Nzvimbo yeKusvika Pamugwagwa: Kwekusvika Uye Nei Zvichikosha

Nzira yacho inotaridzika kubva pakona yemutyairi wendege. Yakamhanya nemhepo yakagadzikana. Nzira yekumhanyira yakatwasuka. Kupenya kunotanga. Mavhiri anobva adonha achipfuura zviratidzo zvenzvimbo yekunanga, uye nzira yasara yekumhanyira inodzikira nekukurumidza kupfuura zvaitarisirwa. Iri harisi dambudziko rehunyanzvi. Idambudziko renzvimbo yekumhanyira.

Vatyairi vendege vazhinji vanoziva kuti vanofanira kuwira munzvimbo yekubata ndege. Vashoma vanogona kuiona vasina kutarisa mudziyo. Vashoma vachiri kuziva mitemo yekusarudza inoparadzanisa kumhara kwakachengeteka kubva pakutenderera. Zano rakajairika, chinangwa chezviratidzo, harina kukwana. Rinosiya mitemo miviri inoshandiswa nevatyairi vendege vane ruzivo kusarudza kana voita mhirizhonga kana kuti vorega.

Chinyorwa chino chinotaura nezvenzvimbo yekudonhera pasi, maitiro ekuverenga zviratidzo zvayo pamugwagwa, uye mitemo miviri yakakosha yekusarudza iyo vazhinji vanoitevera vanofuratira: mutemo we70-50 wehurefu hwenzira yekumhanyira uye mutemo we51% wekumhara kwemhepo. Pakupedzisira, uchaziva chaizvo pekumhara uye nguva yekufamba-famba.

Chii chinonzi Runway Touchdown Zone Chaizvo?

Nzvimbo yekusvika pasi ndiyo chikamu chenhandare yendege, iri mhiri kwemusuwo, uko ndege dzekumhara dzinofanirwa kutanga dzabata nhandare yendege. Gwaro reFAA Pilot/Controller inotsanangura senzira yekutanga yekumhanya ine makiromita zviuru zvitatu (3,000 feet) inotangira pamusuwo. Tsananguro yeICAO yakakura, inotsanangura nzvimbo, kwete daro rakatarwa.

Vatyairi vazhinji vanofunga kuti nzvimbo iyi inzvimbo imwe chete. Haisi. Inzvimbo yakagadzirirwa kupinza kurova kwekutanga uye kukupa mukana wekumira. Nzvimbo iyi iripo kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvipingamupinyi zviri kuburitswa pamiganho yekusvika uye yekumhara. Kana ikasasvika ipapo, mwenje yekusvika inopinda panjodzi. Kana ikasasvika ipapo, unomira kure wobva wadya kusvika padanho rekumira.

Musiyano uripo pakati petsanangudzo dzeFAA neICAO unokosha pakubhururuka kwenyika dzese. FAA inoti 3,000 tsoka. ICAO inoti nzvimbo yacho ndiyo inotaurwa nemugadziri. Imwe mutemo. Imwe gwara. Ziva kuti ndeipi inoshanda kwauri kuenda.

Kunzwisisa musiyano uyu kunochinja mashandisiro aunoita nzira yekutaura nayo. Unorega kutsvaga nzvimbo imwe chete yaunoda. Unotanga kutsvaga nzvimbo. Kuchinja ikoko chete ndiko kunodzivirira zvikanganiso zvinowanzo itika pakumhara.

Kuverenga Zviratidzo Pamugwagwa

Nzvimbo yekusvika panhandare yendege haisi chakavanzika. Yakapendwa zvakananga panhandare yendege mumutauro unogona kuverengwa nemutyairi wendege chero upi zvake. AIM inotsanangura nzvimbo yacho semamita 3,000 ekutanga, uye zviratidzo zvinokuudza kuti ndizvo chaizvo zviri kupi.

• Zviratidzo zvemuganhu. Aya ndiwo mitsetse michena pahupamhi hwenzira yekumhanyira. Ndiwo anotanga nzvimbo yekumhanyira inoshandiswa. Mitsetse misere panzira dzekumhanyira ine upamhi hunopfuura mamita 100, mina pamitsetse mitete.
• Zviratidzo zvekunanga. Makona maviri machena akakora, rimwe riri kumativi ese emutsetse wepakati. Akagara mamita 1,020 kubva pamusuwo. Apa ndipo paunonanga ndege, kwete pamusuwo pachawo.
• Zviratidzo zvenzvimbo yekubata pasi. Mapeya machena emakona machena akaparadzaniswa nemamita 500. Anotangira panzvimbo yakanangana uye anoenderera mberi pasi penzira yekumhanyira. Peya yega yega inokuudza kuti uri kure zvakadii munzvimbo yauri.
• Zviratidzo zvepakati. Mitsetse michena yakapatsanurwa inomhanya nerurefu rwese rwenzira yekumhanyira. Inokuchengetedza wakatarisana nerunway axis. Munzvimbo yekubata, inokubatsira kugadzirisa kudonha kwemavhiri asati agunzva.
• Zviratidzo zvemucheto wenzira yekumhanya. Mitsetse chena yakajeka inoratidza miganhu yemativi. Kugara pakati pavo munzvimbo iyi zvinoreva kuti uri panzvimbo yakagadzirwa nematombo. Kufamba-famba kunze kwavo kuchaita kuti ukwanise kufamba nendege.

