Momwe Dongosolo la Manambala a Runway Limagwirira Ntchito ndi Chifukwa Chake Lili Lofunika

Nkhaniyi sifotokoza njira yowerengera manambala a msewu pokuuzani kuti ndi yosavuta kenako ndikusiyirani kuti mupeze zina zonse. Ikuwonetsani momwe manambalawo amagawidwira, chifukwa chake msewu ungakhale 9 ndi 27, komanso zomwe zimachitika Dziko Lapansi likasankha kuwasintha.

Kusokonezeka kwa manambala a msewu wolowera n’komveka. Kumawoneka ngati kopanda chifukwa, makamaka mukawona msewu wolowera n’kulemba 9 mbali imodzi ndi 27 mbali inayo. Kumamveka ngati code, osati dongosolo. Koma ndi dongosolo, ndipo lamangidwa pa mfundo imodzi yokhazikika: mutu wa maginito.

Apa muphunzira mfundo yeniyeni ya nambala iliyonse ya runway, njira yowapatsira, ndi chifukwa chenicheni chomwe amasinthira manambala pakapita nthawi. Pamapeto pake, mudzayang'ana runway iliyonse ndikudziwa bwino tanthauzo la nambalayo.

Mfundo Yomwe Ili M'mbuyo mwa Nambala Iliyonse Yoyendera

Nambala ya msewu wonyamukira ndege ndi nambala yonse yomwe ili pafupi ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a azimuth ya mzere wapakati wa msewu wonyamukira ndege, yoyezedwa mozungulira kuchokera kumpoto kwa msewu wonyamukira ndege. Nambala yomaliza imachotsedwa kuchokera ku azimuth, kotero mutu wa madigiri 092 umakhala msewu wonyamukira ndege 09. Nambala imodzi iyi imauza woyendetsa ndege njira yoyerekeza yomwe adzawulukire akamauluka. kutera kapena kunyamuka kuchokera pamenepo.

Dongosololi silikumvetsetsedwa bwino chifukwa nambala yomwe ili kumapeto kwina ikuwoneka ngati ikubwerera m'mbuyo kwa nambala yomwe ili kumapeto kwina. Njira yolowera msewu yokhala ndi nambala 09 pamalo amodzi idzakhala ndi nambala 27 pamalo ena. Izi si zolakwika kapena mwangozi, ndi kubwerezabwereza kwa mutu woyambirira, wowerengedwa powonjezera kapena kuchotsa madigiri 180. Nambalayo imasintha chifukwa njira yolowera imasintha.

The Buku Lophunzitsira za Ndege la FAA amalemba muyezo uwu, kuonetsetsa kuti woyendetsa ndege aliyense amawerenga nambala yofanana mosasamala kanthu za komwe kuli bwalo la ndege. Kulondola ndikofunikira kwambiri pankhani yosawoneka bwino kapena m'mabwalo a ndege osazolowereka, komwe kusokonekera pang'ono kungatanthauze kusiyana pakati pa njira yokhazikika ndi njira yowongolera.

Kumvetsa mfundo zake kumachotsa chinsinsi. Nthawi ina nambala ya runway ikawoneka ngati yosiyana ndi ina iliyonse, kuwerengera kumakhala kosavuta: kugawa mutu wa maginito ndi khumi, kuzungulira nambala yonse yapafupi, ndikusiya ziro. Dongosololi ndi losavuta kuposa momwe limaonekera.

Kodi Runway 9 ndi 27 Zimatanthauza Chiyani Kwenikweni?

Chisokonezo chokhudza msewu wa 9 ndi 27 chili pafupifupi ponseponse pakati pa oyendetsa ndege atsopano ndi apaulendo odziwa zambiri. Zikuoneka ngati kutsutsana, manambala awiri akuloza mbali zosiyana pa mzere womwewo wa msewu. Cholakwika ndikuwona manambalawo ngati zilembo osati momwe alili: mitu yolunjika yomwe imasintha kutengera komwe mukuwulukira.

Pamaso:

Wokwera akuyang'ana pawindo ndipo akuona msewu wa 9 kumapeto ena ndi msewu wa 27 kumbali ina. Manambalawo akuoneka ngati akubwerera m'mbuyo, pafupifupi mopanda dongosolo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti anthu aganize kuti dongosololi silikugwirizana kapena kuti winawake walakwitsa kulemba mayina.

Pambuyo pake:

Msewu wa 09 umatanthauza kuti mapeto oyandikira ali pafupi madigiri 90 pa kampasi inakwera ndi madigiri 360, ikupita kum'mawa. Mapeto ena, msewu wa 27, umaloza madigiri 270, ikupita kumadzulo. Msewu womwewo uli ndi manambala awiri chifukwa njira iliyonse yolowera ili ndi maginito ake.

