Ngaba Kukho Ukunqongophala Kwabaqhubi Beenqwelo-moya? Indlela Ubonelelo Nemfuno Zabaqhubi Beenqwelo-moya Ezithelekiswa Ngayo

Impendulo ethi “Ngaba kukho ukunqongophala kwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya?” eMelika ithi ewe: eli lizwe kulindeleke ukuba lijongane nokunqongophala kwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya abangama-24,000 ngo-2026. Ubudala bokuthatha umhlala-phantsi obumiselwe yi-FAA bungama-65, nto leyo eyongeza kuxinzelelo njengoko abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abanamava beshiya abasebenzi.

Oko akuthethi ukuba ukuqeshwa kweenqwelo-moya kulandela umgca othe ngqo. I-COVID-19 izise ukwehla okukhulu kweenqwelo-moya kunye nokuma kokuqeshwa, kulandele ukuphinda kuqashwe ngokukhawuleza njengoko uhambo lubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Ezo nguqu zinceda ekuchazeni isizathu sokuba iindaba ezimalunga nemfuno yovavanyo lweenqwelo-moya zinokubonakala ziphikisana.

Eli nqaku liphendula umbuzo othi, “Ngaba kukho ukunqongophala kwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya?” Lichaza indlela ukunqongophala okunzulu ngayo, indlela ubhubhane oluchaphazele ngayo ukuqeshwa kwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya, kunye nesizathu sokuba amaxesha oqeqesho, umhlala-phantsi, kunye nemfuno yeenqwelo moya zenza umsantsa phakathi kobonelelo kunye nemfuno. Uza kufunda ukuba uqikelelo lubonisa ntoni, kutheni ukunyuka kwabasebenzi beenqwelo moya kungavelisi kwangoko abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abanamava, kunye nokuba kuthetha ukuthini oku kuqulunqwa koqeqesho kubantu abacinga ngomsebenzi wobuchwephesha wokubhabha.

Ingakanani Ingxaki Yokunqongophala Kwabaqhubi Beenqwelo-moya?

Ewe, i-United States ijongene nokusilela okukhulu kwabaqhubi beenqanawa, nangona uxinzelelo luhluka ngokwengingqi kunye neenqwelo-moya. Olunye uqikelelo lubeka umsantsa waseMelika kubaqhubi beenqanawa abangama-24,000 ngo-2026. Kuyo yonke iMntla Melika, ukunqongophala kuqikelelwa kubaqhubi beenqanawa abamalunga nama-8,000, okulingana ne-11% yobonelelo lwabaqhubi beenqanawa kulo mmandla. Olu qikelelo luchaza ukungalingani kwabasebenzi, kungekhona amava okuqesha afanayo kubaphathi beenqanawa bonke.

Ukuhlala phantsi korhulumente ngumthombo ophambili woxinzelelo. I-Federal Aviation Administration imisela iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphantsi egunyazisiweyo yi-FAA kubaqhubi beenqwelo moya kwi-65. Kulindeleke ukuba kuthathe umhlalaphantsi wabaqhubi beenqwelo moya base-US abangaphezu kwe-16,000 kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abangaphezu kwe-17,000 bafikelele kwiminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphantsi enyanzelekileyo ekupheleni kweshumi leminyaka. Ubudala obugunyazisiweyo yi-FAA ngumda oqinileyo wabaqhubi beenqwelo moya, ngoko ke iinkampani zeenqwelo moya kufuneka zihlale zithatha indawo yabasebenzi abanamava ngelixa zikhuphisana ngetalente entsha.

ICongress ayizange iphumelele ekunyuseni iminyaka yomhlalaphantsi iye kuma-67. Loo mzamo awuzange utshintshe umda weminyaka ekhoyo ngoku. Amakhulu abaqhubi beenqwelo moya baseMelika bathatha umhlalaphantsi minyaka le, kwaye uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba abantu abaninzi bayayeka njengoko abasebenzi bekhula. Ukuthatha indawo yomphathi othatha umhlalaphantsi akuyonto iqhubekayo ngoko nangoko: umntu omtsha kufuneka akhe iziqinisekiso namava ngaphambi kokuba afanelekele umsebenzi weenqwelo moya. Ngenxa yoko, iimfuno zokuqesha zibonisa inani labaqhubi beenqwelo moya abahambayo kunye nexesha elifunekayo lokuphuhlisa abantu abatsha.

