ⓘ TL;DR
- Malo osasuntha ndi omwe ali ndi malo oimika magalimoto, ma aproni, ndi malo oimika magalimoto komwe magalimoto ndi ndege zimagwira ntchito popanda chilolezo cha ATC. Misewu yothamangiramo ndi misewu yodutsa magalimoto siiloledwa konse.
- Malirewo ali ndi mizere iwiri yachikasu, umodzi wolimba ndi wina wodulidwa. Kuwoloka kuchokera mbali yodulidwa kupita mbali yolimba popanda chilolezo cha ATC ndi kulowerera kwa msewu wothamanga, si cholakwika chaching'ono.
- Ogwira ntchito pa eyapoti, osati ATC, ndi omwe amalamulira malo osasuntha. Kudziwa amene akupereka chilolezo chosuntha kumatsimikizira ngati ntchito ya pansi ndi yotetezeka kapena yosaloledwa.
- Woyendetsa aliyense amene ali pa ramp amafunika chilolezo choyendetsa galimoto pamalo osasuntha asanayendetse galimoto iliyonse pabwalo la ndege popanda kuyang'aniridwa.
- Malire a liwiro, malamulo oletsa kukwera kwa ndege, ndi zoletsa zoletsa kukwera kwa ndege pa apron zilipo pa chifukwa chimodzi: ndege nthawi zonse zimakhala zofunika kwambiri kuposa magalimoto.
M'ndandanda wazopezekamo
Zochitika zapansi pabwalo la ndege sizimayamba kawirikawiri m'misewu yothamangira ndege. Zimayambira m'malo omwe aliyense amaganiza kuti ndi otetezeka, m'malo otsetsereka ndi m'maepuloni komwe ndege zimayimika, zimanyamula, komanso zimatsitsa katundu.
Malo osayenda ndi komwe ntchito zambiri za tsiku ndi tsiku za pa eyapoti zimachitikira. Ndipo ndi komwe malire pakati pa chitetezo ndi chitetezo amasokonekera. Alangizi ambiri amaona izi ngati tanthauzo losavuta loti mukumbukire poyesa. Zimenezo sizikutanthauza mfundo yonse.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza malo osayenda, ikufotokoza zizindikiro zomwe zimawasiyanitsa ndi misewu yothamanga ya taxi ndi misewu yothamanga, komanso ikufotokoza malamulo oyendetsa galimoto ndi zofunikira zomwe zimateteza aliyense pabwalo la ndege kuti asavulale. Kumvetsetsa malire awa si nkhani yamaphunziro. Ndi kusiyana pakati pa tsiku lachizolowezi ndi kuukira kwa msewu wothamanga.
Malire Omwe Amasunga Ndege Zotetezeka
Malo Osasuntha ndi gawo la bwalo la ndege komwe ndege, magalimoto, ndi oyenda pansi amagwira ntchito popanda chilolezo chowongolera magalimoto amlengalengaIzi zikuphatikizapo malo oimika magalimoto, ma aproni, ndi malo oimika magalimoto komwe ogwira ntchito pansi amayendetsa ndege ndi katundu wonyamula katundu, madera omwe nsanjayo ilibe mphamvu pa kayendedwe.
Chisokonezo chimayamba chifukwa malire pakati pa dera lino ndi malo oyendera sawoneka kwa munthu wosaphunzitsidwa. Dalaivala amene amaona bwalo lonse la ndege ngati malo amodzi otseguka ndi dalaivala amene amagubuduzika pa msewu wa taxi popanda chilolezo. Umu ndi momwe ngozi zapadziko lapansi zimakhalira kuukira msewu wa ndege.
The malire a malo oyendera Kumafotokozedwa ndi zizindikiro zapadera zojambulidwa, mizere iwiri yachikasu, umodzi wolimba ndi umodzi wodulidwa, zomwe zimauza oyendetsa ndege ndi oyendetsa ndege komwe kuwongolera kumasunthira kuchokera kwa woyendetsa bwalo la ndege kupita ku ATC. Kuwoloka mzere wodulidwawo popanda chilolezo si vuto laling'ono lolemba. Ndi kuphwanya malamulo achitetezo komwe kumaletsa ntchito.
