Kupanga zisankho za Aeronautical (ADM) ndiye msana wa ndege zotetezeka. Kwa oyendetsa ndege, sikuti amangopanga zisankho mwachangu-komanso kupanga Chabwino ena.
Nazi zinthu zitatu zazikuluzikulu za ADM zomwe woyendetsa ndege aliyense ayenera kudziwa kuti azitha kuyenda molimba mtima.
Woyendetsa ndege wabwino samangokhala wotsimikiza; amadziwitsidwa. ADM sikutanthauza kuweruza mwamwano kapena kumva m'matumbo. Ndi ndondomeko yokonzedwa yomwe imaphatikiza kulingalira kwa akatswiri, zochitika, zolembera za ogwira ntchito, ndi deta yochokera pamakina apamtunda. Chisankho chilichonse ndi kusamalitsa bwino zinthu izi.
M'dziko losinthasintha la kayendetsedwe ka ndege, zinthu zimatha kusintha nthawi yomweyo. Zatsopano zitha kusintha zochitika zonse, zomwe zimafuna oyendetsa ndege kuti asinthe mwachangu. Ndichifukwa chake oyendetsa ndege (PIC) Ayenera kukulitsa luso lawo lokonza zidziwitso, kuyeza zoopsa, ndikupanga zisankho zomwe zimayika chitetezo patsogolo kuposa china chilichonse.
Kupanga zisankho zabwino zakuuluka si luso chabe - ndi malingaliro. Ndipo ndikofunikira kuti ndege iliyonse ikhale yotetezeka, yosalala, komanso yopambana.
Makhalidwe Asanu Owopsa Pakusankha Zopanga Zamlengalenga
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ikufotokoza zinthu zisanu zoopsa zomwe zingawononge chitetezo cha ndege. Malingaliro olakwikawa amatha kusokoneza chiweruzo ndikupangitsa zisankho zolakwika m'chipinda chochezera. Oyendetsa ndege, kaya ali ophunzitsidwa kapena odziwa zambiri, ayenera kuzindikira ndikuchepetsa malingalirowa kuti awonetsetse kuti ntchito ikuyenda bwino.
1) Anti-Authority
Oyendetsa ndege ena amadana ndi kuuzidwa zochita. Amakonda kudalira maganizo awo okha, nthawi zambiri amanyalanyaza malamulo kapena ndondomeko ngati zosafunikira. Ngakhale kuti chidaliro ndi chidziwitso ndizofunika, malingaliro odana ndi ulamulirowa angakhale owopsa m'chipinda chochezera.
Malamulo ndi njira zoyendetsera ndege kukhalapo chifukwa. Amapangidwa kuti aziteteza oyendetsa ndege, okwera, ndi ndege. Kupatuka pazitsogozozi popanda zifukwa zomveka kungayambitse ngozi zosafunikira. Mwachitsanzo, kunyalanyaza zoletsa za ndege kapena kulumpha mndandanda wazomwe mukuwunika musananyamuke kungapulumutse nthawi, koma kumasokoneza chitetezo.
Good Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) amatanthauza kulemekeza malamulo pamene mukugwiritsa ntchito zomwe mwakumana nazo kuti musinthe pakafunika kutero. Kutsatira njira zokhazikitsidwa sikungowonjezera chitetezo komanso kumapereka chitetezo cha akatswiri pakachitika ngozi. Kumbukirani: malamulo palibe kuti akuletseni - alipo kuti akutetezeni.
2) Kutengeka
Chithunzi cha Hollywood cha woyendetsa ndege wa hotshot akupanga zisankho zakugawikana kwachiwiri zitha kuwoneka zosangalatsa, koma sizowona. Paulendo wa pandege, kuchita zinthu mopupuluma kungakhale kwakupha. Kuchita popanda kuganiza—kaya ndikuthamanga a kuyendetsa kapena kudumpha cheke chovuta - kungayambitse zotsatira zoopsa.
Oyendetsa ndege abwino samangochita; iwo Yankhani. Izi zikutanthauza kutenga kamphindi kuti muunike momwe zinthu zilili, kusonkhanitsa zambiri, ndikuwunika zomwe mungachite. Chitsanzo changwiro ndi Mtsogoleri wa Apollo 13 Jim Lovell. Pamene kuphulika kunaimitsa chombo chake, iye sanachite mantha. M’malomwake, anaima kaye, n’kuona mmene zinthu zinalili, n’kusankha mwanzelu zimene zinapulumutsa gulu lake.