I-COVID-19 yaphazamisa loo mjelo. Ngowama-2020, iinqwelo-moya zase-US zanciphisa iishedyuli, zamisa ukuqesha, zaza zanikezela ngeepakeji zomhlalaphantsi kwangethuba kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abaphezulu. Inani leenqwelo-moya lehla ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha ngexesha lobhubhane. Iinkampani eziphambili zeenqwelo-moya zaqala ukuqesha abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ngamanani anqabileyo ukususela ngo-2021, kwaye iinqwelo-moya ezinkulu zase-US zaqesha abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abangaphezu kwe-12,000 kwincopho ka-2022-2023. Elo nqanaba lidlule kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo lonyaka labaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abangama-4,000 ukuya kuma-5,000. Ukuqesha kamva kwabuyela kwisantya esiqhelekileyo, kodwa ikhefu langaphambili lalisele liphazamise ucwangciso lwabasebenzi.

Iinqwelo moya zengingqi zijongene noxinzelelo oluthile eMntla Melika, ingakumbi ezo ziqhuba iinqwelomoya ezincinci ezinezihlalo ezingama-50. Imbono ekhoyo ichaza iinkampani zengingqi njengezichaphazeleka kakhulu, endaweni yokuqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo moya okanye abaqhubi beenkampani banqongophele. Ukunqongophala kwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya kunokubangela ukuncipha kweendlela okanye ukulibaziseka kweenqwelo moya xa abasebenzi benciphisa amaxesha okusebenza; azizo zodwa ezinokubangela ukuba kubekho umsebenzi.

Imivuzo kunye nezibonelelo zokuqesha zitshintshile ngokwemfuno. Umvuzo ophakathi womqhubi wenqwelo moya unyuke ukusuka kwi-$127,820 ngo-2016 ukuya kwi-$219,140 ngo-2023. Kwincopho yokuqeshwa kweenqwelo moya, iibhonasi zokutyikitya zifikelele kwi-$30,000 nangaphezulu; iibhonasi ezixeliweyo ngo-2026 zaziyi-$5,000 ukuya kwi-$15,000. I-United icwangcise ukuqesha abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abayi-1,800 ekupheleni kuka-2026 ukuxhasa ukukhula kunye nokuthatha umhlalaphantsi. La manani abonisa isizathu sokuba impendulo ethi "ngaba kukho ukunqongophala kwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya" ixhomekeke kwisibhengezo esingaphezulu kwesinye sokuqesha: umhlalaphantsi, ixesha loqeqesho, kunye neemfuno zabaqeshi zonke zibumba unikezelo.

Impembelelo ye-COVID-19 kwiinqwelomoya kunye nokuqeshwa kwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya

I-COVID-19 iphazamise ukuqeshwa kweenqwelo moya, kodwa iziphumo zifikelele ngaphaya kokuma kwangoko kokuqeshwa. Ukuqeshwa kweenqwelo moya kunokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza xa imfuno yabakhweli itshintsha. Le ndlela ifanayo yabonakala ngexesha lokudodobala koqoqosho ngo-2001, 2008, nango-2020: Ukuqeshwa kweenqwelo moya zase-US kuyekile kwinyanga. Kwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya abanomdla, loo mbali yenza ucwangciso lomsebenzi lube ngaphezu kokukhetha umhla wokuqala woqeqesho. Indlela ikwaxhomekeke ekwakheni iziqinisekiso ngokuthe ngcembe kunye nokuqonda ixesha elifunekayo ukuze kufikelelwe kwimfanelo yeenqwelo moya.

Inqanaba elibalulekileyo lolawulo libalulekile. Ngokutsho kwe-Federal Aviation Administration, abaqhubi beenqwelo moya base-US kufuneka babhalise iiyure ezili-1,500 zexesha lokubhabha ngaphambi kokuba babhabhe iijethi zabakhweli zorhwebo. Ilayisenisi yomqhubi weenqwelo moya zorhwebo ifuna iiyure ezingama-250 zokubhabha, ngoko ke ukufumana loo layisenisi akuphelelisi nje indlela yeenqwelo moya. Imvelaphi yaseyunivesithi efanelekileyo neyamkelweyo yasemkhosini inokufaneleka kwizicelo ze-ATP ezithintelweyo kwiiyure ezili-1,000 okanye ezili-1,250. Ezo ndlela zinemilinganiselo ethile yokufaneleka; azinciphisi ngokuzenzekelayo kumntu ngamnye ofake isicelo.

