Mukati meZvikamu zveNdege uye Basa Radzo
Kunzwisisa zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvendege uye mashandisiro avanoita pamwe chete kwakakosha pakubata kuomarara kwendege. Kunyangwe iwe uri mutyairi wendege, mutyairi wendege, kana mumwe munhu anoda kuziva kuti michina yakanaka iyi inoshanda sei, gwara iri rinokutora iwe parwendo rwakadzama nemukati mendege nemashandiro ayo. Kubva pafuselage kusvika kune yekumhara giya, chikamu chega chega chinoita basa rakakosha mukushanda kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka kwendege. Mugwaro rino rakazara, tichaongorora zvikamu izvi, zvinangwa zvazvo, uye mapindiro azvinoita pachiitiko chose chekubhururuka.
Zvikamu zveNdege: Iyo Fuselage
The fuselage ndicho chikamu chepakati chendege, uye chinoshanda sechinhu chikuru chechimiro chinosungirirwa mamwe mativi ese endege. Ndiwo musimboti wendege, imba yekutandarira, kabhini yevafambi, kutakura zvinhu, uye mamwe masisitimu akakosha. Dhizaini yefuselage inosiyana zvichienderana neiyo rudzi rwendege, asi basa rayo rekutanga rinoramba rakafanana: kupa chimiro chakagadziridzwa chinoderedza aerodynamic drag uku uchiwedzera simba uye kusimba.
Mundege dzekutengesa, fuselage inowanzoreba, cylindrical chimiro chakagadzirwa neakareruka, yakakwirira-yakasimba zvinhu senge aruminiyamu alloys kana composite zvinhu. Iyi dhizaini haingodzikisi huremu chete asiwo inowedzera kushanda kwemafuta. Mukati me fuselage, iwe unowana iyo yevafambi kabhini, iyo inowanzo dzvanywa kuti ive nechokwadi chekunyaradza kumusoro. nzvimbo. Nzvimbo inotakura zvinhu, iri pasi pekabhini rinotakura vanhu, ndipo panochengetwa mikwende nezvimwe zvinhu.
Iyo fuselage Zvikamu zveNdege iyo zvakare inogara yakakosha masisitimu akadai se Environment control system (ECS), iyo inogadzirisa tembiricha yekabhini uye kudzvanywa kwemhepo, uye avionics bay, uko kune zvakakosha zvemagetsi masisitimu. Mune ndege diki, senge Piper Archer, fuselage inogona kunge yakanyatsobatana, asi ichiri kushanda zvakafanana basa rinokosha rekubata ndege pamwe chete uye kupa nzvimbo kune vatakuri uye michina.
Zvikamu zveNdege: The Cockpit
Cockpit ndiyo Zvikamu zveNdege iyo inodaidzwa senzvimbo yekuraira, apa ndipo apo vatyairi vendege vanodzora ndege uye vanoongorora masisitimu ayo. Ndiyo imwe yeakanyanya tekinoroji Zvikamu zveNdege, izere nezviridzwa uye zvidzoro zvinopa vatyairi vendege ruzivo rwavanoda kuti vaone kufamba kwakachengeteka. Kurongeka kwecockpit kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwendege, asi kazhinji inosanganisira zvinotevera zvikamu:
Chishandiso Panel
Chishandiso chepaneru ndiyo yekutanga interface pakati pevatyairi nevatyairi masisitimu endege. Inoratidza ruzivo rwakakosha senge airspeed, urefu, musoro, uye kuita kweinjini. Ndege dzemazuva ano dzinowanzoratidza magirazi ecockpit displays, ayo anoshandisa ma digital screens kuratidza ruzivo urwu nenzira yakajeka uye yakarongeka. Ndege dzechinyakare dzinogona kuramba dzichishandisa mageji eanalogi, asi kunyangwe aya akarongerwa kuti asvike nyore uye kuverenga.
Kudzora Kwendege
Zvidzoreso zvendege mucockpit zvinosanganisira joko kana kuti control stick, rudder pedals, uye throttle. Kudzora uku kunobvumira mutyairi kufambisa ndege nekugadzirisa nzvimbo yekudzora pamapapiro nemuswe. Joko kana kuti control stick inoshandiswa kudzora zvimbi uye chikepe, izvo zvinokanganisa kufamba uye kukwirira kwendege. Chidzoreso chinodzora chidzoreso, icho chinodzora kufamba kweyaw kwendege. Iyo throttle inodzora simba reinjini, ichibvumira mutyairi kuti awedzere kana kuderedza kumhanya.