Izi si zachilendo. Ndi mfundo zonse za dongosololi zomwe zimawonekera. Nambalayo imauza woyendetsa ndege njira yeniyeni yoti awongolere mphuno mawilo asanachoke pansi.

Momwe Manambala a Runway Amaperekedwera Pang'onopang'ono

Njira yoperekera ntchito ndi yamakina, osati yachinsinsi. Mafotokozedwe ambiri amalumpha gawo lofunika kwambiri lozungulira bwino, komwe ndi komwe logic ya dongosololi imadina kapena kulephera kwa wophunzira watsopano. Njirayi ikutsatira njira zisanu zosavuta zomwe zimasintha kampasi kukhala manambala ojambulidwa panjira.

Khwerero 1. Yesani azimuth ya maginito ya mzere wapakati wa msewu wonyamulira ndege kuchokera komwe woyendetsa ndege akuyandikira. Apa ndiye poyambira penipeni, osati momwe msewu wonyamulira ndege ulili pamapu. Muyesowu umachokera ku kampasi yolumikizidwa kumpoto kwa maginito, osati kumpoto kwenikweni.

Khwerero 2. Gawani azimuth imeneyo ndi 10 ndikuzungulira ku nambala yonse yapafupi. Kuzungulira kwa madigiri 092 kumakhala 9.2, komwe kumazungulira kufika 9. Kuzungulira kwa madigiri 176 kumakhala 17.6, komwe kumazungulira kufika 18. Kuzungulira ndi sitepe yomwe imapanga zotsatira zoyera za manambala awiri.

Khwerero 3. Chotsani ziro yomaliza ngati zotsatira zake ndi manambala awiri, kapena onjezani ziro yotsogola ngati zotsatira zake ndi nambala imodzi. Nambala 9 ikukhala 09. Nambala 18 imakhalabe 18. Ichi ndichifukwa chake simuwona nambala ya runway ya manambala amodzi popanda ziro yotsogola, ndi lamulo lokonza lomwe limatsimikizira kuti zinthu zonse zikugwirizana. chithunzi ndi tchati cha eyapoti.

Khwerero 4. Perekani nambala yofanana kumapeto kwina. Onjezani 180 ku nambala yoyamba, kapena chotsani 180 ngati nambala yoyamba ndi yayikulu kuposa 180. Njira yothamangira 09 imapeza njira yothamangira 27 kumapeto kwina. Njira yothamangira 18 imapeza njira yothamangira 36. Manambala awiriwa nthawi zonse amafika pa 36, ​​yomwe ndi nambala yonse ya madigiri 360.

Khwerero 5. Onjezani zilembo L, C, kapena R ngati pali malo oimikapo ndege oyendera limodzi. Gawoli limagwira ntchito kokha m'mabwalo a ndege omwe ali ndi malo angapo oimikapo ndege omwe akulozera mbali imodzi. Buku lotsogolera la Pilot Institute imagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha madigiri 092 kukhala msewu wolowera 09, chomwe chikuwonetsa njira yonse kuyambira pa bearing mpaka chizindikiro chomaliza.

Kumaliza masitepe awa kumapanga nambala ya ndege yomwe woyendetsa ndege aliyense kulikonse angaimvetsere nthawi yomweyo. Dongosololi limachotsa kusamveka bwino pazochitika zomwe kusamveka bwino kungakhale koopsa.

Chifukwa Chake Misewu Yothamangira Misewu Imasinthidwa Pakapita Nthawi

Nambala ya msewu wolowera ndege wojambulidwa pa phula si yokhazikika. Imasintha chifukwa mphamvu ya maginito ya Dziko Lapansi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yoyenda pang'onopang'ono pansi pa dongosolo lonse la ndege, ndipo manambala ayenera kutsatira.

Kumpoto kwa maginito kumasinthasintha malinga ndi malo. Kwa zaka zambiri kapena makumi ambiri, azimuth ya mzere wapakati wa msewu wonyamulira ndege imatha kusintha ndi madigiri angapo. Kusintha kumeneko kukankhira mutu kudutsa malire ozungulira, pafupifupi pakati pa manambala awiri, msewuwo umalandira dzina latsopano.

Izi si zachilendo. Mabwalo a ndege padziko lonse lapansi asintha manambala a misewu ya ndege pamene mphamvu ya maginito ikuyenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma plates oyandikira asinthidwe, zizindikiro za taxiway, ndi ma database omwe amaikidwa mu dongosolo lililonse loyang'anira maulendo a ndege.