M'chipinda cha oyendetsa ndege, Kupanga zisankho za Aeronautical (ADM) kumafuna chilango chomwecho. Kaya mukukumana ndi vuto la injini kapena nyengo yosayembekezereka, kutenga kamphindi kuganiza kungatanthauze kusiyana pakati pa kupambana ndi tsoka. Kusankha mwanzeru si luso chabe, koma kumapulumutsa moyo.
3) Kusatetezeka
Kuganiza kuti “sizindichitikira” ndi imodzi mwamakhalidwe owopsa kwambiri amene woyendetsa ndege angakhale nawo. Nkosavuta kugwa mumsampha wokhulupirira kuti ngozi zimangochitika kwa ena, makamaka ngati mwaloŵa maulendo apandege mazana kapena masauzande ambiri. Koma kudzidalira mopambanitsa kungachititse munthu kuchita zinthu monyanyira, ndipo kuchita zinthu mwachisawawa kungachititse munthu kulakwitsa zinthu.
Kulephera kwa makina, kusintha kwadzidzidzi nyengo, ndi zolakwika zaumunthu zingathe kuchitika kwa aliyense. Woyendetsa ndege amene amanyalanyaza zoopsazi amatha kutenga mwayi wosafunikira, monga kuwulukira m'malo ocheperako kapena kulumpha kukayendera ndege isanakwane. Good Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) kutanthauza kuvomereza kuti palibe amene angagonjetsedwe.
Chinthu choyamba chimene mungachite kuti musamayende bwino pandege ndicho kuvomereza ngozi mungathe zichitike kwa inu. Malingaliro awa amakupangitsani kukhala tcheru, okonzeka komanso okonzeka kuthana ndi zovuta zilizonse. Kupatula apo, njira yabwino yopewera ngozi ndiyo kukonzekera imodzi.
4) "Ndingathe Kuchita Chilichonse"
Chidaliro n'chofunika kwambiri paulendo wa pandege. Popanda izi, oyendetsa ndege sangakhale olimba mtima kuti anyamuke, kuyenda m'malo ovuta, kapena kuthana ndi vuto ladzidzidzi. Koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kudzidalira ndi kudzidalira. Kukhulupirira kuti “ndikhoza kuchita chilichonse” kungayambitse zisankho zosasamala zomwe zimayika miyoyo pachiswe.
Oyendetsa ndege okhala ndi malingaliro amenewa nthawi zambiri amaika moyo wawo pachiswe kuti atsimikizire kapena kukhutiritsa kudzikuza kwawo. Mwachitsanzo, angayese kuchita zinthu zoopsa pakagwa mvula kapena kukankhira ndege kupitirira malire ake kuti angosonyeza kuti angathe. Zochita izi zilibe malo mu cockpit.
Good Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) kutanthauza kudziwa malire anu—ndi kuwalemekeza. Ndiko kulinganiza chidaliro ndi kudzichepetsa, ndi kuzindikira kuti luso lenileni lagona pakupanga zisankho zotetezeka, zowerengeredwa. Woyendetsa ndege wabwino safuna kutsimikizira chilichonse; amangofunika kufikitsa aliyense kunyumba bwinobwino.
5) Kusiya ntchito
Kusiya ntchito ndi chikhulupiriro choopsa chakuti palibe chimene mungachite chingasinthe. Oyendetsa ndege amene ali ndi maganizo amenewa nthawi zambiri amadziona kuti alibe mphamvu—amazengereza kutsutsana ndi zinthu zosayenera, kupewa kuchitapo kanthu pakachitika ngozi zadzidzidzi, kapena kumangotsatira zisankho zimene akudziwa kuti n’zoopsa. Maganizo amenewa akhoza kukhala akupha mofanana ndi kudzidalira mopambanitsa.
Mu cockpit, kusiya ntchito kumatha kuwoneka ngati kungokhala chete. Mwachitsanzo, woyendetsa ndege anganyalanyaze zizindikiro zochenjeza, angalankhule ndi ena popanda kufunsa mafunso, kapena kulephera kuwongolera zinthu zikavuta. Mchitidwe umenewu umasokoneza mfundo ya Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM), yomwe imafunika kuganiza mozama ndi kuchitapo kanthu.
Kuthetsa mndandanda wa ngozi zomwe zingachitike kumayamba ndi kudziona kuti ndiwe wofunika. Oyendetsa ndege ayenera kukhulupirira kuti maphunziro awo, luso lawo, ndi kulingalira kwawo ndizofunikira. Kaya ndikukayikira chisankho chokayikitsa kapena kuyang'anira nthawi yadzidzidzi, chilichonse chomwe mungachite ndichofunika. Kumbukirani: paulendo wa pandege, kusachita kalikonse kungakhale kowopsa monga kuchita cholakwika.
