Cable Systems, Hydraulic Systems, uye Fly by Wire muAircraft
Indasitiri yezvendege yakaona kufambira mberi kunoshamisa mumakore apfuura, uye imwe yenzvimbo dzakanyanya kukosha yekuvandudza iri mukati. hurongwa hwekudzora ndege. Kubva pamazuva ekutanga ekubhururuka, uko vatyairi vezvikepe vakashandisa kudzora nzvimbo kuburikidza netambo dzakatevedzana nemapulleys, kusvika kunguva yemazuvano apo masisitimu emagetsi emagetsi anotonga kutonga kwendege, shanduko yave iri chinhu chipfupi chekushandura.
Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora mutsauko uripo pakati pechinyakare mechanically actuated cable systems, hydraulic systems, uye yemazuva ano inobhururuka nemawaya masisitimu, ichipa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemafambisirwo ehurongwa hwega hwega nebasa rayo mukubhururuka kwezvino.
Fly by Wire: Kutarisa kuMechanically Actuated Cable Systems
Mechanically actuated cable systems inomiririra nzira yekutanga yekudzora ndege inoshandiswa mukubhururuka. Aya masisitimu anotsamira pane network yetambo, pulleys, uye mechanical linkages kuti abatanidze zvidzoreso zvemutyairi mucockpit kunzvimbo yekudzora ndege, senge zvimbi, erevheta, uye rudhi.
Muchikanika chine tambo yetambo, kana mutyairi anofambisa joko kana zvidzoreso zvekudzoresa, chiito chinodhonza zvakananga kana kusundira tambo dzakabatanidzwa kunzvimbo yekudzora. Iyi mechanic linkage inovimbisa mhinduro yakananga, yakaenzana kune zvakaiswa mutyairi, ichipa mutyairi tactile mhinduro uye pfungwa yekudzora. Kureruka kweaya masisitimu kwaabvumira kuti arambe achishandiswa, kunyanya mundege diki, shoma.
Zvakanakira Cable Systems
Mabhenefiti emakanika actuated cable masisitimu akadzika midzi mukureruka kwavo uye kuvimbika. Imwe yemabhenefiti akanyanya kukosha kubatana kwakananga pakati pemutyairi uye nzvimbo dzekudzora. Ichi chinongedzo chakananga chinopa mhinduro yekukurumidza kumutyairi wendege, ichigonesa kutonga chaiko kwendege. Pamusoro pezvo, matambo masisitimu ari nyore kuchengetedza nekugadzirisa. Chimiro chavo chemuchina chinoreva kuti vanogona kutariswa nekuona kusakara uye kubvaruka, uye kugadzirisa kazhinji kunogona kuitwa pasina hunyanzvi hwekushandisa.
Imwe bhenefiti inokosha kusununguka kwavo kubva kumanyuko emagetsi. Kusiyana nehydraulic kana fly-by-waya masisitimu, mechanically actuated cable systems haivimbi nemagetsi kana hydraulic pressure. Kuzvimiririra uku kunovimbisa kuti hurongwa hwekutonga hunoramba huchishanda kunyange kana pakaitika kukundikana kwemagetsi, kupa chiyero chekuregererwa kunokosha mumamiriro ekukurumidzira.
Mechanically actuated cable systems zvakare inodhura-inoshanda, kunyanya mundege diki umo kuomarara uye huremu hwemamwe masisitimu epamberi angave asina kunaka. Kureruka kweaya masisitimu kunodzikisira zvese mutengo wekutanga uye yenguva refu yekugadzirisa mari, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inoshanda kune general aviation ndege.
Kuipa kweCable Systems
Pasinei nemabhenefiti avo, mechanically actuated tambo masisitimu haasi asina zvipingaidzo zvavo. Imwe yezvipimo zvekutanga ndeye simba remuviri rinodiwa kushandura zvidzoreso, kunyanya mundege hombe kana nekumhanya kwakanyanya. Sezvo aerodynamic forces kushanda panzvimbo yekudzora kunowedzera, mutyairi wendege anofanira kushandisa simba rakawanda kuti avafambise, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira mukuneta kwemutyairi nekufamba kwenguva.
