Oyendetsa ndege ambiri omwe amavutika pansi amachita izi chifukwa palibe amene anawaphunzitsa momwe angawerengere chithunzi cha bwalo la ndege asananyamuke tekisi yawo yoyamba yokha. Bukuli likukonza zimenezo. Kuyambira manambala a msewu wopita ku bwalo la ndege ndi zilembo za taxiway mpaka malo otentha, kusunga mizere ifupi, ndi mabokosi afupipafupi, gawo lililonse la chithunzi cha bwalo la ndege likufotokozedwa apa kuti mutha kuyenda pabwalo lililonse la ndege ndi chidaliro chofanana ndi cha katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito.
M'ndandanda wazopezekamo
Mumajambula chithunzi cha bwalo la ndege cha gawo lomwe simukulidziwa, ndipo chinthu choyamba chomwe mumawona ndi kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso chomwe chaikidwa patsamba limodzi. Manambala a msewu wopita ku eyapoti, zilembo za taxiway, malo okhala ndi mithunzi, manambala ozungulira m'mphepete, zikuwoneka ngati code yomwe simunaphunzitsidwepo kuswa.
Oyendetsa ndege ambiri ndi okonda ndege amatha kupeza chithunzi cha bwalo la ndege, koma sangathe kuchiwerenga molimba mtima. Kusiyana pakati pa taxi yotetezeka ndi kuukira kwa msewu nthawi zambiri kumadalira kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la zizindikiro ndi zilembozo.
Nkhaniyi imaphunzitsa chilankhulo chowoneka cha zithunzi za bwalo la ndege kuti mutha kuyenda pabwalo lililonse la ndege ndi chidziwitso chofanana ndi cha woyendetsa ndege waluso.
Apa muphunzira kutanthauzira manambala a msewu wopita ku bwalo la ndege, kutsatira njira yoyendetsera taxiway, kuzindikira malo omwe anthu ambiri amakumana nawo asanakhale mavuto, ndikuwerenga zambiri zomwe anthu ambiri amanyalanyaza. Pomaliza, simudzangoyang'ana chithunzi cha eyapoti, mudzachiwerenga.
Kodi Zithunzi za Bwalo la Ndege Zimasonyeza Chiyani Kwenikweni?
Anthu ambiri amayang'ana chithunzi cha bwalo la ndege ndipo amaona mapu. Oyendetsa ndege amawona chikalata choteteza chomwe chapanikizidwa mu pepala limodzi. Kusiyana pakati pa malingaliro awiriwa ndi kusiyana pakati pa kuyerekezera ndi kudziwa komwe muli pabwalo la ndege lovuta.
Ma diagram a bwalo la ndege, mwa tanthauzo lake, amapangidwira kuthandiza kuyenda kwa magalimoto pansi mozungulira malo ovuta a msewu wa ndege ndi msewu wa taxi. Koma kuwatcha mamapu kumachepetsa zomwe amachita. Mapu amakuuzani komwe zinthu zili. Chithunzi cha bwalo la ndege chimakuuzani momwe mungasunthire, komwe mungayime, komwe mungalankhule ndi ndani, komanso komwe zoopsa zimakhala.
Chithunzichi chili ndi ma frequency owongolera pansi, nsanja, ndi kutumiza malo olowera. Chimasonyeza kukwera kuti oyendetsa ndege athe kukhazikitsa njira zawo zoyendera. ma altimeters musanasamuke. Ikuwonetsa malo omwe anthu ambiri amakumana ndi ngozi, malo omwe ndege zinagundanapo kale. Chilichonse patsambali chilipo chifukwa winawake amafunikira chidziwitso chimenecho kuti apewe kugundana kapena kusalumikizana bwino.
Chithunzichi si chizindikiro chomwe mumachiyang'ana mukasochera. Ndi dongosolo lomwe mumamanga musanayambe kuyenda. Kusiyana kumeneko kumasintha momwe mumawerengera.
Kuzindikira Manambala ndi Zizindikiro za Runway
Nambala yojambulidwa kumapeto kwa msewu wonyamulira ndege si chizindikiro. Ndi mutu, ndipo kuwerenga molakwika kumatanthauza kuuluka moyandikira msewu womwe sukugwirizana ndi msewu womwe uli pansipa.
Manambala a msewu wopita ku msewu amachokera ku azimuth ya maginito ya pakati pa msewu wopita ku msewu, yogawidwa ndi khumi, ndipo yozunguliridwa ku nambala yonse yapafupi. Msewu wopita ku msewu ...