Pilot Seats
Zvigaro zvevatyairi mu cockpit zvakagadzirirwa kunyaradza uye kushanda. Izvo zvinogadziriswa kuti zvigadzirire vatyairi vezvikwiriso zvakasiyana uye vanopa rubatsiro panguva dzendege refu. Chigaro chega chega chine hanezi dzekuchengetedza kuitira kuti mutyairi arambe akachengeteka panguva yemhirizhonga. Kuiswa kwezvigaro kunobvumira vatyairi vezvikepe kuti vave nekuona kusingabviri kwechiridzwa chechiridzwa uye kunze kwekunze.
Pamusoro Panel
Peneru yekumusoro ine ma switch uye zvidzoreso zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzirisa masisitimu endege, semwenje, pombi dzemafuta, uye simba remagetsi. Mundege hombe, pani iyi inosanganisirawo zvidzoreso zvemutyairi wemagetsi ekuwedzera (APU), iyo inopa simba remagetsi kana mainjini makuru asiri kushanda. Iyo pani yepamusoro yakagadzirirwa kuve mukati mekusvika nyore kwevatyairi, ichivabvumira kutonga masisitimu nemazvo panguva yekubhururuka.
Side Consoles
Side consoles mucockpit iri kuruboshwe nekurudyi kwezvigaro zvevatyairi. Aya maconsoles anowanzo gadzira mamwe ma controls uye switch anoshandiswa zvishoma kazhinji panguva yekubhururuka asi achiri akakosha pakushanda kwendege. Semuenzaniso, maside consoles anogona kusanganisira zvidzoreso zveredhiyo dzekutaurirana, masisitimu ekufambisa, uye kutonga kwemamiriro ekunze.
Zvikamu zveNdege: The Wings
Mapapiro ndiwo anonyanya kuzivikanwa zvikamu zvendege uye anoita basa rakakosha mukugadzira kusimudza, izvo zvinobvumira ndege kubhururuka. Magadzirirwo emapapiro, kusanganisira maumbirwo awo, ukuru, uye nzvimbo yenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekudzora, zvinotarisa kuti anoburitsa zvinobudirira sei. Mukati memapapiro, iwe unowana akati wandei akakosha zvikamu zvinoshanda pamwechete kuti ive nechokwadi chekubhururuka uye kudzorwa kubhururuka:
Ailerons
Ailerons zvikamu zvidiki zvine hinged Zvikamu zveNdege iri pamucheto wekutevera webapiro rega rega. Iyo inoshandiswa kudzora mupumburu wendege, ichiibvumira kubhangi kuruboshwe kana kurudyi. Mutyairi wendege paanofambisa joko kana kuti chimuti chokudzora ndege, zvidhori zvinofamba zvakatarisana—imwe inokwira imwe ichidzika. Kufamba uku kunoita kuti bapiro rimwe chete ribudise kusimudza kupfuura rimwe, zvichiita kuti iite kufamba kunotenderedza ndege kwainoda.
Anorova
Anorova ndiyo imwe seti yezvimiro zvine hinged pamucheto wekutevera wemapapiro, ari padyo nefuselage pane ailerons. Ivo vanonyanya kushandiswa panguva kusimuka uye kumhara kuwedzera kusimudza kunogadzirwa nemapapiro pakumhanya kwakaderera. Nokutambanudza mapapiro, mutyairi anogona kuderedza ndege stall speed, zvichibvumira kusimuka uye kumhara kwakachengeteka uye kwakadzora. Maflaps anodzoserwa panguva yekufamba nendege kuti aderedze kudhonza uye kuchengetedza kunyatsoshanda kwemafuta.
Winglet
Mapapiro madiki madiki akatwasuka pamatipi emapapiro. Basa ravo guru nderokuderedza kukweva kunokonzerwa nemapapiro emapapiro, ayo ari mhirizhonga yemhepo inoumba semhepo ine simba guru iri pasi pebapiro inosangana nemhepo yakaderera-pasi pamusoro payo. Nekudzikisa uku kudhonza, mapapiro anovandudza kushanda kwemafuta uye kuwedzera huwandu hwese hwendege. Winglets chinhu chakajairika pandege dzemazuva ano dzekutengesa uye dzakagadzirirwa kusimudzira kushanda pasina kuwedzera huremu hwakakosha.
Slats
Slats inzvimbo dzinofambiswa dziri pamucheto unotungamira wemapapiro. Kufanana nemaflaps, anoshandiswa kuwedzera kusimudza panguva yekusimuka uye kumhara. Kana yawedzerwa, slats inogadzira mukaha pakati pekutungamirira kwebapiro uye nzvimbo huru yemapapiro, zvichiita kuti mweya ufambe zvakanaka pamusoro pebapiro. Izvi zvinodzikisira mukana wekutandarira nekumhanya kwakaderera uye zvinonatsiridza kugadzikana kwendege panguva dzakaoma dzekubhururuka.