Zviratidzo izvi zvinoumba chimiro chekuona. Zviverengei pamwe chete uye munogona kusimbisa nzvimbo yenyu musingatarise chiridzwa. Nguva inotevera yamunobhururuka, tsanangurai nzvimbo yacho muchishandisa dhayagiramu yendege mozoiongorora nemaziso enyu ari pamugwagwa. zviratidzo zvenhandare yendege nemwenje inoshandura nzvimbo yakapendwa kuita chishandiso chekusarudza.

Nei Kusvika Panze Pasi Penzvimbo Yacho Kwaine Ngozi?

Kusvika pedyo nenzvimbo yekumira yendege kuchiwanzoitika, kunyanya panzvimbo pfupi dzekumira dzendege uko mukana wekukanganisa watove mudiki. Chikanganiso chacho chinoita sechakachengeteka, kudzika mavhiri nekukurumidza, asi chinobvisa chinodzivirira chekuchengetedza chakagadzirirwa nzvimbo yacho.

Pamberi: Maitiro ekare anonangana nedanho repamusoro. Mutyairi wendege anotarisa pakupfuura nhamba, obva adzika pasi penhandare yendege, achimhanya zvishoma nezvishoma. Kudonha kunoitika kupfuura nzvimbo yakananga ndege, zvichipedza daro rakakosha renhandare yendege uye zvichisiya mukana mudiki wekukanganisa pakuburitswa kwayo.

Mushure: Nzira chaiyo inotarisa zviratidzo zvenzvimbo yekunanga, izvo makona maviri machena akakora. Mutyairi wendege anobhururuka nenzira yakadzikama kuenda kuzviratidzo izvozvo, obata mukati mechikamu chekutanga chenzvimbo, uye ane nzvimbo yese yekumira. Uyu ndiwo mutsauko uripo pakati pekumhara kwakadzorwa nekwekumanikidza mabhureki kuita basa rese.

Kumira pedyo nenzvimbo yekusvika panhandare yendege kunoderedza kudzika kwezvipingamupinyi pakusvika uye kunowedzera njodzi yekufamba munzira yendege. Nzvimbo iyi iripo nechikonzero: ndiyo chete nzvimbo yekumira yendege ine vimbiso yekudzika kwezvipingamupinyi uye miganho yekumira zvakanaka. Gwaro reAOPA pamusoro penzvimbo dzekubata bhora zvinosimbisa pfungwa iyi. Kupotsa nzvimbo zvinoreva kubhururuka kunze kwemiganhu iyoyo.

Mutemo we70-50 weSarudzo dzeKumisa Nyika

Mutemo we70-50 inzira yekutenderera, kwete yekumhara. Unopindura mubvunzo mumwe chete: une nzira yakakwana yekumira yasara here? Vatyairi vendege vazhinji vanoidzidza kubva kumudzidzisi, kwete kubva mubhuku rekushandisa. Ndipo panoonekwa kukosha kwayo, mukutonga kwainomanikidza.

Tarisa nzvimbo yako padanho rekumhanya kwaunoswedera pedyo naro

Mutemo uyu unoda nzvimbo chaiyo yekutarisa. Kana chiratidzo chekumhanya kwemhepo chikaratidza kuti wadzikira kusvika pakumhanya kwako kwekupedzisira, tarisa runway yasara. Iyi ndiyo nguva yechokwadi. Nhamba iri pageji haitauri chinhu pasina kusimbiswa kwekuona kwekwauri pamusoro pemugwagwa.

Simbisa kuti une nzvimbo yekumhanyira ndege yasara

Chikamu chechipiri chemutemo ndechekuongorora nzvimbo. Kana uri kumhanya zvakanyanya asi hafu yenzira yekumhanyira ndege ichiri pamberi, masvomhu haashande. Simba rinodiwa kuti umire rinodarika daro riripo. Mukaha iwoyo ndipo panotangira nzendo dzekumhanyira ndege.