Chimwe chinokanganisa ndiko kukwanisa kwekutadza kwemagetsi. Nepo matambo masystem achiwanzo kuvimbika, anogona kukurumidza kupfeka uye kubvaruka nekufamba kwenguva. Matambo anogona kupera, mapulley anogona kupera, uye zvinongedzo zvinogona kusununguka. Kugara uchigadzirisa kunodiwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti sisitimu inoramba iri muhurongwa hwakanaka hwekushanda, uye chero kutadza muhurongwa kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakomba.
Pamusoro pezvo, mechanically actuated cable systems inogumira mukukwanisa kwavo kubatanidza neyazvino avionics uye otomatiki masisitimu. Munguva iyo mafambisirwo ekufambisa kwendege epamberi ari kuita tsika, zvipimo zvematambo etambo maererano neotomatiki uye kubatanidzwa zviri kuwedzera kuoneka. Kuganhurirwa uku kunoita kuti dzisakodzere ndege dzemazuvano dzekutengesa nedzechiuto, uko masisitimu epamusoro ekudzora ndege anowanzodiwa.
Fly by Wire: Mechanically Actuated Hydraulic Systems Inotsanangurwa
MaHydraulic masisitimu mundege kufambira mberi kwakakosha pamusoro pechinyakare-inofambiswa netambo, kunyanya kune hombe uye nekukurumidza ndege. Aya masisitimu anoshandisa hydraulic mvura pasi pekumanikidzwa kufambisa nzvimbo dzekutonga, kuderedza kushanda kwemuviri kunodiwa nemutyairi wendege uye kubvumira kunyatso kudzora pakumhanya kwakanyanya uye kumusoro.
Mune mechanically actuated hydraulic system, zvinopinza zvemutyairi zvinofambiswa kuburikidza netambo kana tsvimbo kune hydraulic actuator. Iyi actuator inobva yafambisa nzvimbo yekudzora ichishandisa hydraulic pressure, inogadzirwa nemapombi anofambiswa neinjini dzendege. Iyo sisitimu inoshanda pamisimboti yeMutemo waPascal, iyo inotaura kuti kumanikidza kunoshandiswa kune yakavharirwa mvura inofambiswa zvakaenzana mumativi ese.
Hydraulics uye Mutemo waPascal
Mutemo waPascal ndiyo hwaro hwe hydraulic systems mundege. Maererano nemusimboti uyu, kana dzvinyiriro ikaiswa kumvura iri munzvimbo yakavharirwa, kumanikidzwa ikoko kunogoverwa zvakaenzana mumvura yose. Izvi zvinobvumira simba diki rekupinza kuti riburitse simba rekubuda rakakura, richigonesa kufamba kwenzvimbo dzinorema dzekudzora nekuedza kushoma kubva kumutyairi.
Mukutaura kwekushanda, kana mutyairi wendege achifambisa zvidzoreso mu hydraulic system, simba rinoiswa pane yekudzora column kana rudder pedals inofambiswa kuburikidza ne hydraulic line kuenda ku piston mune hydraulic actuator. Dzvinyiriro ye hydraulic fluid inomanikidza piston kuti ifambe, iyo inofambisa nzvimbo yekudzora. Urongwa uhwu hunobvumira kunyatsodzora kufamba kwendege pasina kushanda nesimba.
Mabhenefiti eAircraft Hydraulic Systems
Hydraulic masisitimu inopa akati wandei mabhenefiti pamusoro pemakanika actuated tambo masisitimu, kunyanya maererano nesimba uye nemazvo. Kubatsira kwakanyanya ndiko kudzikiswa kwemutyairi webasa. MaHydraulic masisitimu anogona kuburitsa simba rakakosha rine zvidiki zvekupinza, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kudzora hombe uye nekukurumidza ndege. Uku kuderedzwa kwekuedza kwemuviri kunonyanya kukosha mukubhururuka kwepamusoro-soro, uko mauto e-aerodynamic panzvimbo yekudzora yakawanda zvikuru.
Imwe bhenefiti ndeyekurongeka kwekutonga. Hydraulic systems inobvumira kugadziriswa kwakanaka kune nzvimbo dzekutonga, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore uye zvakanyatsogadzirisa kubata ndege. Kurongeka uku kunonyanya kukosha mukubhururuka kwendege uye kwemauto, uko kugona kuita diki, gadziriso chaiyo kunzira yendege inogona kunetsa.