Ngoko ke uqeqesho lokubhabha luqhubeka ngamanqanaba. Ukufumana zonke izilinganiso kudla ngokuthatha iminyaka emibini ukuya kwemine, ngelixa ukwakha amava kwinqanaba leenqwelo moya emva kwelayisenisi yorhwebo kungathatha eminye iminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu kwimisebenzi yokuqhuba abaqhubi beenqwelo moya kwinqanaba lokuqala. Oku kubalulekile xa kuvavanywa ukwanda kokuqeshwa: iinkampani zeenqwelo moya zinokuqesha ngokukhawuleza, kodwa abaviwa basafuna iiyure kunye neziqinisekiso ezifunekayo. Ukuba ngumqeqeshi wokubhabha kunokunceda abaqhubi beenqwelo moya bakhe amava, kwaye ukubhabha kwengingqi kunokubonelela ngenye indlela yomsebenzi wasekuqaleni.

Ukugqiba isikolo sokubhabha yinxalenye enye yokulungiselela. Abafundi kufuneka bacwangcise uvavanyo ngalunye, baqokelele iiyure zokubhabha, ukufumaneka kwabafundisi, kunye nokutshintshela kumsebenzi wokubhabha ohlawulelwayo. Iindleko zoqeqesho nazo zifuna uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali olucokisekileyo kuba iyonke ixhomekeke kwindlela yoqeqesho kunye nexesha lokubhabha elifunekayo ukuze igqitywe. Isicwangciso somsebenzi kufuneka siqwalasele inqanaba ngalinye endaweni yokuphatha ukugqiba njengomgca wokugqibela.

Xa uvavanya amathuba omsebenzi, yahlula imfuno yomqhubi wenqwelo moya yexesha elide kwixesha lokuqeshwa komntu ngamnye. Ukumiswa kokuqeshwa kwenkampani yeenqwelo moya kunokulibazisa amathuba, kodwa akutshintshi iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo zokubhabha kwabakhweli. Ngokufanayo, ixesha lokuqeshwa elisebenzayo alinakudlula iimfuno zeeyure zendiza. Matha inkqubela phambili ukusuka kuqeqesho lokuqala ukuya kwisatifikethi sorhwebo kunye nokwakhiwa kwamava ukuya ekufanelekileni kweenqwelo moya. Oku kugcina izigqibo zakho zisekelwe kwindlela yokwenyani, kungekhona kwiindaba zexesha elifutshane zokuqeshwa.

Isifundo esiphambili sobhubhane kukuba umsebenzi weenqwelo moya unokuncipha ngokukhawuleza kwaye ubuyele esiqhelweni kwishedyuli eyahlukileyo. Isicwangciso soqeqesho esicwangcisiweyo sinceda abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abanomdla ukuba balawule loo ngxaki ngelixa beqhubeka novavanyo olufunekayo kunye namava. uqeqesho lokubhabha olugxile kumsebenzi njengendlela yokuhlela amanyathelo alandelayo okubhabha ngobungcali.

Ukusilela kokubonelela ngempahla kunye nemfuno okuqikelelweyo

Uqikelelo lwe-pilot lubonisa imfuno eqhubekayo, kodwa umsantsa oqikelelweyo awusisiqinisekiso sokuqeshwa okufanayo. I-US Bureau of Labor Statistics iqikelela malunga ne-16,400 izithuba zomsebenzi zabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kunye nabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ngonyaka. Elo nani limele izithuba zomsebenzi kuzo zonke izikhundla, kungekhona isithembiso sokuba wonke umntu ophumeleleyo uza kufumana isikhundla seenqwelo-moya ngoko nangoko. Ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi kunye nokumka kwabanye abasebenzi kudala izithuba zomsebenzi, ngelixa ukukhula kweenqwelo-moya kunokongeza imfuno eyongezelelweyo. Ukulinganisela phakathi kwezo mpembelelo kuyila indlela ezi ziphumo eziguqulela ngayo ekuqeshweni.

Kwi-United States, uqikelelo olunye lubeka ukunqongophala kwabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abangama-28,126 ngo-2030. Olu qikelelo luchaza umsantsa phakathi kobonelelo oluqikelelweyo kunye nemfuno ngokuhamba kwexesha, endaweni yokubala imisebenzi engagcwaliswanga ngaxeshanye. Kukwaxhomekeke ekubeni uqeqesho luvelisa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abafanelekileyo kunye nendlela iimfuno zabasebenzi beenqwelo-moya ezikhula ngayo. Ngoko ke abafundi kufuneka bafunde uqikelelo lokunqongophala njengophawu locwangciso lweshishini liphela, kungekhona njengoqikelelo lwengqesho yomntu ngamnye.

