kwaye iba khaphukhaphu xa ibhabha. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bacela inyathelo lokunyuka ukuya kwindawo ephakamileyo njengoko ubunzima buyancipha kulo lonke uhambo.

Ucwangciso lwendlela lulinganisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha kunye neepateni zemozulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuphakama. Indlela yobuchule kunye nokukhetha ukuphakama kunokunciphisa iindleko zepetroli ngeepesenti ezininzi kwiinqwelomoya ezinde.

Kutheni iiNqwelo-moya ziBhabha ngeemitha ezingama-35,000?

Iinqwelomoya zentengiso zihlala zihamba ngeenyawo kwii-35,000 ezinyaweni ngenxa yokuba le ndawo iphakamileyo inika ibhalansi efanelekileyo yezinto zokusebenza. Ukuqonda ukuba kutheni iinqwelomoya zisebenza kobu mphakamo bukhethekileyo kutyhila ubunjineli obucokisekileyo obusemva kophapho lwale mihla.

Nasi isizathu sokuba iinyawo ezingama-35,000 zilungile kwinqwelomoya yorhwebo:

1. Ukusebenza kakuhle kweFuel

Umoya omncinci kwiinyawo ezingama-35,000 wehlisa ukutsalwa kwe-aerodynamic kwinqwelomoya. Ukungaxhathisi okuncinci kuthetha ukuba ii-injini zitshisa amafutha amancinci kakhulu ukugcina isantya sokuhamba.

2. Ukusebenza kweNjini

Iinjini zeJet zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kumoya omncinci ofumaneka kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Ukuxinana komoya okuncitshisiweyo kuvumela inqwelomoya ukuba ifezekise umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokutyhala ukuya kumafutha.

3. Ukunqanda izidubedube

Uninzi lweenkqubo zemozulu kunye nesiphithiphithi senzeke ngaphantsi kweenyawo ze-30,000. Ukubhabha kwi-35,000 yeenyawo kugcina inqwelomoya ngaphezulu kwezi ziphazamiso ukuze ufumane amava abakhweli alula.

4. Uxinaniso loMoya indawo eSweet

Umphakamo weenyawo ezingama-35,000 umele ulungelelwano olugqibeleleyo phakathi koxinzelelo lomoya omninzi kakhulu kunye nomncinci kakhulu. Umoya owaneleyo ukhona ukutsha kwe-injini ngelixa ukutsala kuhlala kuncinci.

Lo mphakamo ukhethwe ngononophelo wandisa ukusebenza kakuhle ngelixa ugcina imigangatho yokhuseleko. Iinkampani zeenqwelomoya zonga izigidi zeendleko zepetroli ngonyaka ngokusebenza kweli nqanaba lenqwelomoya lilungiselelwe ngokwenzululwazi.

Iinqwelomoya ezibhabha ziphakame kangakanani: iiJethi zoRhwebo vs iiJethi zaBucala

Iijethi zorhwebo kunye neejethi zabucala zisebenza kwiindidi zokuphakama ezahlukeneyo. Lo mahluko uvela kuyilo lwenqwelomoya, iimfuno zokusebenza, kunye nobuchule bokusebenza.

IiJethi zoRhwebo

Iinqwelomoya zorhwebo zihlala zihamba phakathi kwe-30,000 kunye ne-42,000 yeenyawo ngexesha lemisebenzi eqhelekileyo. I-Boeing 737 kunye ne-Airbus A320 isebenza kwi-35,000 ukuya kwi-38,000 yeenyawo kwiindlela ezininzi.

Iinqwelo-moya ezihamba ixesha elide njenge-Boeing 777 kunye ne-Airbus A350 zinokufikelela kubude obuphezulu beenyawo ze-43,100. Ezi jethi zikhulu zikhwela phezulu njengoko zitshisa amafutha kwaye ziba khaphukhaphu ngexesha lokubhabha.

Iinqwelomoya zentengiso zikhetha ezi mphakamo ukulinganisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha kunye nomthamo wabakhweli. Uluhlu lweenyawo lwe-30,000 ukuya kwi-42,000 lubonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle kwe-injini ngelixa uhlalisa amakhulu abakhweli ngokukhuselekileyo.