Kudziwa kusiyana kumeneku kumasintha momwe munthu aliyense pabwalo la ndege amayendera. Wothandizira woyendetsa ndege amene amamvetsetsa malire saganiza kuti akhoza kuyendetsa galimoto kulikonse. Amayima pamzere, kutsimikizira malo awo, ndikupitirizabe pokhapokha ngati malamulo alola. Chizolowezi chimenecho chimaletsa ngozi zambiri zapamtunda.
Ndani Amalamulira Malo Osasuntha?
Lingaliro loopsa kwambiri pa bwalo la ndege ndi lakuti kayendetsedwe ka ndege kamayang'anira inchi iliyonse ya msewu. Sizili choncho. Malo osayenda ali pansi pa ulamuliro wa woyang'anira bwalo la ndege, osati ATC. Kusiyana kumeneku si nkhani ya boma, kumatsimikiza amene amakupatsani chilolezo choti musamuke komanso zomwe zimachitika mukakhala kuti mulibe.
Kwa oyendetsa ndege omwe akuyenda pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pa msewu wonyamulira ndege, kusinthaku kumachitika nthawi yomweyo komanso mosalekeza. Kuwoloka malire a malo osayenda kumatanthauza kusiya ATC ikulamulira mwachindunji. Woyendetsa bwalo la ndege amakhazikitsa malamulo pa ramp ndi apron. Ogwira ntchito pansi ndi oyendetsa magalimoto amakanena ku dipatimenti yogwira ntchito ku bwalo la ndege, osati ku nsanja. ATC sangakulole kuti musunthe m'derali chifukwa salikulamulira.
Izi zimapangitsa kuti aliyense amene ali pansi agwire ntchito moyenera. Woyendetsa galimoto amene ali pa malo oimika magalimoto ayenera kutsatira malangizo a pa eyapoti ndikupeza chilolezo choyendetsa galimoto kuchokera kwa akuluakulu a eyapoti. Woyendetsa ndege amene akukankhira kumbuyo kuchokera pachipata ayenera kugwirizana ndi ogwira ntchito pansi, osati nsanja. kugawanika kwa ulamuliro zikutanthauza kuti njira zolumikizirana zimasintha mukangodutsa malire amenewo.
Zotsatira zake n'zosavuta. Ngati muli pamalo osayenda ndipo muyenera kusuntha, simuyimba nsanja. Muyimba woyang'anira pansi pa eyapoti kapena kutsatira njira zakomweko. Chosokoneza unyolo wa malamulo ndi momwe magalimoto amafikira pamisewu ya taxi popanda chilolezo.
Zizindikiro Zosiyanitsa Kusuntha ndi Kusasuntha
Lingaliro loopsa kwambiri pa bwalo la ndege ndi lakuti mzere wojambulidwa ndi lingaliro chabe. Malire a malo osayenda, mizere iwiri yachikasu, umodzi wolimba ndi wina wodulidwa, ndi chotchinga chalamulo komanso chogwira ntchito chomwe oyendetsa ndege ndi oyendetsa amanyalanyaza pa chiopsezo chawo.
Mzere wachikasu wolimba uli kumbali ya malo oyendera. Mzere wachikasu wokhala ndi mzere uli kumbali ya malo osayendera. Mukayandikira kuchokera pa ramp, mzere wokhala ndi mzere ndi womwe dalaivala amawoloka poyamba. Kuwoloka kuchokera kumbali yolumikizidwa kupita kumbali yolimba kumatanthauza kulowa m'dera lolamulidwa ndi ATC popanda chilolezo. Nthawi imeneyo ngozi ya pansi imakhala kuukira kwa msewu.
Zizindikiro izi zafotokozedwa mu Buku Lophunzitsira za Ndege la FAA, komabe zipangizo zambiri zophunzitsira zimaziona ngati mawu apansi panthaka. Zotsatira za kusayang'anira kumeneko zimayesedwa m'malipoti omwe atsala pang'ono kuphonya. Dalaivala wa galimoto yamafuta amene amakumbukira kapangidwe ka msewu koma osadziwa tanthauzo la mizere iwiri yachikasu ndi udindo wotetezeka akuyembekezera nthawi yosokoneza.
Chizindikiro cha malire sichisintha pakati pa ma eyapoti. Kapangidwe kofananako kolimba ndi kogawanika kamawonekera pa malo onse okwera ku United States. Mfundo yake ndi iyi. Woyendetsa ndege akafika pa eyapoti yosazolowereka angadalire chizindikirocho kuti adziwe komwe ulamuliro wa ATC umayambira. Dalaivala amene amachita zinthu mofanana ndi mzere uliwonse wachikasu sangatero.