Iingxelo zehlabathi zibonisa uxinzelelo olufanayo lwexesha elide kwinqanaba elikhulu. I-Boeing iqikelela ukuba iinkampani zeenqwelo moya kwihlabathi liphela ziya kufuna abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abatsha abangama-660,000 ukususela ngo-2025 ukuya ku-2044. Iingxelo zayo zaseMntla Melika zimalunga nabaqhubi beenqwelo moya abatsha abangama-119,000 ngelo xesha linye. La manani achaza iimfuno zokuqesha ezilindelweyo, kungekhona ukusilela okuqinisekisiweyo kolo bungakanani. Imfuno inokwahluka ngokwengingqi, kwaye inani labaqhubi beenqwelo moya abakhoyo lixhomekeke kumandla oqeqesho, iindlela zokufaneleka, kunye nokuba bangaphi abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abanamava abasasebenzayo.

Ukukhula kwabakhweli yenye yezinto ezibangela ezo zibikezelo. Itrafikhi yabakhweli kwihlabathi liphela kulindeleke ukuba ikhule malunga neepesenti ezine ngonyaka kwiminyaka engama-20 ezayo. Oko kukhula kulingana nemfuno yeenqwelo-moya ezintsha ezimalunga nama-40,000 zabakhweli kunye neenqwelo-moya. Iinqwelo-moya ezingaphezulu zifuna abasebenzi, ngelixa umhlala-phantsi udala iimfuno zokutshintshwa nokuba ukukhula kweenqwelo-moya kulinganiselwe. Zizonke, ezo ndlela zichaza isizathu sokuba izibikezelo zinokubonisa imfuno entsha yovavanyo olukhulu kwimimandla emininzi.

Uqikelelo lwengingqi lubonisa indlela imfuno eyahluka ngayo ngokwendawo. Iinqwelo moya zaseMntla Melika kulindeleke ukuba zifune abaqhubi abatsha abamalunga ne-130,000 kwiminyaka engama-20 ezayo, ngelixa iinqwelo moya zaseAsia kulindeleke ukuba zibe nezithuba zokuvula abaqhubi abangama-22,000 ngo-2029. UMbindi Mpuma kulindeleke ukuba ufune abaqhubi abangaphezu kwe-12,000 ngo-2029, kunye neenqwelo moya zaseYurophu ezimalunga ne-4,000. Olu qikelelo lwahlukeneyo lusebenzisa amaxesha ahlukeneyo kunye nemilinganiselo, ngoko ke akufuneki longezwe ngokungathi luchaza isimbuku sonyaka esinye esabelwana ngaso.

Ukuba ucinga ngomsebenzi wokuqhuba inqwelo moya, yahlula amathuba alindelekileyo kwizithuba ezivulekileyo. Uqikelelo lubonisa imfuno yabasebenzi enokubakho, ngelixa ukuqeshwa kwangempela kuxhomekeke kwizicwangciso zokusebenza kwenkampani yeenqwelo moya kunye neemfuno zabagqatswa. Umhlalaphantsi, ukukhula kwabakhweli, kunye nokwandiswa kweenqwelo moya zonke zinefuthe kwindlela ebonakala ngayo, kodwa umbhobho kufuneka usavelise abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abaneemfaneleko ezifunekayo kubaqeshi. Cinga ngamanani ngokwengingqi kunye nexesha ukuze utolike amathuba exesha elizayo ngokucacileyo.

Izizathu zokunqongophala kwemibhobho yovavanyo

Ukunqongophala kubonisa ingxaki yemibhobho, kungekuphela nje kokunqongophala kwabantu abanomdla kwinqwelomoya. Ukuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya kufuna uqeqesho, isiqinisekiso, kunye namava ngokulandelelana. Inqanaba ngalinye lithatha ixesha, ngoko ke iinkampani zeenqwelomoya azinakuguqula ngokukhawuleza abafundi abatsha babe ngabasebenzi abafanelekileyo. Imfuneko ye-ATP yeeyure ezili-1,500 yaqala ukusebenza ngo-Agasti 2013. Isiphumo sayo sisesakhiwo: abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abanomdla kufuneka baqokelele ixesha elininzi lokubhabha ngaphambi kokuba bafanelekele izikhundla ezininzi zeenqwelo moya.

