Intshayelelo kwiZitali zeenqwelomoya
Nini abaqhubi babucala baye esibhakabhakeni, bafanele baxhotyiswe kungekuphela nje ngolwazi lwendlela yokubhabha inqwelo-moya yabo kodwa kwanokuqonda okunzulu kweemeko ezahlukahlukeneyo abanokudibana nazo ebudeni bokubhabha. Enye imeko ebalulekileyo efuna ubungcali kulawulo lweendawo zokuthengisela iinqwelomoya. Ezi zehlo zinokothusa kwaye zibe yingozi ukuba azilungiswanga ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo.
Isenzeko sokuhlala kwenqwelomoya ngumbono osisiseko ekufuneka bonke abakhweli beenqwelo-moya bawufunde kwaye bawuqonde. Ibhekiselele ekunciphiseni i-coefficient yokuphakamisa okubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba komoya phezu kwephiko, okunokubangela ilahleko umphakamo. Kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya babucala, ukunakana izandulela kwindawo yokuthengisela kunye nokuqonda indlela yokuchacha komnye zizinto ezibalulekileyo kuqeqesho lwabo.
Ukuze bakwazi ukubona izinto ezintsonkothileyo kwiindawo zokuthengisela iinqwelo-moya, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka badibanise ulwazi kunye nobuchule obusebenzayo. Esi sikhokelo sijolise ekucazululeni ubucukubhede beziteli, ukuxhobisa abaqhubi beenqwelomoya babucala ngolwazi abaludingayo ukuze babhabhe ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuzithemba. Ngokuqonda oomatshini abasemva kweendawo zokuthengisela kunye nobuchule bobuchule bokulawula, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya babucala banokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabo nolo lwabakhweli babo.
Ukuqonda iSiseko seZitali zeenqwelomoya
Isiseko sokuqonda izitali zenqwelomoya silele kwi imigaqo ye-aerodynamics. I-stall iyenzeka xa i-angle yokuhlaselwa-i-angle phakathi komgca we-chord wephiko kunye nomoya ozayo-ukwandisa ngaphaya kwendawo ebalulekileyo. Kwesi sithuba, ukuqukuqela komoya kumphezulu wephiko kuye kuphazamiseke, yaye iphiko alisakwazi ukuphakamisa inqwelomoya ukuze likwazi ukubhabha.
Kubaqhubi babucala, ukubamba ubudlelwane phakathi isantya somoya, i-engile yokuhlaselwa, kunye nokuphakamisa kubalulekile. Ngelixa izitali zihlala zinxulunyaniswa nesantya somoya esiphantsi, zinokuthi, ngokwenene, zenzeke nangasiphi na isantya ukuba i-angle yokuhlasela iphezulu kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto ulwazi oluthe gqolo kunye nothintelo alukho malunga nokubeka iliso kwisantya kuphela kodwa kunye nokugcina ulawulo olufanelekileyo kunye nesimo sengqondo senqwelomoya.
Ulwazi lwezantya ezikhethekileyo zenqwelomoya zokuthengisela phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngokuphaphazela phezulu okanye ezantsi, kunye nokuqonda indlela yokuziphatha kwenqwelomoya yazo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokuthengisela kubalulekile kuye nawuphi na umqhubi wenqwelo-moya wabucala. Ngokuzazi izinto ezisisiseko, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokuvelisa intuition yendlela eza kusabela ngayo iinqwelomoya zabo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokubhabha.
Iimbangela zeZitali zeenqwelomoya
Iindawo zokuthengisela iinqwelo-moya zinokuphenjelelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, nganye ifuna ukuqondwa ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya nokusabela ngokukhawuleza. Iimeko zokusingqongileyo ezifana ne-icing kumaphiko zinokunyusa isantya se-stall kwaye ziphazamise ukuhamba komoya okuqhelekileyo. Ukuhamba ngequbuliso, umthwalo omninzi, okanye ukubhabha ngaphaya kwemida yokusebenza kwenqwelo-moya nako kunokubangela ukuba indawo yokuthengisela ihambe.
