Intshayelelo yeeNdawo zeNqwelo-moya
Iinqwelo-moya ziyamangalisa ngobunjineli bale mihla. Aba matshini banyukayo badibanisa amacandelo ahlukeneyo, ngalinye linomsebenzi walo, ukunika indlela ekhuselekileyo nefanelekileyo yokuhamba. Kwabo bakhe bazibuza malunga nobugocigoci bokusebenza kwezi zakhiwo zikhulu, esi sikhokelo sijolise ekupheliseni iiNdawo zeNqwelomoya.
Into abaninzi abasenokungayiqondi yeyokuba inqwelo-moya ayiphelelanga nje ekubeni yifuselage, amaphiko neenjini. Yinkqubo entsonkothileyo yamacandelo ngamanye, ngalinye lenza indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwenqwelo-moya. Yonke inxalenye yenqwelomoya, ukusuka empumlweni ukuya emsila, inenjongo kwaye inegalelo kumsebenzi jikelele kunye nokhuseleko lokuhamba.
Ukuze uwuxabise ngokwenene ummangaliso oyinqwelomoya, kuyafuneka ukuba uphengulule kwiinkcukacha zokwakheka kwayo. Esi sikhokelo sibanzi siya kuphonononga kwaye sichaze iindawo eziphambili zenqwelomoya, imisebenzi yazo, kunye nokubaluleka kwazo kwinqwelomoya.
Iinxalenye zenqwelomoya zicacisiwe
The i-anatomy yenqwelomoya intsonkothile kwaye ikhethekile kakhulu. Inxalenye nganye isebenza ngenjongo ethile, igalelo ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi kunye nokhuseleko lwenqwelomoya. Ukuze aqonde ukumila kwenqwelo-moya, ubani umele aqale aqonde iindawo zayo eziphambili nemisebenzi yazo.
I-fuselage ngowona mzimba uphambili wenqwelomoya, uhlalisa i-cockpit kunye nendlwana. Amaphiko anika ukuphakama, okukuvumela ukuba inqwelomoya inyuke kwaye igcine ukuphakama. Icandelo lomsila, eliquka i-stabilizers ethe nkqo kunye ne-horizontal, inoxanduva lokugcina ibhalansi kunye nolwalathiso lwendiza. Isixhobo sokumisa sibonelela ngenkxaso ngexesha lokumka kunye nokuhla, ngelixa inkqubo yokuqhubela phambili iqhubela phambili inqwelomoya.
The iinkqubo zolawulo lwenqwelomoya, eziquka iphini lokujika, izinyusi, neeailerons, zenza umqhubi akwazi ukuyilawula inqwelo-moya. Ngaphakathi kwinqwelomoya, kukho iindawo ezongezelelekileyo ezifana nezihlalo, izindlu zangasese, iigalaji, kunye nemigqomo ephezulu. Izinto zokhuseleko, njengamabhanti ezihlalo, ii-airbags, kunye neendawo zokuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka, zibalulekile ekukhuseleni abakhweli ngamaxesha kaxakeka.
Indima yeFuselage kwinqwelomoya
I-fuselage idlala indima ephambili kwisakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wenqwelomoya. Yeyona nxalenye iphambili yomzimba, ibonelela ngeqokobhe elomeleleyo kunye ne-aerodynamic elihlala i-cockpit, ikhabhathi yabakhweli, indawo yomthwalo, kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo.
Ubume be-fuselage bunegalelo elikhulu kwi-aerodynamics yenqwelomoya iyonke. Uyilo lwayo olulungelelanisiweyo lunciphisa ukuxhathisa komoya okanye ukutsala, okwenza ukuba inqwelomoya ihambe kakuhle emoyeni. Ikwabonelela ngenkxaso yesakhiwo, ukudibanisa amaphiko, icandelo lomsila, kunye nezixhobo zokumisa kuyo yonke inqwelomoya.
