Kodi Malo Othamangitsidwa Amatanthauza Chiyani pa Kuyenda Kwanu?

Njira yonyamulira ndege patsogolo ikuwoneka yayifupi kuposa momwe iyenera kukhalira. Muli pafupi kufika, mwakonzeka kuti mufike, ndipo zizindikiro za malire zili kutali ndi msewu kuposa chiyambi chenicheni cha msewu. Zimene mukuwona ndi malire osunthika, ndipo mtunda pakati pa komwe msewu umayambira ndi komwe mukuloledwa kutera si msewu wokongoletsera. Ndi chitetezo chomwe chimasintha mawerengedwe onse a magwiridwe antchito omwe mudapanga mukukonzekera ulendo wanu musanakwere.

Oyendetsa ndege ambiri amaphunzira tanthauzo la malire osunthika panthawi ya sukulu yapansi ndipo samabwerezanso mpaka atawona mivi yoyerayo ikufika panjira yeniyeni. Cholakwika ndikuwona ngati chizindikiro m'malo moletsa ntchito. Malire osunthika samangosuntha pomwe mwafika. Amachepetsa mtunda womwe ulipo, amasintha njira zanu zoyendera, ndipo amatha kusintha njira yachizolowezi kukhala vuto la magwiridwe antchito ngati munyalanyaza zomwe zizindikirozo zikutanthauza.

Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsani momwe mungadziwire malire osunthika kuchokera ku cockpit, kumvetsetsa zomwe mungachite ndi zomwe simungachite pa gawo limenelo la msewu wonyamulira ndege, ndikusintha mapulani anu otera ndi kunyamuka moyenera. Mudzaphunzira chifukwa chake malire amenewa alipo, momwe amakhudzira malire a magwiridwe antchito a ndege yanu, ndi zomwe zimachitika oyendetsa ndege akalakwitsa. Pamapeto pake, mudzaona malire aliwonse osunthika ngati mfundo yoti musankhe, osati chidwi.

Chifukwa Chake Misewu Yapamwamba Ili ndi Malo Othawirako

Lingaliro lodziwika bwino lakuti msewu wonyamukira ndege umayambira pomwe msewu umayambira ndi lolakwika nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe oyendetsa ndege ambiri amaganizira. Mzere wosasunthika ulipo chifukwa chakuti mapazi mazana angapo oyamba a msewu wonyamukira ndege siwotetezeka kutera, ndipo zifukwa zake sizimakhala za msewu wonyamukira ndege wokha.

Cholepheretsa chachikulu ndicho choyendetsa ndege. Mitengo, nyumba, kapena malo omwe ali pafupi ndi mapeto a msewu amapanga njira yotsetsereka yomwe ingapangitse ndege kukhala pansi kwambiri pamwamba pa zopinga ngati itafika kumayambiriro kwa msewu. Mwa kusuntha malirewo pansi pa msewu wolowera, ngodya yolowerayo imakwera mokwanira kuti ichotse zopingazo. Kwa anthu okhala pafupi ndi bwalo la ndege, malire osunthika amatanthauza kuti ndege zimakhala pamwamba kwambiri panthawi yomaliza, zomwe zimachepetsa phokoso m'malo okhala anthu.

Zoletsa za kapangidwe ka ndege zimakakamizanso anthu kusamuka. Zigawo zofooka za msewu, malo olowera magalimoto akuluakulu, kapena malo omwe ali ndi ngalande zosagwira bwino ntchito sizingathandize ndege zambiri zomwe zimafika pansi. Gawo lomwe lasamuka limagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa magalimoto akuluakulu komanso kukwera, koma malo olowera pansi amasamuka kupita ku msewu woyenda bwino womwe uli pafupi ndi msewu wonyamulira ndege.

Izi si zizindikiro zosafunikira. Mzere uliwonse wosunthika ulipo chifukwa cha uinjiniya kapena choletsa cha ntchito chomwe chinapangitsa gawo loyamba la msewu kukhala losayenera kutera. Florida Flyers Flight Academy imaphunzitsa oyendetsa ndege kuti azindikire izi panthawi ya kukonzekera ndege isananyamuke, chifukwa chifukwa chake chimatsimikizira momwe woyendetsa ndege ayenera kuchitira ndi choletsacho moyenera.