Nambalayi imauza woyendetsa ndege kuti ndegeyo iyenera kuuluka ikamayandikira mbali imeneyo. Msewu wa 27 umatanthauza kuti ndegeyo iuluka pa madigiri pafupifupi 270. Kulondola kwake n'kofunika chifukwa kusintha kwa maginito kumasintha pakapita nthawi, ndipo ma eyapoti amawerengeranso manambalawa pamene kusinthako kwadutsa madigiri angapo. Msewu wa 27 womwe unali Msewu wa 27 zaka makumi awiri zapitazo tsopano ukhoza kukhala Msewu wa 26.
Dongosololi limayankha funso la tanthauzo la 27 pa msewu wolowera ndege mwachindunji. Si liwiro, mtunda, kapena dzina la mtundu wa msewu wolowera ndege. Ndi mutu wa maginito, wogawidwa ndi khumi, wozungulira, ndi wojambulidwa pakhomo kotero woyendetsa ndegeyo amadziwa bwino komwe msewu wolowera ndege umaloza mawilo asanagwe pansi.
Malingaliro ake ndi okongola. Zotsatira zake zonyalanyaza sizodabwitsa.
Zolemba za Taxiway ndi Malingaliro Omwe Ali M'mbuyo Mwawo
Oyendetsa ndege ambiri amatha kukumbukira manambala a ndege zoyendera ndege, koma makina olembera magalimoto a taxiway amakhumudwitsa ngakhale oyendetsa ndege odziwa bwino ntchito m'malo osazolowereka. zilembo ndi mayina a msewu wa taxiway ndi yosavuta kuposa momwe imaonekera, zilembo za njira zazikulu, manambala a spurs, ndi kuphatikiza kwa alpha-numeric pamene eyapoti yatha zilembo.
Taxiway A ndiye njira yayikulu yofanana ndi msewu wonyamulira ndege. Taxiway B ili pafupi nayo. Ngati bwalo la ndege lili ndi njira zonyamulira ndege zoposa makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi chimodzi, zilembo ziwiri, AA, BB, kapena AB, ndipo manambala amawoneka panjira zolumikizira zomwe zimafalikira kuchokera ku mitsempha yayikulu. Hartsfield-Jackson ya ku Atlanta imagwiritsa ntchito njira iyi m'njira zake zazikulu.
Zolemba zomwe zili pachithunzichi zikugwirizana ndi zizindikiro zenizeni pa malo onse olumikizirana. Woyendetsa ndege wouzidwa kuti “taxi kudzera pa Bravo kupita ku ramp” amatsatira zizindikiro zabuluu zokhala ndi zilembo zachikasu mpaka akafike komwe akupita. Chithunzicho ndiye chizindikiro; zizindikirozo ndiye chitsimikizo. Chimodzi chopanda chinzake chimabweretsa chisokonezo pansi.
Misewu yolowera pa chithunzi ndi yayikulu, yolembedwa manambala, komanso yozunguliridwa ndi mizere yolimba. Misewu yolowera pa taxi ndi yopapatiza, yokhala ndi zilembo, komanso yokhala ndi mizere yapakati yodulidwa. Kusiyana kwake n'kofunika chifukwa kuwoloka msewu wopanda msewu ndi malo olowera. Chithunzichi chimapangitsa malirewo kuonekera woyendetsa ndegeyo asanasunthe ndegeyo.
Mabwalo a ndege ovuta amaikidwa mu ma prefixes otsogolera, Taxiway A North motsutsana ndi Taxiway A South, kuti apewe kusamveka bwino pamene chilembo chimodzi chikudutsa mtunda wa kilomita imodzi. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa kugawanika kumeneku ndi mizere yocheperako komanso ma offset a zilembo omwe amapindulitsa kuphunzira mosamala injini zisanayambe.
Malo Odziwika ndi Machenjezo a Chitetezo pa Chithunzicho
Gawo loopsa kwambiri la bwalo la ndege nthawi zambiri silili msewu wonyamulira ndege wokha. Ndi malo ovuta olumikizirana magalimoto a taxi ndi mizere yomwe oyendetsa ndege, magalimoto apansi, ndi Malangizo a ATC Kusonkhana, ndipo chisokonezo chimasanduka kulowera kwa msewu wonyamukira ndege.
Malo awa alembedwa pa ma diagram a FAA ngati malo otentha. Malo aliwonse otentha ndi malo enaake pamwamba pa bwalo la ndege omwe ali ndi mbiri yolembedwa kapena yomwe ingakhalepo yokhudza kuukira kapena chisokonezo cha panyanja. Si machenjezo amalingaliro. Amachokera ku zochitika zenizeni ndi zomwe zatsala pang'ono kuphonya zomwe zalembedwa ndikusanthulidwa.