Ita bvunzo yekutenderera kana cheki ikakundikana

Iyi ndiyo chikamu chakaoma. Mutemo wacho haubatsiri kana mutyairi wendege akasateerera mhedzisiro. Kuongorora kwakundikana kunoreva kuti nzira yacho haigone kuponeswa. Kuyangarara kwenguva refu kana kubhureka zvakanyanya kunounza zvinhu zvinowedzera njodzi. Kutenderera ndiyo mhinduro chaiyo chete.

Nzwisisa kuti sei mutemo uyu uchishanda

Mutemo we70-50 unodzivirira pakumhara kwese kwese. Unomanikidza chisarudzo nekukurumidza kuti chiitwe, kwete kunonoka zvakakwana kuti utye. Vadzidzisi vane ruzivo vanodzidzisa nekuti unotsiva kufungidzira nekutarisa kunodzokororwa. Mutemo uyu hauonekwi muBhuku reRuzivo rweAeronautical. Izvozvo zvakanaka. Zvimwe zvezvishandiso zvakanakisa mundege zvinogara muruzivo rusina kunyorwa rwunopfuudzwa pakati pevatyairi vendege.

Kupedza kuongorora uku pane imwe neimwe nzira kunoita kuti munhu anzwe sekunge ari kukurumidza kana kuti ari pamusoro penzira. Mutemo uyu hauvimbisi kuti ndege ichamhara zvakanaka. Unovimbisa kuti hauzooni kuti nzira yekumhanya nayo yaive pfupi zvakanyanya.

Mutemo we51% weCrosswind Landings

Mutemo we51% hausi nzira yekumhara. Inzira yekutenderera, uye kuiona sechinhu chimwe chikanganiso chinobvisa vatyairi vendege munzvimbo yekubata ndege.

Heino mutemo uri nyore. Kana chikamu chemhepo chinoyambuka chikadarika 51% yesimba remhepo rinoonekwa nendege, usamhara. Kukosha kwemhepo inoyambuka imhepo ndiyo mhepo yepamusoro yakaedzwa nemugadziri panguva yekubvumidzwa. Haisi muganho wakaoma. Asi chiyero che51% ipfungwa yakaoma yekusarudza.

Mutemo uyu unovhiringika nekuti vatyairi vendege vanofunga kuti ndiwo unodzora mashandisirwo ezvinodzora kana mhepo yayambuka. Haudaro. Mutemo we70-50 unotarisa kureba kwenzira yekumhanya. Mutemo we51% unotarisa mhepo. Mumwe unotaura nezvekumira daro. Mumwe unotaura nezvekudzora divi. Anoshanda zvakasiyana, asi ese ari maviri anopindura mubvunzo mumwe chete: mhara iyi inofanira kuramba ichimhara here?

Mhepo ine simba inoparadza kurongeka kwenzvimbo yekubata pasi. Mhepo inosundira ndege kubva pakati. Mutyairi wendege anogadzirisa, anogadzirisa zvakanyanya, uye anodonha. Zviratidzo zvekunanga zvinotsvedza padivi pawindscreen. Kubata pasi kunoitika kuruboshwe rwepakati, kana kure, kana zvese zviri zviviri. Nzvimbo yacho haipo.

Mutemo we51% uripo wekudzivirira mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro usati watanga. Kana mhepo ikapfuura mwero, sarudzo yakangwara haisi yekusundidzira ndege pamugwagwa. Inofanira kutenderera ichimirira mamiriro ezvinhu anokutendera kuti usvike paunoda.

Mwenje yeRunway Touchdown Zone uye Zvavanokuudza

Vatyairi vendege vazhinji vanotsvaga gwara rekufamba netsoka kuti vaone nzvimbo yekubata ngarava. Chishandiso chaicho chakanyatsojeka chakavigwa mariri.

Mwenje yenzvimbo yekubata mugwagwa wemumugwagwa imwenje michena yakaiswa pamusoro penzira yekupinda nayo. Inotangira pedyo nepamusuwo wobva wamhanya uchienda kuchikamu chekutanga chenzira yekupinda nayo. Mwenje iyi iripo nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero: kuita kuti nzvimbo yacho ionekwe kana zviratidzo zvacho zvisiri.

Mwenje wepakati pemugwagwa unokutungamira pakati. Mwenje wepakati pemugwagwa unokuudza pekumhara. Musiyano wacho unonyanya kukosha husiku, mvura ichinaya, kana mhute ichidya mugumo wemugwagwa. Mwenje unopenya zvakadzikama, wakaparadzaniswa nguva nenguva, zvichigadzira mugero unokwezva nzvimbo yako yekunanga mberi munzvimbo yacho.