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka baphaphe ukuze baqaphele iimeko ezinokukhokelela kwindawo yokuthengisela. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha ukusuka kunye nokufika emhlabeni, xa inqwelo-moya isebenza ngesantya esisezantsi kunye nee-angles eziphezulu zokuhlaselwa, umngcipheko wokuzinza uphezulu kakhulu. Ukunganikeli ingqalelo kwisantya somoya, ukungaphathwa kakuhle kwenqwelo-moya, kunye nokusilela ukuqonda iimpawu zestali kunokuba nemiphumo emibi.
Kukwabalulekile ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya baqonde ukuba izimo zengqondo ezithile zokubhabha kunye nokusetha amandla kunokufihla iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesitali, zenze kube nzima ukuqikelela. Ukuqaphela kunye nokubambelela kwiinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokubhabha zingundoqo ekuphepheni ezi meko ziyingozi.
Iingozi zeZitali zeenqwelomoya kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya baBucala
Kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya zabucala, iintambo ziphezulu xa kufikwa kwizitali zenqwelomoya. Indawo yokuthengisela inokubangela ukulahleka kobude nokulawula ngequbuliso, nto leyo, ukuba ayilungiswanga ngokukhawuleza, inokukhokelela kwingozi. Ingozi iba qatha ngakumbi xa ubhabha kwindawo ephantsi, apho kungekho sithuba sincinane esinokubuyela kuso.
Izitali zingakhokelela ekujikeni ukuba elinye iphiko lizinza ngokunzulu kunelinye, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inqwelo-moya ijikeleze ijikeleze i-axis yayo eme nkqo. Izikhonkwane zintsonkothe ngakumbi ukuphinda zifumaneke kwaye zifune amanyathelo akhawulezileyo nezichanekileyo zokufumana ulawulo kwakhona. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya babucala kufuneka baqonde ukuba izitali kunye ne-spins zihlala zisisiphumo sempazamo yomntu kwaye zithintelwa ngobuchule obufanelekileyo kunye nokubhabha ngononophelo.
Undoqo kukhuseleko kukungaze uphole. Kwanabaqhubi beenqwelomoya abanamava banokuzifumana bekwimeko yokumisa engalindelekanga. Ke ngoko, imfundo eqhubekayo kunye nokuziqhelanisa yimfuneko ekugcineni ubuchule obufunekayo bokujongana nezi meko zikaxakeka.
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezitali zeenqwelomoya
Ukuwuqonda umahluko phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuthengisela kubalulekile kubaqhubi babucala. Ulwahlulo oluqhelekileyo lubandakanya izitendi zombane kunye neendawo zokucima amandla. Izitali zombane ziyenzeka ngexesha lokunduluka okanye ukujikeleza xa i-injini inamandla aphezulu, kwaye inqwelomoya ikhwela kwi-engile enyukayo. Ngokuchaseneyo, izitali zokucima umbane zihlala zidibana ngexesha lokufika kwenqwelomoya xa inqwelomoya ilungiselelwe ukwehla ngamandla ancitshisiweyo.
Kukwakho neendawo zokuthengisela ezikhawulezileyo, ezinokuthi zenzeke ngesantya esiphezulu ngexesha lokuhamba ngesiquphe njengokujika kwamatye okanye ukutsalwa. Izitali ezilawulwa ngokunqamlezayo, ezenzeka xa i amaphiko kwaye umkhonto zisetyenziswa ngokuchaseneyo, kunokukhokelela kwinqwelomoya engalungelelanisiweyo kwaye yandise amathuba okungena kwi-spin.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwestall lufuna ubuchule obukhethekileyo bokubuyisela. Ngokuqonda amasuntswana ezi ndawo zokuthengisela, abaqhubi banokuzilungiselela ngcono ukumelana nemiba ye-aerodynamic evelayo kwaye babuyisele inqwelo-moya yabo kwindlela eqhelekileyo yokubhabha ngokukhawuleza nangokukhuselekileyo.