Mzere wosunthika womwe umabwera chifukwa cha zopinga umafuna kuwerengera kosiyana ndi komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kufooka kwa msewu. Woyendetsa ndege amene akumvetsa chifukwa chake mzerewo unasuntha ndi woyendetsa ndege amene amafika bwino mkati mwa mtunda womwe ulipo.

Momwe Mungadziwire Malo Othamangitsidwa Panjira

Oyendetsa ndege ambiri amaona mzere woyera ndi mivi ndipo amaganiza kuti akumvetsa choletsacho. Chiwopsezo chenicheni ndikuwona malire osunthika ngati poyambira panjira yanthawi zonse, zizindikirozo zimanena nkhani yosiyana yokhudza zomwe pamwamba pake pangathe ndi zomwe sizingathe kuthandizira. Zizindikiro ndi zothandizira zolembera msewu wa ndege kusiyana pakati pa kutera motetezeka ndi kuphwanya malamulo okhudza ntchito.

Khwerero 1. Yang'anani mzere woyera wolowera m'lifupi mwa msewu wonse pamalo otsetsereka. Mzere woyera wolimba uwu umasonyeza komwe malo oti akwerere amayambira. Chilichonse chisanafike nthawi yoti chigwere pansi ndi choletsedwa.

Khwerero 2. Dziwani mivi yachikasu yojambulidwa pa gawo losamutsidwa lomwe likuloza ku mzere wolowera. Mivi iyi imasonyeza kuti pamwamba pake pali malo oti munyamuke ndi taxi koma osati potera. Njira ya muvi imakuuzani njira yomwe gawo losamutsidwalo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Khwerero 3. Onetsetsani kuti palibe mizere yolowera pagawo losamuka. Mizere yolowera panjira ya msewu ili ndi mizere yoyera, isanu ndi itatu mbali iliyonse ya msewu wolowera panjira ya msewu wokhazikika. Ngati mizere imeneyo ikusowa ndipo mukuona mivi m'malo mwake, mzerewo wasunthidwa.

Khwerero 4. Tsimikizirani mtunda wa malire osunthika pa pulati yanu yolowera kapena chithunzi cha eyapoti. FAA ikunena kuti malire osunthika amachepetsa kutalika kwa msewu wolowera ndege womwe ulipo kuti ufike. Nambala imeneyo ndi mtunda womwe ulipo, osati kutalika konse kwa msewu wolowera ndege.

Khwerero 5. Yang'anani zizindikirozo motsatira magetsi a pa eyapoti. Magetsi a m'mphepete mwa msewu wopita ku msewu omwe achotsedwa akhoza kukhala abuluu (taxiway) m'malo mwa oyera (runway). Chizindikiro ichi chimatsimikizira kuti pamwamba pa msewu si malo oti mufike.

Kumaliza kusanthula kwa magawo asanu kumeneku musanayambe njira iliyonse kumasintha tsatanetsatane wa chizindikiro kukhala chisankho chachitetezo. Woyendetsa ndege amene amapeza malire osunthika amakonza msanga kuwerengera mtunda womwe akufika asanayambe kuphulika.

Zimene Mungathe Kuchita ndi Zimene Simungathe Kuchita Pakhomo Losakhazikika

Malamulo okhudza malire osunthidwa si malingaliro. Ndi malire olamulira omwe amafotokoza komwe msewu woti ugwire ntchito umayambira ndi kutha pa ntchito iliyonse. Kuwalakwitsa kumatanthauza kutera pa msewu womwe sunatsimikizidwe kuti uli ndi mphamvu zogundana ndi malo otsetsereka.