Ngaphakathi kwi-fuselage, i-cockpit yindawo yokusebenza yenqwelomoya. Apha, umqhubi wenqwelomoya kunye no-co-pilot balawula inqwelomoya esebenzisa uluhlu oluntsonkothileyo lwezixhobo kunye nolawulo. Ngasemva kwe-cockpit, indlwana yabakhweli ibonelela ngezihlalo zabakhweli, ngelixa indawo yemithwalo ibonelela ngokugcina imithwalo kunye neminye imithwalo. I-fuselage yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenqwelomoya, imisebenzi engundoqo yezindlu kunye nokubonelela ngesakhiwo esiyimfuneko esifunekayo kwinqwelomoya.
Amacandelo eNqwelo-moya: Umsebenzi wamaphiko eNqwelo-moya
Amaphiko eenqwelo-moya anendima ebalulekileyo ekuphumezeni nasekugcineni ukubhabha. Ziyilelwe ukuvelisa ukunyuswa, amandla achasene nomxhuzulane kwaye avumele inqwelomoya ukuba inyuke kwaye igcine ukuphakama.
Amaphiko afikelela ekuphakameni ngokusebenzisa imilo yawo ekhethekileyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi- ifoyile yomoya. Umphezulu wefoyile egobileyo kunye nomphezulu osezantsi othe tyaba wenza umahluko woxinzelelo njengoko umoya uqukuqela phezu kwephiko. Lo mahluko woxinzelelo wenza ukuba inqwelomoya ikwazi ukubhabha.
Ukongeza kokuphakamisa, amaphiko aphinde afake izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana neetanki zamafutha kunye ne-ailerons. Iitanki zamafutha zigcina unikezelo lwamafutha lwenqwelomoya, ngelixa ii-ailerons zilawula umqulu, zivumela inqwelomoya ukuba ibhankine ngasekhohlo okanye ngasekunene. Ngaphandle kwamaphiko, inqwelomoya ayinakukwazi ukubhabha.
Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kweCandelo lomsila kwinqwelomoya
Inxalenye yomsila wenqwelomoya, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-empennage, ibalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi kunye nomkhombandlela ngexesha lokubhabha. Ibandakanya isizinzisi esithe nkqo (okanye iphiko) kunye nezizinzisi ezithe tyaba (okanye inqwelo-moya ejikelezayo), ezisebenzisanayo ukulawula isandi kunye nokuzamla kwenqwelomoya.
I-stabilizer ethe nkqo ikhusela kwicala elingafunekiyo ukuya kwicala, okanye ukuzamla, ukunyakaza kunye nokubonelela ngokuzinza kwendlela. Izizinzisi ezithe tyaba zilawula ukunyuka nokuhla kwenqwelomoya, okanye ukukhwela, intshukumo. Kwezi zinzisi kuncanyathiselwe irudder kunye nezinyusi, ezithi umqhubi wenqwelo-moya azilawule ukuze aqhube inqwelomoya.
Ngokwenyani, icandelo lomsila lisebenza njengamandla okulinganisa kwinqwelomoya. Iqinisekisa ukuba inqwelomoya igcina ikhondo elizinzileyo kwaye inceda ekuqhubeni. Ngaphandle kwecandelo lomsila, inqwelomoya inokuba nzima ukuhlala endleleni okanye ishukume ngokuchanekileyo.
Amacandelo eNqwelo-moya: Ukubaluleka kwesiXhobo sokuHlaba kwinqwelomoya
Phakathi kweendawo ezibalulekileyo zenqwelomoya, igiya yokumisa ibalasele ngendima yayo ebalulekileyo ekundulukeni nasekufikeni. Ixhasa ubunzima benqwelo-moya xa isemhlabeni, ifunxa umothuko wokumisa, kwaye inika ukushukumiseka kokukhwela iteksi kumgaqo weenqwelo-moya.
Ezona zinto ziphambili kwisixhobo sokumisa ngamavili, iziqhoboshi kunye neziqhoboshi. Amavili axhasa ubunzima benqwelomoya kwaye avumela ukuhamba emhlabeni. I-struts ifunxa impembelelo yokumisa kunye nokumisa inqwelomoya ngexesha lokukhwela iteksi. Iziqhoboshi zivumela inqwelomoya ukuba icothe kwaye ime.