Hydraulic masisitimu zvakare akavimbika zvakanyanya uye akasimba. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kushanda pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akanyanya, kusanganisira kupisa kwakanyanya, kumanikidzwa, uye mitoro. Pamusoro pezvo, ma hydraulic masisitimu anokwanisa kupa mashandiro anoenderana munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekushanda, zvichiita kuti dzikwane zvakakwana kune zvinodiwa nendege yemazuva ano.
Kuipa kweHydraulics
Pasinei nemabhenefiti avo, hydraulic masisitimu ane zvimwe zvinokanganisa. Imwe yezvakashata zvikuru ndeyekuvimba nemagetsi. MaHydraulic masisitimu anoda mapombi kuti agadzire kudzvanywa kwakakodzera, uye mapombi aya anowanzo fambiswa neinjini dzendege. Muchiitiko chekutadza kweinjini kana kurasikirwa kwe hydraulic pressure, iyo control system inogona kusashanda, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukurasikirwa kwekutonga.
Chimwe chinokanganisa kuoma uye huremu hwe hydraulic systems. Zvinoda network yemapombi, ma actuators, madhirimu, uye mitsetse yemvura, zvese izvi zvinowedzera huremu nekuoma kunzwisisa kundege. Kuwedzera uremu uku kunogona kuderedza kushanda kwemafuta, nepo kuomarara kunogona kutungamira kumitengo yepamusoro yekugadzirisa uye mukana mukuru wekutadza kwehurongwa.
MaHydraulic masisitimu anowanzo kudonha, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwe hydraulic fluid uye kunotevera kurasikirwa kwesystem pressure. Kugara kugadziridzwa kunodiwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwehurongwa, uye chero kuvuza kunofanirwa kugadziriswa nekukurumidza kudzivirira kutadza kwehurongwa.
Fly by Wire: Zvazvinoreva
Fly by wire (FBW) inomiririra kusvetuka kwakakosha kumberi muhunyanzvi hwekudzora ndege. Kusiyana nemasisitimu emuchina, ayo anovimba nekubatana kwemuviri pakati pezvinodzora zvemutyairi nenzvimbo yekudzora, kubhururuka newaya masisitimu anoshandisa masaini emagetsi kufambisa zvinopinda zvemutyairi. Izvi zvinopinda zvinogadziriswa nemakomputa epaboard, ayo anobva atumira mirairo kune ma actuators anofambisa nzvimbo dzekutonga. Iyi sisitimu inobvisa kudiwa kwemakina ekubatanidza, kudzikisa huremu uye kuomarara uku uchiwedzera kuita kwese kwendege uye kuchengetedzeka.
Izwi rekuti "Fly by Wire" rinoreva kutsiviwa kwezvakajairwa zvinodzora ndege nemanyorero nemagetsi. Mutambo yenhunzi newaya, mafambiro emutyairi wendege anoshandurwa kuita masaini emagetsi, ayo anofambiswa newaya (saka “waya”) kuenda kumakomputa anodzora ndege. Aya makomputa anogadzirisa masaini uye anotumira mirairo inoenderana kune ma actuators anofambisa nzvimbo dzekutonga. Iyi setup haingorerutsa sisitimu yekutonga asi zvakare inobvumira yakakura otomatiki uye kusanganisa nezvimwe nendege ndege.
Fly by wire systems kazhinji chikamu chesutu yakakura yeavionics yepamusoro inosanganisira autopilot, hurongwa hwekutarisira ndege, uye mamwe maotomatiki ekudzora. Aya masisitimu anogona kukwidziridza kuita kwendege nekugadzira chaiyo-nguva zvigadziriso kunzvimbo dzekutonga zvichibva pane kumhanya kwendege, kukwira, uye mamwe maparameter. Kubhururuka newaya kunobvumirawo kushandiswa kwekudzivirira kwehamvuropu yendege, izvo zvinodzivirira mutyairi wendege kuti asaite zvekudzora zvinogona kutungamirira kumamiriro ezvinhu ane ngozi, akadai sokudarika miganhu yegadziriro yendege kana kupinda mudanga.