Ilayisenisi yokuqhuba inqwelo moya yezorhwebo linyathelo elibalulekileyo, hayi isiphelo. E-United States, ukuyifumana kuthatha phakathi konyaka omnye ukuya kwemibini. Ukwakha amava afunekayo kumsebenzi weenqwelo moya kungathatha eminye iminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu kwimisebenzi yokuqhuba inqwelo moya eqalayo. Ukusebenza njengomqeqeshi weenqwelo moya yenye yeendlela zokufumana amava. Olu phuhliso ludala ukubambezeleka phakathi kokuqala uqeqesho kunye nokungena kwiindawo zokuqesha iinqwelo moya.

Oko kushiyeka kuthetha ukuba ukunikezelwa kweenqwelo moya kuphendula kancinci kunotshintsho lwemfuno. Xa iinqwelo moya zongeza iinqwelo moya okanye zandisa iishedyuli, zifuna abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abafanelekileyo, kungekuphela nje abafundi abasandula ukubhalisa. Uqeqesho lunokuphuhlisa abaviwa, kodwa basafuna amanqaku afunekayo kunye namava okubhabha. Iinqwelo moya zengingqi zichatshazelwa ngakumbi xa zikhuphisana ngabaqhubi beenqwelo moya abanokuthi kamva bafune imisebenzi kwiinkampani ezinkulu. Inqanaba ngalinye lomjelo lichaphazela indlela abasebenzi abakhoyo abakhula ngayo ngokukhawuleza.

Ukufikelela nokugqiba uqeqesho kuchaphazela nokuba bangaphi abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abangena emsebenzini. Abafundi baqhubela phambili ngokufundiswa, ukubhabha ngokusebenzayo, kunye nesatifikethi; ukuphazamiseka nakweyiphi na inqanaba kunokulibazisa ukugqiba. Ixesha lixhomekeke kwisantya soqeqesho, amathuba okubhabha, kunye namava afunekayo kwinqanaba elilandelayo lomsebenzi. Umqeqeshi weenqwelo moya unceda abafundi ukuba baphuhlise ubuchule, kodwa ukufumaneka komqeqeshi kunye nocwangciso lwexesha kunokuchaphazela inkqubela yabo. Le miqobo ihlala ikhona nangona iinkampani zeenqwelo moya ziqesha.

Ukukhula kwemfuno kongeza uxinzelelo. Iinqwelomoya ezininzi kunye nemisebenzi eyandisiweyo yeenqwelo moya zifuna abasebenzi abongezelelweyo, ngelixa inkqubo yoqeqesho ifuna ixesha lokuvelisa abagqatswa abafanelekileyo. Imarike ikwatshintshe uqoqosho lokufumana abasebenzi: ukusukela ngo-2020, imivuzo yookapteni abaphambili inyukile ngama-46 ekhulwini, kwaye imivuzo yeenqwelo moya yengingqi inyukile ngama-86 ekhulwini. Oko kunyuka kunokuqinisa ukuqeshwa kwabantu, kodwa imbuyekezo yodwa ayinakunciphisa amanqanaba okufumana iziqinisekiso kunye nokwakha amava.

Kwabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abanokubakho, isifundo esisebenzayo kukucwangcisa indlela epheleleyo yokufaneleka, kungekuphela nje uqeqesho lokuqala lokubhabha. Chonga inqanaba ngalinye lokulinganisa kunye nokwakha amava, uze ubhale ixesha elifunekayo lokuwagqiba. Olu landelelwano luchaza isizathu sokuba ukunqongophala kunokuqhubeka njengoko abafundi abatsha bengena kuqeqesho. Kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo, ukukhula kweenqwelo-moya kunye nokuthatha umhlala-phantsi kuya kuqhubeka nokuhlangabezana nomjelo wabasebenzi ophuhlisa abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ngokwamanqanaba, endaweni yokuvelisa abanye abasandula ukutshintshwa.

Ngaba kukho ukunqongophala kweprojekthi yokuvavanya eMelika ngo-2026?

Ewe, i-United States isajongene noxinzelelo lokubonelela ngabaqhubi beenqanawa ngo-2026, kodwa iimeko zokuqesha ziyahluka ngokwemiqeshi kunye necandelo. Olunye uqikelelo lubeka ukunqongophala kwesizwe kuma-24,000 abaqhubi beenqanawa kulo nyaka. Elo nani lichaza umsantsa omkhulu, kungekhona inani lezithuba zomsebenzi kwinqwelo-moya enye. Ukuqesha kwehle ngexesha lesiqingatha sokugqibela sika-2024 ukuya kutsho ku-2025, okubonisa ukuba imfuneko yabasebenzi abanokwakheka ingahambelana nokucotha kwesikhashana kokuqeshwa.