IiJethi zabucala

Iijethi zabucala zihlala zibhabha ngaphezulu kuneenqwelomoya zorhwebo ezininzi zifikelela kwi-45,000 ukuya kwi-51,000 yeenyawo. I-Gulfstream G650 kunye ne-Bombardier Global 7500 inokusebenza kwi-51,000 yeenyawo eziphezulu.

Ubunakho bokuphakama obuphezulu bunika iijethi zabucala iingenelo ezininzi zokusebenza. Banqanda ukugcwala kwezorhwebo, ukufumana isiphithiphithi esincinci, kwaye bafikelele kukhetho oluthe ngqo lwendlela.

Inqwelomoya yabucala ifikelela kobu bude ngeenkqubo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neenjini ezinamandla ezihambelana nobukhulu bazo. Imithwalo ekhaphukhaphu yabakhweli kunye nemithamo emincinci yeekhabhinethi ivumela ezi jethi ukuba zinyuke ngaphezu kwemigangatho yenqwelo moya yorhwebo.

Indlela i-Altitude echaphazela ngayo isantya kunye nokutshiswa kweFuel

Umphakamo wenqwelomoya uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha kunye nesantya somhlaba kuyo yonke inqwelomoya. Ukuqonda ukuba zibhabha kangakanani na iinqwelomoya kwaye kutheni zikhetha umphakamo othile kuchaza eyona misebenzi ilungileyo yokuhamba ngenqanawa.

Ukuphakama okuphezulu kunciphisa ukutshiswa kwepetroli ngokuncipha kokutsalwa kwe-aerodynamic. Umoya omncinci kwi-35,000 ukuya kwi-40,000 yeenyawo ivumela inqwelomoya ukuba igcine isantya ngelixa isebenzisa amafutha amancinci.

Iipateni zomoya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo zichaphazela kakhulu isantya somhlaba kunye neemfuno zizonke zamafutha. Imijelo yeJet kwindawo ephakamileyo inokunyusa isantya somhlaba ngamaqhina ayi-100 okanye ngaphezulu kwiindlela ezifanelekileyo.

Ukumisela ukuba zibhabha kangakanani na iinqwelomoya kubandakanya ukulinganisa utshintsho lobunzima kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha ngexesha lokuhamba ngenqanawa. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bacela inyathelo lokunyuka baye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo njengoko i-fuel isitsha kwaye inqwelomoya iya isiba khaphukhaphu.

Imingeni eNxulumene noMphakamo kuPhapho

Iinqwelomoya zijongana nemingeni emininzi xa zijonga ukuba zibhabha kangakanani na iinqwelomoya ukuze zisebenze ngokukhuselekileyo. Le miqobo ifuna ukucwangciswa ngononophelo kunye neenkqubo eziphambili zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokubhabha kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuphakama.

Nantsi imiceli mngeni engundoqo enxulumene nokuphakama:

1. Imida yoBugcisa

Ukusebenza kwe-injini kwehla kakhulu kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ngenxa yokuncipha kokufumaneka kweoksijini. Iinjini zejethi eziqhelekileyo zilahlekelwa ngama-30 ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini amandla azo aphuma ngaphezu kweenyawo ezingama-40,000.

Ukuqonda ukuba zibhabha kangakanani na iinqwelomoya kufuna ukuqaphela imida yolawulo lomphezulu kwindawo eziphakamileyo. Ukuncitshiswa koxinzelelo lomoya kunciphisa ukuhamba kwenqwelomoya kwaye kufuna amagalelo olawulo amakhulu kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya.

2. Iingqwalasela zeMozulu

Ukwahluka kwamaqondo obushushu kuchaphazela ukuchaneka kwealtimeter kunye nokusebenza kwenqwelomoya kuyo yonke inqwelomoya. Amaqondo obushushu angekho mgangathweni anokubangela i-altimeter ufundo lobaxa okanye ukuthoba ubude bokwenyani ngamakhulu eenyawo.

Ukuphakama koxinano ludibanisa ubushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye neziphumo zokufuma ekusebenzeni kwenqwelomoya. Iimeko zokuphakama koxinaniso oluphezulu zenza i-7.3 yeepesenti yazo zonke iingozi ezinxulumene nemozulu yemozulu yase-US.