Kudziwa kusiyana pakati pa chinthu cholimba ndi chosweka si funso loyesa. Ndi mzere pakati pa ntchito yanthawi zonse pansi ndi kuyitana ku nsanja yomwe palibe amene akufuna.
Malamulo Oyendetsera Galimoto M'dera Losasuntha
Malamulo oyendetsera kayendetsedwe ka magalimoto m'malo osayenda si malingaliro, ndi mzere womaliza wodzitetezera ngozi yapansi isanakhale kuukira kwa msewu wonyamukira ndege. Dalaivala aliyense amene ali pa ramp ayenera kutsatira malamulo awa chifukwa zotsatira za cholakwika zimayesedwa pa kuwonongeka kwa ndege ndi chitetezo cha anthu.
- Malire a liwiro la 15 mph pa ramps
- Liwiro la 5 mph pafupi ndi zipata ndi ndege
- Perekani ufulu wolowera ndege zonse ndi magalimoto adzidzidzi
- Palibe kuyimitsa kapena kuyimitsa galimoto mkati mwa mamita 25 kuchokera ku ndege
- Musayendetse galimoto mutagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
- Kufunika kwa chilolezo chovomerezeka choyendetsa galimoto pa eyapoti
- Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi nthawi zonse, usana kapena usiku
- Simungagwiritse ntchito mafoni poyendetsa galimoto
Malamulo awa ndi ofanana ndi mfundo imodzi: ndege nthawi zonse imakhala ndi cholinga choyamba. Malire a liwiro ndi ochepa chifukwa nthawi yochitirapo kanthu ndiyofunika kwambiri ngati nsonga ya phiko kapena injini ili pafupi ndi galimoto yanu. Lamulo losayima lilipo chifukwa galimoto yoyima imakhala chopinga chomwe oyendetsa ndege ndi ogwira ntchito pansi sayembekezera.
Onaninso Buku lophunzitsira malo osasuntha a Pensacola Kuti mudziwe mawu enieni omwe bwalo lanu la ndege liyenera kutsatira. Kenako yendani pa mtunda ndi woyang'anira musanayendetse nokha. Malamulo ndi osavuta. Zovuta sizili choncho.
Zimene Chilolezo Chosayendetsa Chimafunikira
Kupeza chilolezo chopanda kuyenda ndi njira ya magawo anayi yomwe ogwira ntchito ambiri pa eyapoti amathamangiramo osamvetsetsa zomwe zili pachiwopsezo. Chivomerezochi chilipo kuti chitsimikizire kuti mutha kuyendetsa galimoto popanda kuwononga ndege, ogwira ntchito pansi, komanso inu nokha. Kudumpha kumvetsetsa kwa sitepe iliyonse ndi momwe oyendetsa amadutsa malire popanda chilolezo.
Khwerero 1. Malizitsani pulogalamu yophunzitsira yovomerezeka ya bwalo la ndege, yomwe imafotokoza momwe bwalo lanu la ndege lilili, komwe kuli malire onse a malo osasuntha, ndi malamulo oti ndege zigwirizane ndi ndege. Mabwalo ambiri a ndege amapereka maphunzirowa kudzera mu dipatimenti yawo yogwirira ntchito kapena gawo la pa intaneti kutengera kuyendetsa ndege Buku lophunzitsira. Musaganize kuti maphunziro pa eyapoti imodzi amasamutsidwira ku ina, bwalo lililonse la ndege lili ndi malo apadera komanso madera ochepa.
Khwerero 2. Pambani mayeso olembedwa omwe amayesa chidziwitso chanu cha zizindikiro za malo osayenda, malire a liwiro, ndi njira zolumikizirana ndi woyendetsa bwalo la ndege. Mayesowa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mafunso okhudzana ndi zomwe mungachite ndege ikabwerera kuchokera pachipata kapena mukakumana ndi mzere wolimba komanso wosweka. Kulephera mayesowa kumatanthauza kuti simungathe kupitiliza ndi kuwunika kothandiza.