Izicwangciso zeenqwelo moya zibonisa ukuba imfuno iyaqhubeka, nangona ukuqesha okucwangcisiweyo akufani nokuqesha okugqityiweyo. Iinqwelo moya ezinkulu zase-US kulindeleke ukuba ziqeshe abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abamalunga nama-8,000 ngo-2026. I-United icwangcise ukuqesha abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abali-1,800 ekupheleni konyaka, ngelixa i-Delta icwangcise ukuqesha ama-2,000. I-FedEx icwangcise ukuqesha abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abamalunga nama-800, kwaye i-Southwest ibhengeze izicwangciso zokuqesha abamalunga nama-872. Ezi njongo zibonisa iimfuno zenkampani nganye, kungekhona isantya esifanayo kulo lonke eli shishini.

Imakethi yomkhosi kufuneka ifundwe ngokwahlukileyo kwiinqwelomoya zorhwebo. I-US Air Force ibike ukunqongophala kwabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abangama-2,407 ngo-2026, ngelixa uqikelelo olwahlukileyo lubeka imfuno ye-United States kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abangama-5,400 abongezelelweyo ngo-2032. Ezo zibalo zibhekisa kumaxesha ahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zomsebenzi. Akufanele zidityaniswe zibe sisithuba esinye seenqwelo-moya okanye ziphathwe njengemilinganiselo etshintshanayo yemfuno yabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya zorhwebo.

Iinkampani zeenqwelo moya zengingqi zijongene noxinzelelo olukhulu. Iinkampani zeenqwelo moya zengingqi yaseMntla Melika kulindeleke ukuba zibethwe kakhulu, ingakumbi abaqhubi abaqhuba iinqwelomoya ezincinci ezinezihlalo ezingama-50. Oko kubalulekile kuba imida yabasebenzi kwezi nkampani zeenqwelo moya inokuchaphazela iindlela kunye neeshedyuli abanokuzixhasa. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuqeshwa kweenkampani zeenqwelo moya kunokuncipha emva kokwanda kokuqeshwa kwabantu, ngoko ke ukufumaneka kwemisebenzi kunokwahluka phakathi kwabaqeshi bengingqi, abakhulu, abathwala impahla, kunye nabasemkhosini.

Kwabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abalindelekileyo, umfanekiso ka-2026 ufuna utoliko olucokisekileyo. Ukusilela okuqikelelweyo kubonisa imfuno yabasebenzi eqhubekayo, ngelixa isigqibo sokuqesha umntu ngamnye sixhomekeke kwizicwangciso zomqeshi kunye neziqinisekiso ezifunekayo kwizikhundla zakhe. Iithagethi zokuqesha zinokutshintsha njengoko iinkampani zeenqwelo-moya zilungisa imisebenzi, kwaye uqikelelo lwesizwe alunakubonisa ukuba yeyiphi indima okanye indawo eza kuqesha kakhulu. Landelela umahluko phakathi kweziganeko eziqikelelweyo, izicwangciso ezibhengeziweyo, kunye nomsebenzi wokwenyani wokuqesha xa uvavanya ixesha lomsebenzi.

Impendulo emfutshane ithi ewe, kodwa ukunqongophala akulingani endaweni yokuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba uza kuqeshwa ngoko nangoko. Sebenzisa uqikelelo ukuze uqonde imakethi, uze wakhe uqeqesho olucwangcisiweyo kunye nesicwangciso somsebenzi esijikeleze iziqinisekiso namava. Hlola uqeqesho lobuchwephesha lokuqhuba iindiza njengenyathelo elilandelayo lokulungiselela umsebenzi weenqwelo moya.

Isikolo seenqwelomoya eMelika

I-Flight School USA inceda abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abanomdla ekuguquleni imfuno yoshishino ibe yisicwangciso soqeqesho lokubhabha esicwangcisiweyo. Ukuba umbono ubonisa ukuba ucinga ngomsebenzi wobuchwephesha wokubhabha, iinkqubo zayo ezigxile kumsebenzi zibonelela ngendlela yokwakha izakhono kunye neziqinisekiso ezifunekayo kwinqanaba elilandelayo. Inkqubo yoMsebenzi oQinisekisiweyo kunye neNkqubo yoLungiselelo lweenqwelo moya zixhasa amalungiselelo omsebenzi, ngelixa iNkqubo ye-CFI Fast Track inikezela ngendlela egxile kumqeqeshi. Uqeqesho lwe-GI Bill Flight kunye neeNkonzo zoKwamkelwa kwe-M1 Visa zikhonza amajoni afanelekileyo kunye nabafundi bamazwe ngamazwe abalandela uqeqesho lokubhabha eMelika.