Ngelixa isenokungabandakanyekanga kwinqwelomoya yokwenyani, isixhobo sokumisa siyimfuneko. Iqinisekisa ukunduluka nokuhla ngokukhuselekileyo, kwaye ngaphandle kwayo, inqwelomoya ibingenakukwazi ukuhamba emhlabeni.
Amacandelo eNqwelo-moya: Indima yeNkqubo ye-Propulsion kwiNqwelo-moya
Inkqubo yokuqhuba inqwelo-moya ngamandla ayiqhubayo ayiqhubela emoyeni. Iquka ii-injini, ezivelisa i-thrust, amandla aqhubela inqwelomoya phambili.
Iinjini zenqwelo-moya zisebenza ngokungenisa umoya, ziwucinezele, ziwuxube nepetroli, ziwuvuthele umxube, zize zikhuphe iigesi ezishushu ngasemva. Le nkqubo idala ukutyhala okunamandla okuqhubela inqwelomoya phambili.
Inkqubo yokuqhubela phambili ikwabandakanya iipropeller okanye ii-jet turbines, ezinceda ukuguqula amandla e-injini abe yithrazi. Ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokuqhubela phambili, inqwelomoya ibingenakukwazi ukuhamba, singasathethi ke ngokubhabha.
Ukusetyenziswa kweeNkqubo zoLawulo lweFlight kwiNqwelomoya
Iinkqubo zokulawula inqwelo-moya zinceda umqhubi wenqwelo-moya akwazi ukulawula inqwelo-moya xa ibhabha. Ezi nkqubo zibandakanya ulawulo lokuqengqeleka, isandi, kunye ne-yaw, ezihambelana nemigca emithathu yentshukumo yenqwelomoya.
I-ailerons control roll (ujikelezo olujikeleze i-axis longitudinal), i-pitch yokulawula izinyusi (i-up-and-down movement ejikeleze i-axis esecaleni), kunye ne-rudder controls yaw (i-side-to-side movement ejikeleze i-axis ethe nkqo).
Le miphezulu yolawulo ilawulwa ngumqhubi we-pilot ngekholamu yolawulo (okanye i-joystick) kunye ne-rudder pedals kwi-cockpit. Iinkqubo zokulawula inqwelo-moya zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwenqwelo-moya, nto leyo evumela umqhubi ukuba aqhube kwaye alawule inqwelo-moya xa ibhabha.
Ukuphonononga iindawo zangaphakathi zenqwelomoya
Iindawo ezingaphakathi kwinqwelomoya zijolise ekunikeni intuthuzelo kunye nokulula kubakhweli kunye nabasebenzi. Ezi ziquka izihlalo, imigqomo yokugcina ngaphezulu, izindlu zangasese, kunye neegalari.
Izihlalo zibonelela ngendawo yokuhlala abakhweli ngexesha lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, bafake amabhanti okhuseleko. Imigqomo engaphezulu inika indawo yokugcina imithwalo. Izindlu zangasese zibonelela ngezinto eziyimfuneko, ngelixa iinqanawa kulapho abasebenzi beenqwelomoya belungiselela ukutya neziselo.
Ikhabhinethi ikwabandakanya iindawo zokuphuma ezingxamisekileyo, ezibalulekileyo kukhuseleko lwabakhweli. Uyilo kunye nokwakheka kwezi nxalenye zangaphakathi ziqwalaselwa ngononophelo ukuze kwandiswe intuthuzelo, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko.
Iimpawu zoKhuseleko kwinqwelomoya
Ukhuseleko lweyona nto iphambili kwinqwelomoya, kwaye iinqwelomoya zixhotyiswe ngezinto ezininzi zokhuseleko. Ezi ziquka amabhanti ezihlalo kunye nee-airbags zokukhusela ngexesha isiphithi-phithi okanye ingozi, iimaski zeoksijini eziwela phantsi kwimeko yokuhla ngokukhawuleza koxinzelelo lwekhabhinethi, kunye neevesti zobomi kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezibandakanya amanzi.
Indlela eyakhiwe ngayo inqwelo-moya nayo inegalelo kukhuseleko. I-fuselage kunye namaphiko enzelwe ukumelana namandla agqithisileyo, kwaye i-gear yokumisa ithatha impembelelo yokufika. Ukubona umlilo kunye neenkqubo zokunciphisa zifakwe kwiindawo ezifana neenjini kunye neendawo zomthwalo.