3. Imiba yabantu

Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bajongana nokunciphisa ioksijini ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ngaphandle kweenkqubo zoxinzelelo. Ixesha lengqondo eluncedo lehla ukuya kwimizuzwana engama-30 ukuya kwengama-60 kwiinyawo ezingama-35,000.

Ioksijini eyongezelelweyo iba yimfuneko ekusebenzeni okukhuselekileyo ukuqala kwi-10,000 yeenyawo ukuphakama. Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric kuchaphazela ukusebenza komzimba kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo ngexesha lemisebenzi eyandisiweyo yokuphakama okuphezulu.

Amava aBakhweli kwiiMphakamo ezahlukeneyo

Ukuthuthuzeleka kwabakhweli kunye nokhuseleko luxhomekeke kakhulu kwindlela ezibhabha ngayo iinqwelomoya kunye nendlela inqwelomoya ezilawula ngayo iziphumo zokuphakama. Iinkqubo zanamhlanje zoxinzelelo kunye noyilo lwekhabhinethi zinciphisa iimpembelelo zefiziyoloji yokubhabha komphezulu ophakamileyo.

Nazi izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela amava abakhweli:

1. Iimpembelelo zoxinzelelo lwekhabhinethi

Iinqwelomoya zale mihla zigcina uxinzelelo lwekhabhinethi olulingana neenyawo ezimalunga nama-8,000 naxa lubhabha kuma-40,000 eenyawo. Olu xinzelelo luvumela ukuphefumla ngokukhululekileyo ngaphandle kweoksijini eyongezelelweyo kubakhweli.

Ukuzaliswa kwe-oxygen yegazi kwehla malunga neepesenti ze-4 kwi-8,000 yeenyawo ze-cabin altitude xa kuthelekiswa nomgangatho ophantsi. I-Boeing 787 Dreamliner igcina uxinzelelo lwekhabhinethi kwi-6,000 yeenyawo zokuphucula induduzo yabahambi kwiinqwelomoya ezinde.

2. Ukubonakala kunye nokuJonga

Abakhweli banokubona izinto ukuya kumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-45 kwiimeko zemozulu ezigqibeleleyo ukusuka kumphakamo wokuhamba ngenqanawa. Ukubhabha ngaphezulu kwesigqubuthelo selifu kubonelela ngembonakalo ephuculweyo ye-horizon kunye nemibono ecacileyo yeempawu zomhlaba.

Ukuqonda ukuba zibhabha kangakanani na iinqwelomoya kunceda ekuchazeni umgama wokujonga kwiifestile zenqwelomoya. Iimitha eziphakamileyo zibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lokujonga kodwa zenza iimpawu zomhlaba ezincinci kube nzima ukwahlula.

3. Intuthuzelo

Umphakamo ophakamileyo wokuhamba ngenqanawa ngokuqhelekileyo ubonelela ngomoya opholileyo onesiphithiphithi esincinci sokuthuthuzela abakhweli. Iinqwelomoya ezibhabha ngaphezu kweenyawo ze-30,000 ziphepha iinkqubo ezininzi zemozulu ezibangela ukuhamba okungahambi kakuhle.

Ukufuma kwekhabhinethi kunye nobushushu buhlala bulawulwa ngaphandle kweemeko zangaphandle kumphakamo wokuhamba ngenqanawa. Iinkqubo zale mihla zokusingqongileyo zihluza ukujikeleza komoya kwaye zigcine uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo kuyo yonke inqwelomoya ukuze kuthuthuzeleke umkhweli.

Ingaba iiPlanethi ziBhabhela phezulu kangakanani?

Iirekhodi zokuphakama kweenqwelomoya zibonisa imida egqithisileyo yobugcisa bokubhabha. Ukuqonda ukuba zibhabha kangakanani na iinqwelomoya ngobuninzi besakhono kutyhila impumelelo emangalisayo kuzo zonke iindidi zeenqwelomoya.

Nazi iindidi eziphambili zeerekhodi zokuphakama:

• Iirekhodi zokurhweba ngeenqwelomoya
• Iimpumelelo zeenqwelomoya zomkhosi
• Izakhono zenqwelomoya zovavanyo

Iinqwelomoya zorhwebo ziye zazuza imida echukumisayo yokuphakama kumashumi eminyaka yophuhliso. I-Concorde yayihamba ngeenyawo kwi-60,000 ezinyaweni de yathatha umhlala-phantsi ngo-2003.