Kuwunika Zowopsa
Njira yabwino yothetsera vuto ladzidzidzi ndiyo kukonzekera imodzi. Ngakhale simungathe kuneneratu zochitika zilizonse - monga "Miracle on the Hudson” kugunda kwa mbalame-mutha kuwunika zoopsa ndikupanga zisankho mwanzeru. Good Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) amatanthauza kudziwa nthawi yoti “ayi” paziwopsezo zosafunikira.
Mwachitsanzo, woyendetsa ndege amene alibe chida choyezera chipangizo ayenera kuona bwinobwino mmene nyengo ilili asanakwere mitambo. Kodi ngoziyo ndi yofunika? Kodi dongosolo losunga zobwezeretsera ndi chiyani ngati zinthu zikuipiraipira? Mafunso awa ali pamtima pakuwunika koyenera kwa ngozi.
Kuwunika zoopsa sikungopewera ngozi, koma kulinganiza chitetezo ndi zochitika. Ndi za kufunsa, Choyipa kwambiri ndi chiyani chomwe chingachitike? ndi Kodi ndine wokonzeka kupirira? Poyankha mafunsowa moona mtima, oyendetsa ndege amatha kupanga zisankho zanzeru ndikusunga ndege iliyonse kukhala yotetezeka momwe angathere.
Kupanga zisankho pamlengalenga: Zochita za Anthu
Zinthu zaumunthu ndizofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo chandege. Gawoli limaphatikiza psychology, kudzidziwitsa, komanso kuphunzira momwe anthu amalumikizirana ndi ukadaulo komanso wina ndi mnzake m'malo apadera a ndege. Kwa oyendetsa ndege, kumvetsetsa zochitika za anthu ndikofunikira kuti apange zisankho zogwira mtima za Aeronautical Decision (ADM).
Ulendo uliwonse usananyamuke, oyendetsa ndege amayenera kufufuza moona mtima maganizo ndi thupi lawo. Kodi ndine wotopa kwambiri, wosokonezedwa, kapena wopanikizika kwambiri moti sindingathe kusankha zinthu mwanzeru? Kutopa, kupsinjika maganizo, kapena kudzidalira mopambanitsa kungachititse kuti munthu asasankhe bwino. Mofananamo, oyendetsa ndege ayenera kuwunika ndege zawo: Kodi ndiyothekadi kuuluka, kapena ndikungoyembekezera zabwino? Kunyalanyaza nkhani zokonza kapena kuwuluka ndi zida zokayikitsa ndikutchova juga palibe woyendetsa sayenera kuchita.
Crew resource management (CRM) sizongogwira ntchito zamagulu angapo - imagwiranso ntchito kwa oyendetsa okha. Kudzitsogolera ngati "antchito" anu kumatanthauza kukhala mwadongosolo, kuyang'ana, komanso kuchitapo kanthu. Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe zilipo - mndandanda, ukadaulo, komanso malingaliro anu - kuti mupange zisankho zabwino kwambiri.
Pomvetsetsa zinthu zaumunthu, oyendetsa ndege amatha kuzindikira zovuta zomwe zingakhalepo zisanakhale zovuta. Ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri la Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) lomwe limawonetsetsa kuti ndege iliyonse ili yotetezeka momwe mungathere.
Kutsiliza
Kupanga zisankho za Aeronautical (ADM) ndiye maziko oyendetsa bwino ndege. Sizongotsatira ndondomeko chabe, koma kukulitsa malingaliro ndi luso lopanga zisankho zanzeru, zodziwitsidwa pagulu.
Pozindikira ndi kuthana ndi malingaliro owopsa, kuwunika zoopsa, komanso kumvetsetsa zomwe anthu amakumana nazo, oyendetsa ndege amatha kuyendetsa ngakhale zovuta kwambiri molimba mtima. Kaya ndinu wophunzira woyendetsa ndege kapena woyendetsa ndege wodziwa bwino ntchito, kudziwa kupanga zisankho pamlengalenga (ADM) kumatsimikizira kuti mwakonzekera chilichonse chomwe mlengalenga chingakuchitikire.
Chifukwa chake, nthawi ina mukadzakhala mchipinda chochezera, kumbukirani: chisankho chilichonse chimakhala chofunikira. Yendani mwanzeru, khalani otetezeka, ndipo lolani ADM ikutsogolereni kuthambo losalala.
Lumikizanani ndi Gulu la Florida Flyers Flight Academy lero ku (904) 209-3510 kuti mudziwe zambiri za momwe mungasinthire layisensi yoyendetsa ndege yakunja mumayendedwe 4.