Chikalata chochokera ku FAA ndi cholondola: malire omwe ali pamalo ena pa msewu wonyamulira ndege kupatula poyambira pomwe pali chizindikiro. Gawo lomwe lili kumbuyo kwake likupezeka kuti linyamuke mbali zonse ziwiri komanso kuti lifike mbali ina. Imeneyo ndiye mfundo yonse yalamulo yomwe ili mu chiganizo chimodzi.

Kusiyana kwakukulu kuli pakati pa kutera ndi kutsika. Simungathe kufika pa gawo lomwe lasamutsidwa. Koma ngati mutatsika mbali ina kuchokera mbali ina, mumaloledwa kudutsamo kuti mutuluke mumsewu wothamangiramo. Apa si malo otuwa, ndi mzere wolimba womwe umakokedwa ndi msewu.

Kumbukirani tebulo ili musananyamuke ulendo wanu wotsatira. Kusiyana pakati pa kutsika bwino ndi kuphwanya malamulo ndikudziwa komwe mukutsika komanso ngati msewu womwe uli patsogolo uli ndi mawilo anu pa liwiro lotsika.

Momwe Malo Othamangitsidwa Amakhudzira Kutali Kwanu Kofikira

Kutalika kwa msewu wolowera ndege pa tchati si kutalika kwa msewu wolowera ndege komwe mungatsike. Kusiyana kumeneko ndi komwe oyendetsa ndege ambiri amalakwitsa koyamba ndi malire osunthika, amakonzekera magwiridwe antchito motsutsana ndi mtunda wonse wapansi m'malo mwa mtunda wofikira womwe ulipo, kapena LDA.

Mzere wosunthika ndi mzere womwe uli pamalo ena pa msewu wonyamulirako ndege kupatulapo poyambira pomwe msewuwo unasankhidwa. Msewu womwe uli kumbuyo kwake ndi wabwino ndipo ungagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino ponyamuka, koma mwalamulo komanso mogwira ntchito sungagwiritsidwe ntchito potera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuwerengera mtunda wanu kuyenera kuyambira pa mzere wosunthika, osati poyambira phula.

Pa malo otsetsereka afupiafupi, kusiyana kumeneku kungakhale malire pakati pa kuyima bwino ndi kuthamanga kuchokera kumapeto. Malo otsetsereka a ndege a mamita 6,000 okhala ndi malo otsetsereka a mamita 1,000 amakupatsani mtunda wa mamita 5,000 okha. Konzani mtunda wonse wa mamita 6,000 ndipo mwalephera kale kukonzekera kwanu musananyamuke. Ichi ndichifukwa chake oyendetsa ndege ku Florida Flyers Flight Academy amachita kuwerengera LDA panthawiyi. maphunziro oyendetsa ndege, chizolowezi choyang'ana malire osunthika motsutsana ndi mtunda wolembedwa chimayamba chokha musanagwiritse ntchito njira iliyonse.

Zotsatira za kunyalanyaza izi si zamaganizo. Woyendetsa ndege aliyense amene amachita chitetezo cha ndege zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha ngati mungasankhe, ndiye kuti kuwerengera kolakwika kulibe chifukwa cha kukwera kwambiri kwa ndege. Nambala ya LDA ndiyo yokhayo yofunika potera. Mbali ina yonse ya msewu wonyamukira ndege ndi malo okongola.

Kukonzekera Kunyamuka Pamene Malo Olowera Achotsedwa

Gawo losamutsidwa la bwalo la ndege likupezeka kuti linyamuke mbali zonse ziwiri, koma kupezeka kwake kumabwera ndi msampha. Oyendetsa ndege nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti kutalika konse kwa bwalo la ndege kungagwiritsidwe ntchito powerengera momwe ndegeyo ikuyendera, ndipo lingaliro limenelo lingayambitse kusowa kwa ntchito pamene zopinga zomwe zili kumapeto kwa bwalo la ndege ndizo zimalepheretsa.