Njira yosinthira manambala ndi ntchito yokhudza gawo lililonse la ntchito za pa eyapoti. Zizindikiro ziyenera kusinthidwa. Ma tchati ofalitsidwa ndi akuluakulu oyendetsa ndege ayenera kusinthidwa. Oyendetsa ndege ayenera kudziwitsidwa kudzera m'makalata ovomerezeka. dongosolo lozindikiritsa malo oimikapo magalimoto zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kayendetsedwe ka ndege, kotero kusintha kumachitika kudzera mu ndondomeko iliyonse yolumikizirana ndege isanayambe komanso njira iliyonse yogwiritsira ntchito zida. Kusintha kwa nambala imodzi kungafunike miyezi yambiri yogwirizana.

Chomwe chimapangitsa izi kukhala zofunika kudziwa ndichakuti dongosololi silili lokhazikika. Manambala omwe akuwoneka kuti ndi okhazikika komanso odalirika masiku ano ndi olondola pa nthawi ino yomwe mphamvu yamaginito ikuyenda pang'onopang'ono. Mawa, akhoza kukhala achikale.

Zimene Zilembo L, C, ndi R Zimatanthauza

Misewu yoyendera ndege yofanana imaswa mfundo zomveka bwino za dongosolo la manambala a msewu, ndichifukwa chake zilembo L, C, ndi R zilipo. Popanda zilembozi, woyendetsa ndege wololedwa kukafika pa msewu 15 pa eyapoti yokhala ndi mizere itatu yofanana sakanatha kudziwa kuti ndi iti yoti aikemo. Zilembozi zimathetsa kusamveka bwino kumeneku popereka malo poyerekeza ndi komwe akupita.

• L ya msewu wolowera kumanzere kwambiri wofanana
• C ya msewu woyendera pakati wofanana
• R ya msewu wolowera kumanja kwambiri wofanana
• Aperekedwa pamene akuyang'ana njira yolowera
• Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati njira ziwiri kapena zingapo zoyendera ndege zili ndi nambala yofanana
• Si eyapoti iliyonse yomwe ili ndi zilembo zonse zitatu
• Zilembo zimayikidwa mwachindunji ku nambala, palibe malo

Malo nthawi zonse amatsimikiziridwa malinga ndi momwe woyendetsa ndege amaonera pofika komaliza, osati malinga ndi mapu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti 15L ndi 15R ndi zosiyana pagalasi kumapeto kwa msewu womwewo, zomwe zili 15L kuchokera mbali imodzi zimakhala 33R kuchokera mbali inayo.

Chongani Kulemba kwa Wikipedia pa msewu wopita ku runway chizindikiro cha msonkhano wonse. Kenako yang'anani chithunzi cha bwalo la ndege lanu lapafupi ndikuwona kuti ndi njira ziti zoyendera ndege zomwe zili ndi zilembo zofanana, mawonekedwe ake amaonekera bwino mukadziwa zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana.

Malingaliro Olakwika Omwe Ambiri Amanena Zokhudza Manambala a Runway

Nthano yodziwika bwino yokhudza manambala a ndege ndi yakuti amaperekedwa mwachisawawa, ngati kuti woyendetsa bwalo la ndege watulutsa nambala m'chipewa. Chikhulupiriro ichi chikupitirirabe chifukwa manambalawa amawoneka osagwirizana ndi apaulendo omwe amawona 09 mbali imodzi ndi 27 mbali inayo osamvetsetsa maziko a mutu wa maginito. Zoona zake n'zakuti nambala iliyonse imatsatira kuwerengera kokhwima komwe sikusiya malo oti munthu aganizire mozama.

Cholakwika china chofala ndi kuganiza kuti nambalayo ikusonyeza kutalika kwa msewu wonyamulira ndege. Msewu wonyamulira ndege wolembedwa kuti 15 si wautali mamita 1,500, ndipo msewu wonyamulira ndege 22 si wautali mamita 2,200. Nambalayo si yokhudzana ndi mtunda, ndi chizindikiro cholunjika chokha chochokera ku azimuth ya maginito ya mzere wapakati.

Apaulendo ena amadabwa chifukwa chake msewu wa 00 sumawonekera. Yankho lake ndi losavuta: mutu wa madigiri 000 ungakhale kumpoto kwa maginito, komwe kumazungulira madigiri 360, osati ziro. Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito 36 pamutuwo, ndipo manambala a manambala amodzi nthawi zonse amalandira ziro wotsogolera, lamulo lolembedwa mu miyezo yopangira njira zoyendetsera ndege zomwe zimayendetsa ndege zapadziko lonse lapansi.