Khwerero 3. Onetsani luso loyendetsa galimoto m'malo osayenda pansi pa kuyang'aniridwa ndi mphunzitsi wovomerezeka kapena ogwira ntchito pa eyapoti. Kuwunikaku kumayang'ana ngati mungathe kuyenda panjira yopanda kuyima m'malo oletsedwa, kugonja bwino ku ndege, ndikusunga liwiro loyenera pafupi ndi zipata ndi malo operekera mafuta. Wophunzitsa adzayang'ana ngati pali kukayikira kapena kudzidalira kwambiri, zonsezi ndi zizindikiro zosayenera.
Khwerero 4. Landirani baji yanu yoyendetsera galimoto kapena chiphaso choperekedwa ku eyapoti, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chovomerezeka kwa nthawi yoikika musanafunike kukonzanso. Bajiyo iyenera kuwonetsedwa poyera mukayendetsa galimoto iliyonse pabwalo la ndege. Popanda iyo, simuloledwa kuyendetsa galimoto kulikonse mkati mwa malo osayenda.
Kumaliza njirayi kumatsegula luso loyenda momasuka komanso mosamala pa epuloni popanda kufunikira kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse. Chofunika kwambiri, kumamanga kukumbukira kwa minofu komwe kumafunika kuti kuyime pamalire oyenera nthawi zonse.
Chisokonezo Chofala: Malo Osasuntha vs. Malo Osasuntha
Lingaliro loopsa kwambiri pa bwalo la ndege ndi lakuti epuloni ndi malo oti aliyense azitha kuyenda popanda choletsa. Dalaivala akamaliza kupereka chakudya amaona njira yotseguka kudutsa pa mpanda ndikuyitenga, osayang'ana ngati njirayo ikudutsa malire kupita kumalo oyendera.
Woyendetsa takisi akupita ku chipata ndipo akupitilizabe kudutsa mzere wachikasu wolimba, poganiza kuti malamulo omwewo amagwira ntchito kulikonse. Nthawi izi za ufulu wongoganiziridwa ndi pomwe kulowa kosaloledwa m'misewu ya takisi ndi misewu yothamangiramo kumayambira.
Pamaso: Dalaivala kapena woyendetsa ndege amaona epuloni yonse ngati malo amodzi komwe kuyenda kumaloledwa popanda chilolezo. Amaona ndege zitayimitsidwa, magalimoto akuyenda, ndipo amaganiza kuti mfundo yomweyo imagwiranso ntchito kulikonse. Zotsatira zake zimakhala galimoto ikuwoloka kupita kumalo oyendera popanda kuyimba kwa wailesi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusamvana pakati pa magalimoto omwe akubwera kapena akuchoka.
Pambuyo pake: Dalaivala aliyense ndi woyendetsa ndege amamvetsetsa kuti malo osayenda amathera pa malire. Kuwoloka mzere wachikasu wolimba komanso wochepa kumafuna chilolezo chodziwikiratu cha ATC, ngakhale pagalimoto yosankhidwa ya pa eyapoti. Zotsatira zake zimakhala bwalo la ndege lolamulidwa bwino komwe kuyenda kulikonse kudutsa malire kumayendetsedwa bwino, ndipo chiopsezo cha kuukira kwa msewu wonyamukira ndege chimachepa kwambiri.
Kusokonezeka sikutanthauza kudziwa tanthauzo lake. Koma ndikutanthauza kuti zizindikiro za malire si malingaliro, koma ndi mzere pakati pa malo olamulidwa ndi osalamulirika.
Madera Osaphatikizidwa ku Malo Osasuntha
Lingaliro loopsa kwambiri lomwe wogwira ntchito pabwalo la ndege angaganize ndi lakuti malo osayenda amaphimba chilichonse mkati mwa malo ogwirira ntchito pa bwalo la ndege. Misewu yoyendera ndege, misewu yoyendera magalimoto, ndi malo ena otetezera ali kunja kwa malire ake, ndipo chisokonezo cha madera amenewo ndi momwe magalimoto apansi amafikira pomwe sayenera kukhala.
Chipata kapena epuloni ndi malo osayenda. Msewu wa taxi siwosiyana. Kusiyanaku ndi kotheratu ndipo kumatanthauzidwa ndi ulamuliro wa ATC, osati ndi mtundu wa msewu kapena kuyandikira kwa malo oimikapo magalimoto. Dalaivala aliyense amene amagwira ntchito pabwalo la ndege ayenera kudziwa kuti nthawi yomwe mawilo adutsa kuchokera pa epuloni kupita pa msewu wa taxi, malamulo oyendetsera galimoto amasintha kwathunthu.