Uchonga njani indawo yokuLinda yenqwelomoya ezayo
Ukukwazi ukuchonga i-stall esondelayo sisakhono esibalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na i-aviator. Iimpawu ezilumkisayo ziquka ukuhla kwimpendulo yolawulo, imvakalelo ebambekayo kulawulo, kunye nokwanda kwe-buffet okanye ukungcangcazela. Iinqwelomoya ezininzi zixhotyiswe nge isixhobo sesilumkiso sokuhlala, njengophondo okanye isibane, esisebenza ngaphambi kokuba kubekho isitali.
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya babucala nabo kufuneka bahambelane nezinto ezibonwayo, eziviwayo, nezibambekayo ezinokubonisa ukuba kukho indawo yokuthengisela ekufuphi. Ngokomzekelo, impumlo ephakamisa ngokungafanelekanga ukulawula igalelo, okanye isandi sokuhamba komoya sitshintsha njengoko i-angle yokuhlaselwa isanda, ingabonisa ingxaki. Ukugcina iwotshi ephaphileyo kwi isalathisi sesantya somoya kwaye isalathisi sengqondo inokunika izilumkiso kwangethuba ukuba inqwelo-moya isondele kwi-angle ebalulekileyo yohlaselo.
Ukuziqhelanisa rhoqo le miqondiso, kudityaniswe nokuqonda iimpawu zokusebenza kwenqwelo-moya, kunokuphucula ngokubonakalayo isakhono somqhubi wenqwelo-moya ukubona kwangaphambili kunye nokuthintela ukudodobala kwenqwelomoya.
Indlela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abazimeleyo abanokuthintela ngayo izitali zeenqwelomoya
Uthintelo sesona sicwangciso silungileyo xa kufikwa ekulawuleni izitali zenqwelomoya. Oku kuqala ngokucokisekileyo ukucwangciswa kwangaphambili kwendiza, okubandakanya ukuqonda ubunzima kunye nokulingana kwenqwelomoya, iimeko zemozulu, kunye nemeko yokubhabha. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bahlale ngaphakathi kwemida yokusebenza kwenqwelo-moya kwaye baphephe igalelo lokulawula ngequbuliso, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zokubhabha ezinesantya esiphantsi.
Ukugcina ulwazi ngemeko ngundoqo kuthintelo lokuzinzisa. Oku kuthetha ukugcina iliso elibukhali kwisantya somoya, ukuphakama, kunye nokusebenza kwenjini kuyo yonke inqwelomoya. Kwakhona abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bafanele bagxininise ekulondolozeni inqwelo-moya elungelelanisiweyo ngokusebenzisa i-ailerons, i-rudder, ne-elevator ngokuvumelana, njengoko oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuma.
Uqeqesho lwarhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa kobuchule kunokomeleza imikhwa elungileyo kwaye kuqinisekise ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelomoya bahlala bebukhali ekuqapheliseni kwabo indawo yokutyela kunye nezicwangciso zokuphepha. Ngokubhabha rhoqo nangeenjongo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya babucala banokuwunciphisa umngcipheko wokudibana nendawo yokuthengisela engalindelekanga.
Ubuchwephesha bokuBuyisa kwiZitali zeenqwelomoya
Ukuba kuthe kwakho indawo yokuthengisela, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya babucala kufuneka baxhotyiswe ngobuchule bokuchacha ngokukhawuleza nangokukhuselekileyo. Inkqubo yokubuyisela ngokubanzi ibandakanya ukunciphisa i-angle yokuhlaselwa ngokutyhala phambili kwidyokhwe yokulawula ukuphula i-stall, kwangaxeshanye ukusebenzisa amandla apheleleyo ukunyusa ukuhamba komoya phezu kwamaphiko, kunye nokulinganisa amaphiko ukuze uphinde uphakamise.