Ukunqongophala komqhubi wenqwelo moya okucingelwayo kunokunceda kwisigqibo sakho, kodwa uqeqesho lufuna ukulungiselela ngabom kunye nokuqhubela phambili. Nxibelelana neFlight School USA ukuze uxoxe ngeenjongo zakho zoqeqesho lomqhubi wenqwelo moya kunye namanyathelo alandelayo.

Jika umbono weMarike ube yiNyathelo lakho elilandelayo

Ukuba ubuza, “Ngaba kukho ukunqongophala kweprojekthi?” jonga impendulo njengomxholo, kungekhona isiqinisekiso somsebenzi. Imfuno yeshishini inokunceda kwisigqibo sakho, kodwa isicwangciso esilungileyo siqala ngeenjongo zakho, iziqinisekiso ozifunayo, kunye nendlela yoqeqesho olungele ukuyilandela. Gxila kwinqanaba elilandelayo onokuthi usebenzele kulo, uze wakhe inkqubela yakho kulo.

Le ndlela igcina isigqibo sakho somsebenzi sisekelwe ekulungiseleleni kunokuba sibe yimixholo ephambili. Cinga ngohlobo lwezinto ozithandayo ngokubhabha, indlela oza kuqhubeka ngayo ngoqeqesho, kunye namanyathelo anokukulungiselela iindima ozifunayo. Izinto eziza kuqala ngokucacileyo zenza kube lula ukuvavanya indlela enzima.

Isikolo seFlight e-USA sinokukunceda uhlole indlela yoqeqesho efanelekela ulwalathiso lwakho lobuchwephesha. Nxibelelana neFlight School USA ukuze uxoxe ngeenjongo zakho zoqeqesho lokuqhuba inqwelo moya kwaye umisele inyathelo elilandelayo elisebenzayo. Ngokulungiselela okugxileyo kunye nesikhokelo esichaziweyo, ungaya kwiinjongo zakho zeenqwelo moya ngenjongo.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Ngaba Umthetho WeeYure Ezili-1,500 Ungatshintshwa Okanye Uthotywe?

Imfuneko yangoku ihlala iyiiyure ezili-1,500 zokubhabha kubaqhubi beenqwelo moya abaninzi baseMelika abafuna ukubhabha iindiza zabakhweli zorhwebo. Abanye abafundi basemkhosini nabavunyiweyo baseyunivesithi banokufanelekela izicelo ze-ATP ezithintelweyo kwiiyure ezili-1,000 okanye ezili-1,250. Ezo ziindlela ezithile zokufaneleka, hayi ukwehla ngokubanzi kwemfuneko. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya ocwangcisa indlela yoqeqesho kufuneka ahlule phakathi komgangatho ophantsi we-ATP kunye nokufaneleka okuthintelweyo ngaphambi kokukhetha inkqubo.

Bangaphi Abaqhubi Beenqwelo-moya base-US Abaqeshayo Okwangoku?

Iinkampani ezinkulu zeenqwelo-moya zaseMelika kulindeleke ukuba ziqeshe abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abamalunga nama-8,000 ngo-2026, nangona amanqanaba okuqesha ahlukile ngokwenkampani. I-United icwangcise ukuqesha abantu abali-1,800, kwaye iDelta icwangcise abantu abangama-2,000 ekupheleni konyaka. I-FedEx icwangcise abantu abamalunga nama-800, ngelixa iSouthwest ibhengeze abantu abamalunga nama-872. Ezi zizicwangciso zenkampani, azibalwanga ngabantu abaqeshwe ngokupheleleyo okanye izikhundla ezivulekileyo ngexesha elithile. Ukuqeshwa kwabantu kuye kwehla kwisiqingatha sokugqibela sika-2024 ukuya kutsho ngo-2025.

Bangaphi Abaqhubi Beenqwelo-moya Abaya Kudingeka Kwiminyaka Engama-20 Ezayo?

I-Boeing iqikelela ukuba iinkampani zeenqwelo-moya kwihlabathi liphela ziya kufuna abaqhubi abatsha beenqwelo-moya abangama-660,000 ukususela ngo-2025 ukuya ku-2044. Ingqikelelo yayo yaseMntla Melika yi-119,000 ngelo xesha linye. La manani amele imfuno elindelekileyo, hayi inani eliqinisekisiweyo lezithuba zomsebenzi okanye ishedyuli ethile yokuqesha. Kwisigqibo somsebenzi womntu ngamnye, sebenzisa uqikelelo njengophawu olubanzi, emva koko uqwalasele iziqinisekiso, amava, kunye neemfuno zokuqesha ezinxulumene nohlobo lwesikhundla sokubhabha oceba ukusilandela.