Haasi ese maroadway ane mwenje iyi. Maroadway ezvishandiso zvemagetsi chete ndiwo anowana mwenje yekubata-bata nzvimbo. Kuona nzira yekupinda muroadway isina kunyatsojeka zvinoreva kuvimba nezviratidzo chete. Ndipo panobva kuziva musiyano uripo pakati pemalighting systems kwava sarudzo yekuchengetedza, kwete nyaya isina basa.

Mwenje haichinje maitiro ekumhara. Inosimbisa izvozvo. Kana matanda machena akaonekwa pasi pemhino, nzvimbo yacho ndiyo chaiyo yainofanira kunge iri. Kana akasadaro, mubvunzo unobva wava wekuti yomhara here zvachose.

Maitiro Ekudzidzira Kumhara Munzvimbo

Kudzidzira kumhara munzvimbo iyi hunyanzvi hwemaune, kwete mhedzisiro yenguva yekubhururuka. Vatyairi vendege vazhinji vanodarika danho rekuzivisa ndege vobva vavimba nekunzwa, ndipo chaipo apo nzvimbo yacho inotadza kufambiswa.

Step 1. Rondedzera nzvimbo yekubata nhandare yendege kana mhepo yadzika uchishandisa dhayagiramu yendege. Izvi zvinomanikidza mufananidzo wepfungwa usati waonekwa panhandare yendege. Vatyairi vendege vanodarika danho iri vanowanzo fungidzira zvisizvo nzvimbo yacho pakupera kwemakwikwi.

Step 2. Sarudza nzvimbo chaiyo yakananga pamagumo, zviratidzo zvenzvimbo yakananga, kwete muganho. Muganho ndiwo kutanga kwenzira yekumhanya, kwete chinangwa. Kuvavarira zviratidzo kunoisa ndege munzvimbo isina kufungidzira.

Step 3. Bhururuka nenzira yakadzikama ine kumhanya kwemhepo, nzira yekutsvedza, uye mamiriro akagadzika ne 500 feet AGL. Nzira isina kugadzikana inovimbisa nzvimbo isina kufambiswa. Ndege inofanira kugara zvakanaka isati yasvika panzvimbo yekusarudza.

Step 4. Kurova pasi mukati mechikamu chekutanga chenzvimbo. Daro chairo harina basa pane kurova zviratidzo. Kurova pasi kupfuura panonangwa kunodya mukana wekumira.

Step 5. Enda uchitenderera kana ndege ikapfuura panzvimbo yakananga. Iri ndiro danho rakaoma nekuti rinoda kubvuma kuti nzira yacho yamira. Kufamba kwese kunopfuura nepazviratidzo hakufanirwe kuitika.

Kupedzisa maitiro aya kunoshandura nzira yacho kuita nhevedzano inodzokororwa. Nzvimbo yacho inova chinangwa, kwete tariro. kuverenga madhayagiramu enhandare yendege pasi panovaka muenzaniso wepfungwa unochengetedza kumhara mumhepo.

Ita Kuti Nzvimbo Yekumhanya Yekumhanya Ive Yemujaho Ive Yemujaho Wako

Nzvimbo yekudonhedza mugwagwa haisi nzvimbo yakapendwa. Inzvimbo yekuchengetedza yakavakirwa panzira yega yega yekumhanyira mugwagwa yaunomhara.

Kuitora sepfungwa pane kuitora sechinangwa kunobvisa nzvimbo yekumira uye daro rinovimbiswa nenzvimbo. Muganho iwoyo unonyangarika paunongopfuura zviratidzo zvenzvimbo yakananga kana kuti paunoyambuka nemhepo.

Izvi zvinoshandura zvaunoita pese paunosvika. Rondedzera nzvimbo yenzvimbo usati wadzika. Shandisa mutemo we70-50 kuti utarise nzvimbo yako. Shandisa mutemo we51% kana mhepo ikachinja. Sarudzo idzi nhatu dzinotsiva kufungidzira nehurongwa hunodzokororwa.

Unyanzvi hwakaoma zvikuru hakusi kunanga nzvimbo yacho. Kuziva nguva yekufamba nekuti wakarasikirwa nayo.

Ndege inotevera, tsanangura nzvimbo usati wabva pamhepo iri kudzika. Sarudza zviratidzo zvenzvimbo yakananga, kwete muganho. Bhururuka nenzira yakadzikama. Kana ukapfuura zviratidzo, tenderera. Ita kuti nzvimbo ive yako, kwete tariro yako.