Zvakanakira Fly by Wire Ndege
Kubhururuka newaya masisitimu anopa akati wandei mabhenefiti, achivaita sarudzo inosarudzika kune yemazuvano ndege dzekutengesa nemauto. Imwe yezvinonyanya kukosha ndeyekuderedzwa kwehuremu uye kuoma. Nekubvisa kudiwa kwemakina ekubatanidza, kubhururuka-ne-waya masisitimu anoderedza huremu hwese hwendege, zvichitungamira mukuvandudza kushanda kwemafuta uye kuita.
Imwe bhenefiti yakakosha ndeyekuwedzera kuchengetedzeka uye kuvimbika kunopihwa nenhunzi newaya masisitimu. Aya masisitimu anogona kusanganisira nzira dzakawanda dzakawandisa dzekutumira masaini, kuve nechokwadi chekuti kutadza mune chimwe chikamu chehurongwa hakukonzeri kurasikirwa kwekutonga. Uyezve, kubatanidzwa kwekudzivirira hamvuropu yendege kunobatsira kudzivirira vatyairi vendege kuti vasaite zvinhu zvinogona kuisa ndege pangozi, zvichideredza njodzi yetsaona.
Fly by wire systems inobvumirawo kushanduka kukuru mukugadzirwa kwendege. Nekuti nzvimbo dzekutonga dzinoitwa nemagetsi masiginecha kwete ma mechanic linkages, vagadziri vane rusununguko rwakawanda rwekugonesa aerodynamics uye chimiro chendege. Uku kuchinjika kunogona kutungamira mukuvandudzwa kwekuita, kubata, uye kugona kwese.
Chekupedzisira, kubhururuka newaya masisitimu anogonesa advanced automation uye kubatanidzwa nemamwe masisitimu endege. Kubatanidzwa uku kunobvumira kudzora kwakanyatsojeka kwendege uye kunoderedza basa remutyairi, kunyanya panguva yekufambisa kwakaoma kana mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka. Iyo sisitimu yekugona kugadzirisa otomatiki zvigadziriso zvinoenderana nechaiyo-nguva data zvakare inobatsira kune yakapfava uye inonyatso mashandiro endege.
Zvakaipa zveFly by Waya
Pasinei nezvakanakira zvakawanda, kubhururuka newaya masisitimu hakusi pasina matambudziko avo. Imwe yezvinonyanya kunetsekana ndeye kuvimba nezvinhu zvemagetsi uye software. Nepo masisitimu aya achiwanzovimbika, anogona kuve panjodzi kumatambudziko akadai semasoftware bugs, kutadza kwemagetsi, kana kutyisidzira kwecyber. Muchiitiko chekusashanda zvakanaka kwesoftware, sisitimu yacho inogona kududzira zvinopinza mutyairi zvisizvo, zvichitungamira kune zvisingatarisirwe kudzora maitiro. Kunyangwe zvemazuva ano nhunzi newaya masisitimu akagadzirwa aine akawanda akaturikidzana ekudzikisa njodzi idzi, kuvimba nemasisitimu akaomarara emagetsi anounza seti yakasiyana yekutadza modhi kana ichienzaniswa neyechinyakare masystem masisitimu.
Chimwe chinokanganisa kurasikirwa kwetactile mhinduro iyo vatyairi vendege vanogashira vane mechanically actuated systems. Mumaseti echinyakare, vatyairi vendege vanogona kunzwa mauto ari kushanda panzvimbo yekudzora kuburikidza netsvimbo yekudzora kana joko. Mhinduro iyi inogona kupa mazano anokosha pamusoro pemafambiro endege uye mhinduro kune zvinopinda. Fly by wire systems, zvisinei, kazhinji inoshaya iyi yakananga mechanical connection, zvinoreva kuti vatyairi vendege vangasagamuchire nhanho imwe yemhinduro. Nepo mamwe anobhururuka newaya masisitimu anosanganisira ekugadzira emhinduro maitiro ekutevedzera aya masimba, anogona kusanyatso dzokorora nuances yeakananga mechaniki yekubatanidza.