Pa chithunzi chovomerezeka cha FAA, malo aliwonse otentha amawoneka ngati nambala yozungulira yoyikidwa mwachindunji pa kapangidwe ka eyapoti. Nambala imeneyo ikugwirizana ndi mawu omwe ali m'mphepete, pomwe FAA imapereka kufotokozera kosavuta kwa chiopsezo chenichenicho. Ena amafotokoza za mawonekedwe osokoneza: "Kulumikizana kovuta kwa Taxiways A, B, ndi C ndi Runway 9-27." Ena amachenjeza za zizindikiro zosazolowereka kapena zopinga zowoneka bwino. Kufotokozerako kumauza woyendetsa ndege zomwe ayenera kuyang'anira.
Oyendetsa ndege omwe amalephera kukamba nkhani za malo ofunikira kwambiri panthawi yokonzekera taxi asanayambe ulendo wawo amakhala kuti akuyenda mosasamala mu gawo lofunika kwambiri la kuyenda pansi. FAA yafalitsa mndandanda wonse wa malo otchuka otetezera ndege pa chithunzi chilichonse cha bwalo la ndege, ndipo deta ya m'mphepete mwake ilipo kuti iwerengedwe mawilo asanayambe kuyenda. Woyendetsa ndege amene waphunzira manambala ozungulirawo amadziwa komwe angachepetse liwiro, komwe angayang'anenso mzere waufupi wolowera, komanso komwe angayembekezere zosayembekezereka.
Mphepete mwa tsambalo sikuti imangolemba malo ofunikira okha. Imakhalanso ndi tsiku losinthidwa posachedwa, tsiku loyambira kugwiritsa ntchito tchati, ndi kusintha kulikonse kwakanthawi. Chithunzi chomwe chili ndi miyezi ingapo chingakhale ndi malo ofunikira omwe asinthidwa kapena chatsopano chomwe chawonjezedwa. Deta ya mphepete mwa tsambalo ndi chidziwitso cha chitetezo. Kunyalanyaza ndikofanana ndi kunyalanyaza a Chidziwitso.
Kumene Mungapeze Zithunzi Zovomerezeka za Ndege
Kudziwa kuwerenga chithunzi cha bwalo la ndege sikuthandiza ngati simungapeze choyenera. Magwero ovomerezeka si onse ofanana, chilichonse chimagwira ntchito yosiyana, ndipo kusankha cholakwika kumawononga nthawi kapena, choipa kwambiri, kumakubweretserani chidziwitso chakale.
- Tsamba lofufuzira la Zithunzi za FAA Airport
- Mndandanda wa mabuku a mavoliyumu 7 (Chart Supplement US) (d-CS)
- SkyVector, kukonzekera ndege zaulere pa intaneti
- Mawebusayiti a pa eyapoti payekha monga Chicago Executive Airport
- Ma chart a Jeppesen a njira zogwiritsira ntchito zida
- FAA Order JO 7110.10 ya ma diagram a ntchito zoyendetsa ndege
- AirNav.com kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza eyapoti
FAA's Chart Supplement US ndiye gwero lodalirika la ma diagram a eyapoti ku United States. Izi zikuphatikizapo ma eyapoti onse ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu onse ndipo zimaphatikizapo ma frequency, malo otchuka, ndi zolemba zogwirira ntchito zomwe ma diagram odziyimira pawokha sazisiya.
Kokani chithunzi cha bwalo la ndege lomwe mukufuna kupitako sabata yamawa. Tsatirani njira ya taxi kuchokera pa msewu wolowera kupita ku bwalo lotulukira ndege. Onani malo omwe anthu ambiri amayendera. Yang'anani kuchuluka kwa magalimoto. Chitani izi musanakhale m'chipinda chosungiramo anthu, ndipo apa chithunzicho chimakhala chida, osati kungotchula chabe.
Kuwerenga Deta ya Malire ndi Nthano
Chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri cha chitetezo pa chithunzi cha eyapoti chili kunja kwa chithunzicho. Oyendetsa ndege omwe amadumpha deta ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja amayenda ndi dzanja limodzi lomangidwa kumbuyo, akusowa ma frequency, masiku ogwira ntchito, ndi machenjezo okhudza zoopsa zomwe zimapangitsa mapu osasinthika kukhala chida chogwirira ntchito.