Iinqwelomoya zomkhosi zityhala imida yobude obungaphaya kwamandla orhwebo xa zimisela ukuba zibhabha kangakanani na iinqwelomoya. I-SR-71 Blackbird yabeka irekhodi yeenyawo ze-85,069 kwi-1976.

Iinqwelomoya zovavanyo ziye zafikelela kumda wesithuba ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokuqhubela phambili. Inkqubo ye-X-15 iphumelele ukuphakama kweenyawo ze-354,200 ngexesha leenqwelo-moya zovavanyo.

Imilinganiselo yoKhuseleko kunye neMimiselo ejikeleze i-Flight Altitude

Imithetho engqongqo yokhuseleko ilawula indlela ezibhabha ngayo iinqwelomoya ukuze zikhusele abakhweli, abasebenzi kunye nabantu abasemhlabeni. Ezi mfuno ziqinisekisa ukuba iinqwelomoya zigcina iiparamitha zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo kuwo onke amanqanaba okubhabha.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko angundoqo aquka:

• Ubuncinci beemfuno zokuphakama ezikhuselekileyo
• Iinkqubo zokwehla ngokungxamisekileyo
• Imigangatho yokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo
• Iinkqubo zokujongwa komphakamo

Iinqwelomoya kufuneka zigcine umphakamo okhuselekileyo osezantsi ngokusekwe kumhlaba kunye nokuxinana kwabantu ngaphantsi kwendlela yokubhabha. Le mfuneko iqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banexesha elaneleyo kunye nendawo yokusabela ngexesha leemeko zonxunguphalo.

Amaqumrhu alawulayo aseka imiphakamo ephezulu yokusebenza kuhlobo ngalunye lwesiqinisekiso senqwelomoya xa emisela ukuba zibhabha kangakanani na ngokukhuselekileyo iinqwelomoya. I FAA kunye ne-ICAO ibeka imigangatho yeenkqubo zoxinzelelo, iimfuno ze-oksijini, kunye nokunyaniseka kwesakhiwo.

Iinkqubo ezingxamisekileyo zifuna ukwehla kwangoko ukuba uxinzelelo lwekhabhinethi aluphumeleli kwindawo ephezulu. Amalungu abasebenzi afumana uqeqesho olubanzi kwiindlela zokuhla ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuthunyelwa kwenkqubo ye-oxygen.

I-career Outlook kunye namanyathelo alandelayo

Ukuqonda ukuba zibhabha kangakanani na iinqwelomoya kutyhila inzululwazi entsonkothileyo esemva kwemisebenzi yezomoya yale mihla. Umphakamo wenqwelomoya uxhomekeke kubuchule bokuyila, iimeko zemozulu, iimfuno zolawulo lwenqwelomoya, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kocwangciso lwendlela.

Iijethi zorhwebo zihamba ngenqanawa phakathi kwe-35,000 kunye ne-40,000 yeenyawo ngeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yamafutha kunye nokhuseleko lwabakhweli. Iijethi zabucala zifikelela kumphakamo ophakamileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyawo ezingama-51,000 ngelixa iinqwelomoya zomkhosi kunye novavanyo zityhala imida engaphaya kweenyawo ezingama-80,000.

Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bahlala belungelelanisa izinto ezininzi ukumisela elona nqanaba lokubhabha likhuselekileyo nelona lisebenzayo. Iqondo lobushushu, iipateni zomoya, ubunzima benqwelomoya, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwepetroli zonke zinefuthe kwizigqibo zokuphakama kwenqwelomoya kuyo yonke inqwelomoya.

Florida Flyers Flight Academy ibonelela ngeenkqubo zoqeqesho oluvunyiweyo lwe-FAA ezifundisa ulawulo lokuphakama komphakamo kunye neziseko zocwangciso lokubhabha. Iinkqubo zethu

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga nokuba Iinqwelomoya ziBhabha njani phezulu

Qhagamshelana nathi okanye ufowunele iQela leFlyers yaseFlorida + 1 904 209 3510 ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya ophumeleleyo oqinisekisiweyo.