Mtunda wonyamuka womwe ulipo (TODA) ukhoza kukhala waufupi kuposa momwe msewu wa ndege umaonekera, makamaka pamene zopinga zomwe zili kunja kwa msewu zikulepheretsa kukwera. Kuwerengera kulemera ndi kuwerengera bwino kuyenera kuwerengera TODA yeniyeni, osati kutalika kwa msewu. Kugwiritsa ntchito tchati cholakwika cha magwiridwe antchito kapena kudumpha gawo lochotsera zopinga kumapangitsa kuti ulendo wanthawi zonse ukhale woopsa.

• Gawo lotayidwa lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ponyamula mbali zonse ziwiri
• TODA ikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi zopinga zomwe sizingachoke kumapeto kwa ulendo
• Kulemera ndi kulinganiza ziyenera kuwonetsa TODA yeniyeni, osati kutalika kwa msewu wolowera ndege
• Kukwera kwa malo otsetsereka kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa
• Ma chart a magwiridwe antchito ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito LDA yoyenera kuti apite komwe akupita
• LDA yofalitsidwa siingaphatikizepo malire osunthika kuti apite mbali ina
• Onani chithunzi cha eyapoti motsatira mtunda womwe walembedwa musanayambe taxi

The PPRuNe Kukambirana kwa LDA komwe kulibe anthu ambiri Zikuwonetsa kusasinthasintha koopsa: deta ina ya msewu wonyamulira ndege imaphatikizapo malire osunthika mu LDA kumbali ina, ndipo ina siili. Ngakhale mainjiniya omwe adamanga msewu wonyamulira ndegewu sangakumbukire nthawi zonse kuti ndi msewu uti wonyamulira ndege womwe umatsatira mwambo uti.

Tsimikizirani LDA yofalitsidwa kuti mudziwe komwe mukupita potengera chithunzi cha eyapoti nthawi iliyonse. Chitani ngati chizindikiro chofiira ndipo werenganinso momwe zinthu zilili pogwiritsa ntchito mtunda waufupi. Woyendetsa ndege amene amakhulupirira tchati popanda kuyang'ana mozungulira ndi woyendetsa ndege amene sanapezebe njira yonyamulira ndege yomwe manambala ake sakugwirizana ndi msewu.

Chimachitika ndi Chiyani Mukanyalanyaza Zizindikiro?

Ndege ya Cessna 172 inafika pa malo othawirako a bwalo la ndege la LaGuardia Airport ndipo inagundana ndi galimoto yozimitsa moto yomwe inkachita zodzitetezera. Woyendetsa ndegeyo anaona malo othawirako ndege patsogolo pake ndipo anaganiza kuti ndi msewu wosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuganiza kumeneko kunatsala pang'ono kupha anthu omwe anali pansi.

Pamaso: Woyendetsa ndegeyo anagwiritsa ntchito malo onse okonzedwa ngati malo oti atera. Zizindikiro zolowera, mzere woyera, ndi mivi yolozera ku bwalo la ndege, zinali zooneka koma sizinali zoyenera. Ndegeyo inafika pa msewu womwe unali woletsedwa ndi kapangidwe kake komanso ntchito zake. Kugundana kumeneku kunali kosapeweka nthawi yomwe mawilo anagunda gawo limenelo.

Pambuyo pake: Njira yolondola imaona malire osunthika ngati khoma lolimba loti afikire. Musagwere pa gawo losunthika. Werengani mtunda wofikira pogwiritsa ntchito LDA yokha, yomwe imayambira pa mzere woyera. Iyi ndi kufotokozera momveka bwino chifukwa chake zizindikirozo zilipo komanso chifukwa chake kuzinyalanyaza si chilango, ndi kuphwanya kapangidwe ka msewu wonyamulira ndege.

Ngoziyi sinathe ndi tsoka, koma ndi chikumbutso chodziwikiratu kuti msewu womwe mukuwona si nthawi zonse womwe mungagwiritse ntchito. Zizindikiro zake ndi zomwe zimayimira pakati pa malo otetezeka ndi ngozi.

Kodi Jet Yaikulu Ingakwere Pamsewu Waufupi Wokhala ndi Malo Othawirako?