Chithunzi chilichonse chovomerezeka chimakhala ndi tsiku losinthidwa posachedwa m'mphepete mwa pamwamba. Tsiku limenelo limakuuzani ngati chithunzicho chikuwonetsa kapangidwe kamene kali pano, misewu yotsekedwa, kapena kusintha kwa ma frequency. Chithunzi chakale chimakhala choipa kuposa kusakhalapo kwa chithunzicho, chimapereka chidaliro chabodza. Deti logwira ntchito limatsimikizira kuti chithunzicho ndi chovomerezeka pawindo lanu la ndege.
Mndandanda wa ma frequency omwe ali m'mphepete mwa msewu si lingaliro. Ndi gulu lonse la ma radio channels omwe amagwira ntchito kuti apereke chilolezo, kuwongolera pansi, nsanja, ndi ATIS. Oyendetsa ndege omwe amayika ma frequency awa mu ma radio awo injini isanayambe, amasunga masekondi ofunikira panthawi ya taxi. Mphepete mwa msewuwu umatchulanso kutalika kwa bwalo la ndege, zomwe zimakhudza makonda a altimeter ndi kuwerengera magwiridwe antchito a ndege ikanyamuka.
Nthanoyi imatanthauzira zizindikiro zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chithunzicho chiwerengedwe. Mizere yogwirira msewu, madera ofunikira a ILS, ndi malire a malo osayenda chilichonse chili ndi chizindikiro chake. Kulakwitsa powerenga chizindikiro cha mzere wogwirira kumatanthauza kuwoloka msewu wothamanga popanda malo otseguka. Nthanoyi si yokongoletsa, ndi chinsinsi cha chizindikiro chilichonse chachitetezo pamwamba.
Onani malire ngati chinthu chowunikira ndege isananyamuke. Kokani chithunzicho, fufuzani tsiku, tsimikizirani kuchuluka kwa maulendo, ndikuwunikanso zizindikiro za malo anu oyendera ndege. Chithunzicho sichili chothandiza popanda nkhani yomwe malirewo amapereka.
Momwe Oyendetsa Magalimoto Amagwiritsira Ntchito Zithunzi Panthawi ya Taxi
Chithunzi cha bwalo la ndege chimakhala chida chowongolera ndege nthawi yomweyo ikachoka pachipata. Zolakwika zambiri zapadziko lapansi zimachitika osati chifukwa choti oyendetsa ndege alibe tchati, koma chifukwa amachiwona ngati chizindikiro choyang'ana m'malo molemba zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa pang'onopang'ono.
Intambwe ya 1: Unikani chithunzicho injini isanayambe kuti mukonzekere njira ya taxi kuchokera pachipata kupita ku msewu wonyamulira ndege womwe mwapatsidwa. Kufotokozeraku kumapanga chitsanzo cha m'maganizo cha kapangidwe ka bwalo la ndege kuti woyendetsa ndege athe kuyembekezera kutembenuka ndikukhala ndi malo afupiafupi m'malo mochitapo kanthu. Kudumpha sitepe iyi kumasintha malangizo onse a ATC kukhala kufunafuna msewu woyenera wa taxi.
Intambwe ya 2: Onani malo otentha ndi ma frequency omwe alembedwa m'mphepete musanayimbire woyang'anira pansi. Woyendetsa ndege yemwe wazindikira kale manambala a malo otentha omwe ali mozungulira pachithunzichi akhoza kufotokozera ogwira ntchito komwe kumafunika kusamala kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti malire akhale malo enieni ochitirapo kanthu panthawi ya taxi.
Intambwe ya 3: Tsatirani malangizo a ATC pamene mukuyang'ana mbali iliyonse yozungulira ndipo gwirani mfundo yochepa motsutsana ndi chithunzicho. Chithunzicho chikutsimikizira kuti malangizo a wowongolera akugwirizana ndi kapangidwe kake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusalumikizana bwino asanayambe kulowererapo. Woyendetsa ndege amene amawerenga chithunzicho osamvera wailesi akuuluka mopanda chidwi.
Intambwe ya 4: Gwiritsani ntchito chithunzichi kuti mutsimikizire kuti mugwire mizere ifupi ndi malo owolokera msewu musanadutse malo aliwonse ogwirira ntchito. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa malo enieni omwe chizindikiro chilichonse chachifupi chilipo poyerekeza ndi msewu wa taxiway, kotero woyendetsa ndege amadziwa bwino komwe ayenera kuyima. Kuganizira komwe mzerewo uli ndi momwe kulowerera msewu kumayambira.