Spoilers
Spoilers mapaneru akafuratira pamusoro pepamusoro pemapapiro anogona kusimudzwa kuti avhiringidze kubuda kwemhepo pamusoro pebapiro, kuderedza kusimudza uye kuwedzera kudhonza. Iwo anonyanya kushandiswa panguva yekumhara kubatsira kudzikamisa ndege pasi uye kuve nechokwadi chekubata zvakanaka. Maspoilers anogonawo kushandiswa pakubhururuka kubatsira nekudzika uye kubatsira ndege kuti irasikirwe nekukwira nekukasira. Dzimwe ndege dzine mbavha dzepasi, dzinozvitumira otomatiki pakumhara kuti dziwedzere kukweva uye kuderedza chinhambwe chekumhara.
Zvikamu zveNdege: Muswe (Empennage)
Muswe, kana empennage, ndiyo yeshure Zvikamu zveNdege inopa kugadzikana uye kutonga. Iyo ine zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: iyo yakatsetseka inodzikamisa uye yakamira yakamira. Zvinhu izvi zvinoshanda pamwe chete kuita kuti ndege irambe iri pakati nepakati uye inoita kuti mutyairi adzore makwiriro uye kudzedzereka kwendege.
Horizontal Stabilizer uye Elevator
The horizontal stabilizer idiki mapapiro-yakafanana chimiro chiri kumashure kwendege. Basa rayo guru nderokupa kugadzikana mu-pitch axis, kudzivirira mhino yendege kubva pakufamba kumusoro kana pasi zvisingadzoreki. Yakanamirwa kune yakachinjika inodzikamisa isimudzo, nzvimbo ine hinged iyo mutyairi wendege anogona kufamba kuti adzore kukwirira kwendege. Nokugadzirisa lift, mutyairi wendege anogona kusimudza kana kudzikisa mhino, zvichiita kuti ndege ikwire kana kudzika.
Vertical Stabilizer uye Rudder
The vertical stabilizer is the fin-like structure iri pamusoro pemuswe wendege. Basa rayo rekutanga nderekupa kugadzikana muyaw axis, kudzivirira ndege kubva kutenderera kune rimwe divi. Pane chinodzikamisa chakamira pane chidzoreso, chidzoreso, nzvimbo ine hinged iyo mutyairi wendege anogona kufamba kuti adzore kutadza kwendege. Nokushandisa zvidzoreso, mutyairi wendege anogona kutendeutsa ndege kuruboshwe kana kurudyi, zvichibatsira kuti idzore nzira panguva yekubhururuka.
Zvikamu zveNdege: Iyo Injini (s)
Injini, kana kuti injini dzendege midziyo yayo yemagetsi, ichipa simba rinodiwa kuti ndege ienderere mberi. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzeinjini dzinoshandiswa mundege, kusanganisira piston injini, turboprop injini, uye jet injini. Mhando yega yega yeinjini inoshanda zvakasiyana, asi ese anoshanda chinangwa chimwe chete: kugadzira kusunda nekupisa mafuta uye kudzinga magasi emhepo nekumhanya kukuru.
Muinjini yejeti yakajairika, mweya unodhonzwa mukati kuburikidza nekupinda uye kudzvanywa nenhevedzano yemashizha anotenderera. Iyi mhepo yakamanikidzwa inobva yasanganiswa nemafuta uye inotungidzirwa mukamuri rinopisa, zvichiita kuti pave nepamusoro-soro, kupisa-kupisa kwemhepo kunobudiswa kuburikidza nemuromo uri kumashure kwejini. Simba repombi iyi rinosundira ndege mberi, ichipa simba rinodiwa pakubhururuka. Imwe ndege, sePiper Archer, inoshandisa injini dzepiston, dzinoshanda pane imwechete musimboti asi neimwe nzira yemukati.
Zvikamu zveNdege: Iyo Propeller
Iyo propeller chinhu chakakosha chendege inofambiswa nepiston injini kana turboprop injini. Iyo ine mablades akati wandei anotenderera akapoteredza hub yepakati, achishandura simba reinjini kuita simba. Sezvo propeller blades inotenderera, inogadzira mutsauko mukutsikirira kwemhepo pakati pemberi nekumashure, ichigadzira kusimudza nekukwevera ndege mberi. Magadzirirwo uye kukwirira kwemablades epropeller zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwendege uye mashandisiro ayo.
MaPropeller anoshanda zvakanyanya pakumhanya kwakaderera, zvichiita kuti aenderane nendege diki nendege dzedunhu. Huwandu hwemablades, maumbirwo awo, uye kona yawo yekurwisa zvakanyatsogadzirwa kuti zviwedzere kupinza uku uchideredza kudhonza. Mamwe mapropeller emazuva ano anogona kuchinjika, zvichiita kuti vatyairi vendege vashandure makwiriro ekubhururuka kuti vagone kushanda zvakanaka pazvikamu zvakasiyana zvekubhururuka, zvakadai sokusimuka, rwendo, kana kumhara.