Ngaphezu koko, iinqwelomoya zixhotyiswe ngeendawo zokuphuma ezingxamisekileyo kunye nezilayidi zokuphuma ngokukhawuleza. Kwindawo yokulala, izixhobo neenkqubo ezahlukahlukeneyo zinceda umqhubi ukuba ahlole imeko yenqwelo-moya aze aqhube kakuhle.
I-Evolution yaMacandelo eNqwelomoya kunye neMisebenzi yawo
Amalungu enqwelo moya kunye nemisebenzi yawo iye yavela kakhulu kwimbali yophapho. Ukususela kuyilo olulula lweenqwelo-moya zangaphambili ukuya koomatshini abantsonkothileyo esibabonayo namhlanje, uphuhliso ngalunye belujoliswe ekuphuculeni ukusebenza, ukhuseleko nokusebenza kakuhle.
Iinqwelo-moya zamandulo zazenziwe ngamaplanga nelaphu, zineenjini ezilula kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ezisisiseko. Njengoko iteknoloji yayihambela phambili, iinqwelomoya zaba nkulu, zakhawuleza zaza zantsonkotha ngakumbi. Iimathiriyeli zatshintsha zaba yintsimbi zaza zaya kutsho kwizinto eziyintlanganisela, ezikhaphukhaphu kwaye zomelele.
Iinjini zavela kwiinjini zepiston ukuya kwiinjini zejethi, zibonelela ngesantya esikhulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha. Uyilo lwamaphiko lutshintshile ukuphucula ukunyuswa kunye nokunciphisa ukudonsa. Iinkqubo zokulawula i-Flight ziye zaba nzima kwaye ziphucukile, zivumela ukuhamba kakuhle kunye nokulawula.
Kwikhabhinethi, izihlalo ziye zakhululeka ngakumbi, kwaye izinto eziluncedo ezifana nokuzonwabisa kwinqwelomoya kunye nezindlu zangasese zongezwa. Iimpawu zokhuseleko nazo zavela, ngokungeniswa kwamabhanti ezihlalo, ii-airbags, kunye neenkqubo zokucinezela umlilo.
Olu tshintsho lwenze ukuba ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya kukhuseleke ngakumbi, kube lula, kwaye kusebenze ngakumbi. Kububungqina bobuchule kunye nokuyila koshishino lwezophapho.
isiphelo
Ukuqonda iinxalenye zenqwelomoya kunye nemisebenzi yazo kubalulekile ukuxabisa ukuntsonkotha kunye nobuchule baba matshini bamangalisayo. Indawo nganye, ukusuka kwifuselage ukuya kwelona candelo lincinane langaphakathi, inendima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwenqwelo-moya.
I-fuselage ibonelela ngesakhiwo kunye nezindlu zamacandelo abalulekileyo. Amaphiko enza ukuphakama ukuze abhabha. Icandelo lomsila ligcina ibhalansi kunye nesikhokelo. Isixhobo sokumisa sixhasa inqwelomoya emhlabeni kwaye ifunxa impembelelo yokumisa. Inkqubo yokuqhubela phambili ibonelela ngentshukumo. Iinkqubo zokulawula inqwelomoya zivumela umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ukuba ayilawule inqwelo-moya. Amalungu angaphakathi anika induduzo kunye nokulula kubakhweli, kwaye iimpawu zokhuseleko zikhusela kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo eziphuthumayo.
Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubeka nokuvela, kuya kuba njalo iindawo zenqwelomoya kunye nemisebenzi yazo. Kodwa imigaqo esisiseko yokubhabha ihlala ifana. Yaye kwinqwelo-moya nganye esiyihambayo, sinokumangaliswa kukubona ukumangalisa kweenqwelo-moya nomngqungqo ontsonkothileyo wamacandelo okwenza oko kwenzeke.
Qhagamshelana nathi okanye ufowunele iQela leFlyers yaseFlorida + 1 904 209 3510 ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya ophumeleleyo oqinisekisiweyo.