Intambwe ya 5: Sinthani chithunzicho ndi ma NOTAM kapena kusintha kwakanthawi panthawi yokonzekera ulendo wa ndege. Njira yotsekedwa kapena malire osunthika omwe sanalembedwe pa tchati amakhala oopsa ndege ikayamba kuyenda. Chithunzicho chimakhala chabwino ngati zosintha zomaliza zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kumaliza njirayi kumasintha tchati chosasinthika kukhala chida chotetezeka chomwe chimatsogolera kayendetsedwe kalikonse ka pansi. Woyendetsa ndege amene amatsatira njira izi amafika pa bwalo la ndege okonzeka kuuluka, osachira chifukwa cha kulakwitsa komwe adachita poyendetsa ndege.
Zithunzi za Bwalo la Ndege la Master Musanayambe Ndege Yanu Yotsatira
Ma diagram a bwalo la ndege si zinthu zofotokozera zomwe zimatsegulidwa mutafika. Ndi zida zodzitetezera zomwe zimalowa m'malo mwa zongopeka ndi kutsimikizika nthawi iliyonse yoyenda pansi. Owerenga tsopano akumvetsa kuti nambala ya msewu wonyamukira ndege ndi chizindikiro cha maginito, kalata ya msewu wonyamukira ndege ndi malangizo oyendetsera ndege, ndipo nambala ya malo ofunikira kwambiri m'mphepete mwa msewu ndi chiopsezo cholembedwa chomwe chimafuna chidziwitso.
Kusankha kunyalanyaza ndemanga ya chithunzi cha taxi musanapite ku eyapoti ndikusankha kuyenda patali ndi bwalo la ndege lomwe simukulidziwa bwino. Woyendetsa ndege amene amafufuza malo omwe anthu ambiri amakumana nawo, kutsimikizira ma frequency, ndi kutsatira njira ya taxi injini isanayambe amachotsa chisokonezo chomwe chimayambitsa kulowererapo. Woyendetsa ndege amene satero amadalira kukumbukira ndi chiyembekezo, zinthu ziwiri zomwe sizili ndi malo pa ramp yotanganidwa.
Kokani chithunzi cha eyapoti yanu yakwanu pa SkyVector kapena tsamba la FAA pompano. Tsatirani njira ya taxi kuchokera pa ramp kupita ku bwalo lanu lodziwika bwino la ndege. Pezani malo otchuka. Werengani zambiri za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Chitani izi pa eyapoti iliyonse musanakwere ndege kupita kumeneko. Kudzidalira kumachokera ku kukonzekera, osati kuchokera ku zomwe mwakumana nazo zokha.
Mafunso Ofala Okhudza Zithunzi za Ndege
Kodi ma diagram a bwalo la ndege amatchedwa chiyani?
Ma diagram a bwalo la ndege amadziwika mwalamulo kuti ma chart a bwalo la ndege kapena ma chart a aerodrome, ndipo ndi mamapu wamba omwe oyendetsa ndege amagwiritsa ntchito poyendetsa ndege pansi pa ma eyapoti. Bungwe la Federal Aviation Administration limafalitsa ma diagramwa ngati gawo la Chart Supplement, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatchedwanso ma diagram a kapangidwe ka bwalo la ndege kapena ma chart a kayendedwe ka bwalo la ndege.
Kodi ndingapeze kuti zithunzi za eyapoti?
Ma diagram ovomerezeka a eyapoti amapezeka mwachindunji patsamba la FAA Diagrams, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wofufuza pogwiritsa ntchito khodi ya eyapoti ya eyapoti iliyonse yaku US. Kuti mupeze mwayi wa digito, SkyVector imapereka ma diagram aposachedwa pamodzi ndi zida zina zokonzekera ndege, ndipo mawebusayiti a eyapoti nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitundu yawoyawo kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito poyesa.
Kodi 27 imatanthauza chiyani pa msewu wonyamukira ndege?
Nambala 27 pa msewu wonyamukira ndege imasonyeza kuti msewu wake wa maginito uli ndi madigiri 270, kutanthauza kuti msewuwo umayang'ana chakumadzulo. Nambala iyi imachokera pogawa azimuth ya maginito ndi khumi, kotero msewu wonyamukira ndege woloza kummawa ungakhale ndi nambala 09, osati 9, kuti uwonetse mutu wonse wa madigiri 090.
Kodi mitundu inayi ya mipata ya ndege ndi iti?
Mitundu inayi ya misewu yonyamukira ndege ndi misewu yowonera, misewu yosalondola ya zida, misewu yolondola ya zida, ndi misewu yokhala ndi njira zolandirira zida (ILS). Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi zizindikiro zapadera ndi zofunikira pakuunikira zomwe zimatsimikizira mawonekedwe ocheperako komanso mikhalidwe ya denga yomwe oyendetsa ndege angatsikemo, ndipo kusiyana kumeneku kumawonetsedwa bwino pazithunzi za eyapoti.