Mwina lingaliro lolakwika kwambiri ndilakuti malekezero onse awiri a msewu wa ndege ali ndi nambala yofanana. Woyendetsa ndege akuyembekezera msewu wa ndege 09 akayandikira yemwe akuganiza kuti mbali inayo ndi 09 nayenso angakhale wolakwika ndi madigiri 180. Nambala yobwerezabwereza imapezeka kuti ipewe chisokonezo chimenecho, zomwe zimapangitsa njira iliyonse kukhala ndi chizindikiritso chake chapadera.

Kusamvetsetsana kumeneku n'kofunika chifukwa kumawononga chidaliro mu dongosolo lopangidwa kuti limveke bwino. Woyendetsa ndege kapena wokwera akangovomereza kuti manambalawo ndi osasinthika, amasiya kufunafuna mfundo zomwe zimateteza njira iliyonse.

Momwe Oyendetsa Magalimoto Amagwiritsira Ntchito Manambala a Runway Pochita

Oyendetsa ndege sakumbukira manambala a ndege ngati nkhani yaing'ono. Amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati chida chachikulu chotsimikizira kuti akuyandikira msewu woyenera wa ndege, makamaka m'mabwalo a ndege otanganidwa komwe misewu yambiri ya ndege imaloza mbali zosiyanasiyana ndipo malire a cholakwika ndi zero.

Woyendetsa ndege yemwe akufika komaliza akuyang'ana nambala yomwe yajambulidwa pamalire motsutsana ndi malo omwe apatsidwa kuchokera kwa oyang'anira ndege. Nambala imodziyo, yomwe ikuwoneka kuchokera pamtunda woposa kilomita imodzi, imatsimikizira kuti ndegeyo ili pamalo oyenera. Pa eyapoti ngati Chicago O'Hare yokhala ndi njira zisanu ndi zitatu zoyendetsera ndege, kutsimikizira kumeneku sikofunikira, ndi gawo lofunikira la mndandanda woti ndege ifike.

Nambalayi imagwiranso ntchito ngati chidule cha njira yolumikizirana. Woyendetsa ndege sanena kuti "akuyandikira msewu wolowera ndege womwe umaloza kum'mawa." Amati "aloledwa kutera msewu wolowera ndege 09." Chizindikiro cha manambala awiri chimenecho chili ndi chidziwitso chonse chofunikira kuti wowongolera azitha kutsata magalimoto ndi kuti woyendetsa ndegeyo azitha kudziwa bwino momwe zinthu zilili popanda kusinthasintha.

Manambala amawonekera pa ma diagram a eyapoti, ma slats oyandikira, ndi njira zoyendetsera zida. Tchati chilichonse chomwe woyendetsa ndege amatchula panthawi yotsika chimaphatikizapo nambala ya msewu wonyamukira ndege ngati chizindikiritso chachikulu. Woyendetsa ndege akamafotokoza za njira yoyandikira, nambala ya msewu ndi chidziwitso choyamba chomwe amachitsimikizira motsutsana ndi nyengo, komwe mphepo ikupita, komanso komwe msewu wonyamukira ndege ukupita.

Dongosololi limagwira ntchito chifukwa nambala yake si yongoganizira chabe. Ndi kumasulira mwachindunji kwa mutu wa maginito kukhala chizindikiro chomwe woyendetsa ndege aliyense, wowongolera, ndi ogwira ntchito pansi amawerenga mofanana. Kusasinthasintha kumeneko ndiko kumapangitsa dongosololi kukhala losawoneka likagwira ntchito komanso losatheka kuphonya likapanda kugwira ntchito.

Nthawi Yotsatira Mukawona Manambala a Runway, Mudzadziwa

Dongosolo la manambala a msewu wa ndege limasiya kukhala losamvetsetseka mukangolumikiza nambala iliyonse ku mutu wa maginito. Kungoyang'ana kamodzi pa msewu wa ndege tsopano kukuuzani komwe mukuyang'ana, 09 ikutanthauza kum'mawa, 27 ikutanthauza kumadzulo, ndipo nambala ina iliyonse imatsatira njira yomweyo ya kampasi popanda kupatulapo.

Chidziwitso chimenecho chimasintha momwe mumawerengera chithunzi cha eyapoti kapena kumvetsera kuyimba kwa wailesi kwa woyendetsa ndege. Simukuwonanso manambala osankhidwa mwachisawawa ojambulidwa pa phula. Mumawona chizindikiro cholondola choyendetsera ndege chomwe chimagwira ntchito mofanana pa eyapoti iliyonse padziko lapansi, kuyambira pagawo laling'ono lachigawo mpaka malo akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi.

Yang'anani manambala a ndege pa eyapoti yanu yapafupi mawa. Yesani kuwerengera nokha. Sankhani nambala, chulukitsani ndi khumi, ndipo pezani njira yopitayo pa kampasi. Dongosololi lidzakhala lomveka nthawi iliyonse.