Kubhururuka newaya masisitimu inodawo kuomesesa kuyedzwa uye kusimbiswa nekuda kwekuoma kwadzo. Iko kubatanidzwa kwesoftware uye Hardware kunofanirwa kutariswa nekuchenjera kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti sisitimu inoita sezvinotarisirwa pasi pemamiriro ese ekushanda. Kuyedzwa uku kunogona kutora nguva uye kudhura, zvichiwedzera kumari yese yekugadzira nekupa zvitupa zvekubhururuka newaya ndege.
Chekupedzisira, kubhururuka newaya masisitimu anowanzo kudhura kugadzira, kushandisa, uye kuchengetedza zvichienzaniswa neachinyakare mechanicha kana hydraulic masisitimu. Mutengo wekutanga wekugadzira nekusimbisa nhunzi newaya system inogona kukwira, uye kuenderera mberi kwekugadzirisa kunoda ruzivo rwakanyanya uye michina. Mutengo wepamusoro uyu unogona kuve chipingamupinyi kune vagadziri vendege vadiki kana vafambisi vangave vasina mari yekuisa mari muhunyanzvi hwepamusoro kudaro.
mhedziso
Shanduko yemasisitimu ekudzora ndege kubva kumatambo akabatidzwa kusvika kune mahydraulic masisitimu uye pakupedzisira kubhururuka newaya tekinoroji inomiririra kufambira mberi kwakakosha mukubhururuka. Imwe neimwe sisitimu ine yayo seti yemabhenefiti uye zvinokanganisa, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune akasiyana mhando dzendege uye zvinodiwa pakushanda.
Mechanically actuated tambo masisitimu anopa nyore, kuvimbika, uye mutengo-unoshanda, kunyanya mundege diki uko zvinodikanwa pahurongwa hwekutonga hazvina kusimba. Nekudaro, ivo vanoda simba rakawanda remuviri kubva kumutyairi uye vanogumira mukukwanisa kwavo kubatanidza neazvino avionics uye otomatiki masisitimu.
MaHydraulic masisitimu anopa simba uye kurongeka kunodiwa kune hombe uye nekukurumidza ndege, kuderedza basa rekutyaira uye kugonesa kutonga kwakaringana. Aya masisitimu akasimba uye akavimbika asi anouya nekuwedzera kuoma, uremu, uye kugadzirisa zvinodiwa.
Fly by wire tekinoroji inomiririra chikuru chekutonga kwendege kwemazuva ano, ichipa huremu hwakadzikira, kuchengetedzeka kwakawedzera, uye kuchinjika kukuru mukugadzira nekushanda. Pasinei nekuvimba kwayo nemagetsi emagetsi uye software, iyo inosuma matambudziko matsva, kubhururuka newaya kwave kuri chiyero chendege zhinji dzekutengesa uye dzemauto nekuda kwezvakanakira zvakawanda.
Sezvo tekinoroji ichienderera mberi, ramangwana rehurongwa hwekudzora ndege hunogona kuona humwe hutsva hunovaka panheyo dzeaya masystem aripo. Kungave kuburikidza neyakagadziridzwa otomatiki, yakagadziridzwa redundancy, kana nzira nyowani dzekudzora, chinangwa chinogara chiri chekuita kuti kubhururuka kuve kwakachengeteka, kunyatsoita, uye kuwanika nyore.
Kana iwe uchifarira nezvekufamba nendege uye uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezveaya epamberi ekudzora ndege masisitimu, hapana nzvimbo iri nani yekutanga kupfuura Florida Flyers Flight Academy. Kana uchifarira kuva mutyairi wendege kana kufambisira mberi hunyanzvi hwako hwazvino, Florida Flyers inopa epamusoro-notch zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa izvo zvinokushongedza iwe neruzivo uye ruzivo rwunodiwa kuti ubudirire muindasitiri yezvendege.
PaFlorida Flyers, iwe unowana ruzivo rwemaoko nendege dzechinyakare uye dzemazuva ano, zvichikupa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemasisitimu anochengeta ndege mudenga.
Bata Florida Flyers Flight Academy Team nhasi pa (904) 209-3510 kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvekubhadharira chikoro chendege.