Ngaba ngoku lixesha elifanelekileyo lokuqala uqeqesho lokubhabha?

Kusenokuba lixesha elifanelekileyo lokuqala ukuba ulungele ulandelelwano loqeqesho kunye nokungaqiniseki kwemijikelo yokuqeshwa kweenqwelo-moya. Isicwangciso sakho kufuneka siqwalasele uphando lomhlaba, imiyalelo yokuhamba ngenqwelo-moya, amanqaku afunekayo, kunye nokwakhiwa kwamava emva kwesatifikethi sorhwebo. Cinga ukuba ungayigcina na inkqubela phambili eqhubekayo kunye nokuba indlela yakho yomsebenzi oyithandayo iyahambelana na neenjongo zakho. Uqikelelo lweshishini lunokunika ulwazi ngocwangciso, kodwa aluqinisekisi umsebenzi othile okanye umhla wokuqeshwa.

Kwenzeka ntoni namhlanje kwiMarike yeMisebenzi yoPhando?

Imakethi ka-2026 idibanisa imfuno enkulu yexesha elide kunye nezicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zokuqesha kubaqeshi. Iinkampani ezinkulu zeenqwelo-moya zaseMelika kulindeleke ukuba ziqeshe abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abamalunga nama-8,000, ngelixa iinkampani zeenqwelo-moya ngazinye zibhengeze iinjongo zazo. Ukuqesha abantu kuye kwehla ngexesha lesiqingatha sokugqibela sika-2024 ukuya kutsho ngo-2025, ngoko ke umsebenzi wokuqesha awufani. Abaviwa kufuneka bahlukanise ukuqesha okucwangcisiweyo kwizithuba ezikhoyo ngoku kwaye baqwalasele imisebenzi yeenqwelo-moya, yengingqi, yempahla, neyemikhosi ngokwahlukeneyo.

Bangaphi abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abafunekayo eMelika xa kuthelekiswa nokuba bangaphi abafumanekayo?

Olunye uqikelelo lubeka ukunqongophala kwabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya base-US kuma-24,000 ngo-2026, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba imfuno eqikelelweyo idlula umbane okhoyo ngaloo mali. Uqikelelo olwahlukileyo lubonisa ukunqongophala kwabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya base-US abangama-28,126 ngo-2030. La manani asebenzisa amaxesha ahlukeneyo kwaye akufuneki adityaniswe. Akukho nanye kuwo enika inani elichanekileyo labaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abakhoyo ngoku kumqeshi ngamnye, kuba iziqinisekiso neemfuno zokuqesha zahlukile ngokwesikhundla.

Ziziphi izizathu eziphambili zokunqongophala kweenqwelo-moya zaseMelika?

Lo msantsa ubonakalisa amandla aliqela: umhlala-phantsi wabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, imfuno yenkonzo yeenqwelo-moya, ukukhula kweenqwelo-moya, kunye nexesha elithathayo ukuqeqesha nokufanelekela abantu abatsha. Indlela ye-ATP ikwafuna amava amakhulu okubhabha, kwaye amava okwakha emva kwesatifikethi sorhwebo anokubandakanya umsebenzi wokubhabha kwinqanaba lokuqala. Ubhubhane uphazamise ukuqeshwa kweenqwelo-moya kunye nokucwangciswa kwabasebenzi. Zizonke, ezi zinto zithetha ukuba abafundi abatsha bathatha ixesha lokuba ngabaviwa abafanelekileyo, nokuba abaqeshi baqesha ngokukhutheleyo.

Bangaphi abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abalindeleke ukuba bathathe umhlala-phantsi kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo?

Kulindeleke ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abangaphezu kwe-17,000 baseMelika bafikelele kwiminyaka yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi enyanzelekileyo ekupheleni kwale minyaka ilishumi. Elo nani lichaza abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abafikelela kumda weminyaka, endaweni yokumka ngakunye okulindelekileyo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokuqhuba. Kwiinkampani zeenqwelo-moya, umhlala-phantsi udala imfuno yokutshintshwa, kodwa isikhundla ngasinye sisaxhomekeke kwiimfuno zokusebenza kunye neziqinisekiso zomviwa. Ngoko ke, uqikelelo lomhlala-phantsi luphawu oluphambili lwabasebenzi, kungekhona ukubalwa ngokuthe ngqo kwezithuba ezikhoyo ngoku.