Zvikamu zveNdege: Iyo Yekumhara Gear
Iyo yekumhara giya ndiyo yepasi peiyo ndege inoitsigira panguva yekusimuka, kumhara, uye ichikwira tekisi pasi. Inoita basa rakakosha mukuona kumhara kwakachengeteka uye kwakatsetseka nekutora mabatiro ekubata pasi uye kupa kugadzikana panguva yekushanda kwevhu. Pane akati wandei akakosha zvikamu uye zvigadziriso zvegiya rekumhara zvekufunga nezvazvo:
maingear
Iyo huru giya ine maviri makuru seti emavhiri kana skids ari pasi pemapapiro kana fuselage. Mavhiri aya ane basa rekutakura huremu hwakawanda hwendege uye kutora masimba ekuita panguva yekumhara. Iyo giya hombe inowanzo shongedzerwa nekuvhunduka uye ma struts ayo anobatsira kumisa kumhara uye kuderedza kushushikana pachimiro chendege.
Mhuno Gear
Iyo mhino yemhino, iri kumberi kwendege, inotsigira mhino yendege uye inopa kutungamira panguva yetekisi. Iyo inowanzo sanganisira seti yemavhiri kana skids yakafanana negiya guru asi iine mamwe maitiro ekufambisa. Iro giya remhuno rakakosha pakufamba pasi, zvichibvumira mutyairi wendege kutungamira ndege kuenda nekubva kunzira yekufambisa ndege kana nzvimbo yekupaka.
Shock Absorbers
Shock absorbers, kana oleo struts, hydraulic kana pneumatic zvishandiso zvinobatsira kudzikamisa masimba anowanikwa negiya rekumhara panguva yekumhara. Ivo vanoshanda nekumanikidza uye kuwedzera kuti vatore simba rekukanganisa uye kudzivirira zvakanyanya kubhuroka kana kudedera. Shock absorbers yakakosha pakuchengetedza kunyaradzwa kwevafambi uye kuvimbika kwendege panguva yekumhara nekusimuka.
Retractable Gear
Dzimwe ndege dzakashongedzerwa negiya rekumhara, rinogona kusimudzwa mufuselage panguva yekubhururuka kuderedza kudhonza uye kuvandudza aerodynamics. Iro giya rinowanzo shandiswa ne hydraulic kana magetsi masisitimu uye rinodzikiswa nekuvharirwa panzvimbo risati ramhara. Giya rekumhara rinodzoreka rinowanzo kuwanikwa mundege inokurumidza uye inobatsira kusimudzira kuita kwese uye kushanda kwemafuta.
Yakamisikidzwa Gear
Kusiyana neizvi, giya rekumhara rakagadziriswa rinoramba riri panzvimbo yakamira uye harigone kudzoserwa. Fixed giya rinowanzo kuwanikwa mundege diki uye inopa yakapfava, yakasimba dhizaini. Nepo giya rakagadziriswa rinogona kugadzira imwe dhizaini, kazhinji inodhura-inoshanda uye inoda kushoma kugadzirisa kana ichienzaniswa neinodzoreredzwa giya.
mhedziso
Zvikamu zveNdege zvinoshanda pamwe chete zvine hushamwari kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedza, inoshanda, uye yakasununguka ruzivo rwendege. Chimwe nechimwe chikamu, kubva pafuselage kusvika kune yekumhara giya, chinoita basa rakakosha mukushanda kwese kwendege. Kunzwisisa zvikamu izvi nemabasa azvo hakungokwidziri kukoshesa kwako kwendege asi kunopawo ruzivo rwakakosha kune avo vari kutsvaga basa mumunda.
Paunenge uchinyura munyika yezvendege, yeuka kuti ndege imwe neimwe, ingave diki ine injini imwe chete kana ndege huru yekutengeserana, inotsamira pazvinhu izvi zvakakosha kuita mabasa ayo. Kunyatsogadzira uye kubatanidzwa kwezvikamu izvi kunovimbisa kuti ndege imwe neimwe yakatsetseka uye inoshanda sezvinobvira.
Kana iwe uchifarira kutsvaga basa rekubhururuka nendege kana kungoda kudzidza zvakawanda nezve kubhururuka, funga nezvekusvika Florida Flyers Flight Academy. Nezvirongwa zvavo zvehunyanzvi zvekudzidzisa uye zvivakwa-zve-iyo-zvivakwa, vanogona kukubatsira kutora matanho ekutanga kusvika pakuzadzisa yako. basa rendege zvinangwa. Tanga rwendo rwako nhasi uye uwane kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwenyika inonakidza yekubhururuka!
Bata Florida Flyers Flight Academy Team nhasi pa (904) 209-3510 kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvekubhadharira chikoro chendege.