Kwindawo yokuthengisela amandla, ukutyhala kwe-injini kuya kunceda ukuchacha, njengoko ukonyuka kwamandla kunokunceda inqwelomoya iqalise ukubhabha okuqhelekileyo. Kwizitendi zokucima umbane, kugxininiswa ekunciphiseni i-engile yohlaselo kunye nokubuyisela ukuhamba komoya phezu kwamaphiko ukuze uphinde uphakamise.
Inqwelo-moya nganye inokuba nokwahluka kwiinkqubo zayo zokubuyisela indawo yokutyela; ke ngoko, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka baziqhelanise neengcebiso ezithile ezibonelelwe kubo incwadi yokusebenza yenqwelomoya. Ukuziqhelanisa rhoqo neendlela zokulungisa izitali phantsi kweliso le-a umhlohli wokubhabha oqinisekisiweyo kubalulekile ukugcina izakhono eziyimfuneko kwinqwelomoya ekhuselekileyo.
UQeqesho lokuPhatha izitali zeenqwelomoya njengoPilot waBucala
Uqeqesho olubanzi sisiseko sokukwazi komqhubi wabucala ukuphatha izitali zenqwelomoya ngokuzithemba. Olu qeqesho kufuneka lubandakanye ulwazi lwethiyori kunye namava okwenziwa komsebenzi. Ukuqala ngesikolo samabanga aphantsi, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bafunda ithiyori ye-aerodynamic ngasemva kwezitali kunye nezinto ezinegalelo kuzo.
Uqeqesho lwe-Flight ke lubeka ithiyori ekusebenzeni, ukuvumela abaqhubi ukuba bafumane ama-stalls kunye nobuchule bokubuyisela kwindawo elawulwayo. Phantsi kokhokelo lomqeqeshi wenqwelo-moya oqinisekisiweyo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokufunda ukuqaphela ukuqala kwesitali, ukwenza iindlela zokubuyisela, kunye nokucamngca ngamava okuphucula izakhono zabo.
Imfundo eqhubekayo kunye noqeqesho oluqhubekayo nazo zibalulekile. Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya abaninzi bahlala bephonononga inqwelomoya kunye nezifundo eziphucukileyo ukuze balole izakhono zabo kwaye bahlale benolwazi ngobuchule nemimiselo yamva nje.
isiphelo
Emva kokutyhutyha ubunzima beendawo zokuthengisela iinqwelomoya, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya bakulungele ngcono ukuhamba kwezi meko zinzima. Ulwazi nezakhono ezifunyenwe ngokufunda nokuziqhelanisa zenza isiseko apho ukubhabha okukhuselekileyo nobuchule bakhelwe phezu kwawo. Kubalulekile ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bagcine intlonipho yobuzaza obunokubakho beendawo zokuthengisela ngelixa behlakulela ukuzithemba ukuzibamba nge-aplomb.
Abakhweli beenqwelomoya kufuneka bakhumbule ukuba ukuqonda ubugcisa bokubhabha luhambo oluqhubekayo. Njengoko beqokelela amava kunye nolwazi, ukukwazi kwabo ukuqikelela nokuthintela izitali zenqwelomoya kuya kukhula, kube negalelo kuluntu lweenqwelomoya oluhlala lukhuselekile.
Kwabo bajonge ukongezelela ukuqonda kunye nobuchule babo, bafuna uqeqesho olongezelelweyo olufumanekayo kwizikolo zohambo ngenqwelomoya ezifana Florida Flyers Flight Academy kunye neengcebiso ezivela kubakhweli beenqwelo-moya abanamava kunokuba luncedo. Khumbula, isibhakabhaka asikho umda—ligumbi lokufundela apho kufundwa khona ezona zifundo zinzulu zokubhabha, ukubhabha kanye ngexesha.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neKhosi yeSikolo saBucala esiLingayo.