Funsoli likumveka ngati lachikale mpaka mutayang'ana msewu wothamanga womwe umawoneka wautali mokwanira pa tchati koma uli ndi malire osunthika omwe akukulepheretsani kufika pa mtunda wanu. Ndege yolemera singakwere pa msewu waufupi wokhala ndi malire osunthika chifukwa mtunda womwe ulipo umachepa kuposa momwe ndegeyo imagwirira ntchito poyesa kulemera ndi liwiro la nthawi zonse.

Fizikiki siikhululuka. Ndege yayikulu imafunika kutalika kwina kwa msewu kuti iyime pa liwiro lake lolowera, ndipo kuwerengera kumeneko kumatanthauza kuti msewu wonsewo ungagwiritsidwe ntchito poyatsira ndi kufalikira. Mzere wosunthika umachotsa gawo loyamba la msewu kuchokera mu equation imeneyo, zomwe zimakakamiza woyendetsa ndegeyo kuti agwere mozama mu msewu ndikuchepetsa mtunda woyima ndi kuchuluka kolondola kwa kusuntha.

Kulemera kumawonjezera vutoli. Ndege yolemera kwambiri yolemera kwambiri yofika imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zomwe ziyenera kutayidwa kudzera mu kutseka ndi kugwedeza kumbuyo. Ngakhale kuyenda pang'ono kwa mamita mazana angapo kungapangitse kuti mtunda wofunikira udutse kuposa momwe msewu wotsalawo umaperekera, makamaka pamalo onyowa kapena oipitsidwa pomwe mphamvu ya kutseka imachepa.

Florida Flyers Flight Academy imaphunzitsa ophunzira kuwunika kuyenerera kwa msewu wonyamukira ndege poyerekezera mtunda wofunikira wa ndegeyo poyerekeza ndi LDA yofalitsidwa, osati kutalika kwa msewu wonyamukira ndege. Izi zimakhala zachiwiri pa maphunziro oyendetsa ndege, komwe ophunzira amaphunzira kuti msewu wonyamukira ndege womwe umawoneka wokwanira papepala ukhoza kukhala wosagwiritsidwa ntchito akangowerengedwa malire osunthika.

Yankho lake ndi lomveka bwino kwa aliyense woyendetsa ndege amene akukonzekera ndege yodutsa dziko Pitani ku eyapoti yosazolowereka. Yang'anani LDA. Yerekezerani ndi manambala a magwiridwe antchito. Ngati malire osunthika apangitsa kuti masamuwo akhale ochepa, njira yonyamulira ndegeyo si njira yabwino kwa ndegeyo yolemera choncho.

Thawani Motetezeka Podziwa Malo Anu Olowera

Woyendetsa ndege aliyense amene wawerenga izi mpaka pano tsopano akuwona malire osunthika mosiyana. Mizere yoyera ndi mivi sizilinso zizindikiro chabe, koma ndi malangizo olunjika okhudza komwe msewu wolowera ndege umayambira komanso zomwe malingaliro a magwiridwe antchito ayenera kusintha.

Chidziwitsochi chimasintha momwe mumakonzekera njira iliyonse yolowera ndi kuchoka. Nthawi ina mukadzawonetsa chithunzi cha eyapoti ndikuwona malire osunthika, mudzatsimikizira zokha kuti LDA ndi yolondola, onani malo olepheretsa omwe asunthika, ndikutsimikizira ngati mtunda wanu wonyamuka ndi wofanana ndi msewu wonse womwe ulipo. Chizolowezi chimenecho chimaletsa mtundu wa cholakwika chomwe chimatha ndi galimoto yozimitsa moto panjira yanu kapena kugwa m'dera.

Pangani sikani mu ndondomeko yanu musananyamuke. Yesetsani kuzindikira malire omwe achotsedwa paulendo uliwonse wophunzitsira ku Florida Flyers Flight Academy. Mivi si lingaliro. Ndi malire. Igwireni ngati chinthu chimodzi, ndipo kutera kulikonse ndi kunyamuka kumakhala chisankho chopangidwa ndi chidziwitso chonse m'malo mongosewera zomwe msewu umalola.