The Tanthauzo la malo osasuntha Kuchokera ku magwero azamalamulo, malire awa amafotokoza momveka bwino: amaphimba malo otsetsereka, ma aproni, ndi misewu ina yamkati mkati mwa AOA, koma amachotsamo momveka bwino malo aliwonse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa ndege, kunyamuka ndikufikaMalo otetezeka omwe ali pafupi ndi malo othamangirako ndege nawonso saloledwa chifukwa ndi malo otetezedwa komwe magalimoto sayenera kukhala popanda chilolezo cha ATC mwachindunji.
Kupatula kumeneku si nkhani yaukadaulo. Ndi malire pakati pa ntchito yanthawi zonse ya pansi ndi ngozi yomwe ingadziwike. Woyendetsa ngolo yonyamula katundu amene amaona bwalo lonse la ndege ngati malo amodzi pamapeto pake adzadutsa mzerewo mosadziwa.
Dziwani Malo Osasuntha Kuti Mukhale Otetezeka
Wogwira ntchito aliyense pa eyapoti tsopano akuona malo osayenda monga momwe alili: malire achitetezo omwe amafuna ulemu, osati malo oyenda momasuka. Kusiyana pakati pa malo olamulidwa ndi osalamulirika ndi kusiyana pakati pa kusintha kwachizolowezi ndi kafukufuku wokhudza kulowa kwa ndege pamsewu.
Kuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndi kumvetsetsa kumeneku kumasintha zisankho za tsiku ndi tsiku. Dalaivala amene akuzengereza pa mzere wachikasu wolimba komanso wosweka m'malo modutsa popanda kuganiza bwino amapewa zochitika zenizeni zomwe zingachititse ngozi zapamtunda. Kuzengereza kumeneko si kusamala, koma luso.
Unikaninso zida zophunzitsira za eyapoti yanu sabata ino. Yendani m'malire a malo anu oimikapo magalimoto. Chitani mzere uliwonse ngati malo oimikapo magalimoto mpaka mutapeza malo oti mudutse. Lamuloli ndi losavuta. Mtengo wonyalanyaza si wofanana.
Mafunso Omwe Amafunsidwa Kawirikawiri Okhudza Malo Osayendera Bwalo la Ndege
Kodi gawo losasuntha likulimbikitsa kuvomerezedwa ndi chiyani?
Chilolezo choyendetsa galimoto m'dera losayenda ndi chilolezo chovomerezeka chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti dalaivala wamaliza maphunziro apadera a pa eyapoti okhudza malamulo a chitetezo cha panjira ndi pa apron. Chilolezochi nthawi zambiri chimasindikizidwa pa baji ya dalaivala pa eyapoti ndipo chiyenera kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kudzera mu maphunziro obwerezabwereza.
Ndi dera liti lomwe silikuphatikizidwa m'dera losasuntha?
Misewu yoyendera ndege, misewu yoyendera matakisi, ndi malo ena otetezedwa omwe ali nawo sali m'malo oti anthu aziyendamo. Izi ndi mbali ya malo oyendera magalimoto komwe magalimoto onse ndi ndege zimafunika chilolezo kuchokera kwa oyang'anira magalimoto a ndege.
N’chifukwa chiyani chizindikiro cha malire chimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya mizere?
Mizere iwiri yachikasu, umodzi wolimba ndi wina wodulidwa, imapanga malangizo owoneka bwino omwe amauza oyendetsa ndi oyendetsa ndege mbali yomwe ikufunika chilolezo cha ATC. Mzere wolimba umayang'ana malo osasuntha, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kuyenda kudutsa mbali yodulidwa kumafuna kuyimba kwa wailesi kuti aloledwe.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati galimoto yalowa m'malo oyendera popanda chilolezo?
Kuwoloka malire popanda chilolezo kumabweretsa chiopsezo cholowera mu msewu wa ndege nthawi yomweyo chomwe chingaimitse ntchito zonse za pabwalo la ndege. Dalaivala akhoza kuimbidwa mlandu wa satifiketi, chindapusa, ndi kuchotsedwa ufulu wake woyendetsa pabwalo la ndege.
