Lasisin Matukin Jirgin Sama na Sufuri: Cikakken Jagora ga Takaddun Shaidar ATP

Ranar da ka fahimci cewa takardar shaidar kasuwanci ba za ta ɗauke ka aiki a kamfanin jirgin sama ba, ita ce ranar da tsarin aikinka ke buƙatar sake rubutawa. Wannan takardar shaidar tana ba ka damar caji don tashi, amma tana tsayawa a kan titin jirgin sama da ke da muhimmanci. Lasisin Matukin Jirgin Sama shi ne matakin takardar shaidar FAA, kuma ita ce kawai hanyar zuwa wurin hagu na Airbus ko Boeing.

Yawancin matukan jirgi suna ɗaukar ATP a matsayin layin ƙarshe mai nisa maimakon wani abu mai mahimmanci. Suna tara sa'o'i ba tare da tsari ba, sannan su gano buƙatun horo kuma ƙa'idodin hawa jirgin sama suna buƙatar fiye da lokacin tashi.

Wannan labarin ya yi bayani game da abin da ATP ke bayarwa a zahiri, gaskiyar gina sa'a, da kuma hanyar horo da ta kai ka can. A ƙarshe, za ka san ainihin inda kake tsaye da kuma abin da matakinka na gaba zai kashe.

Abin da Lasisin Jirgin Sama Ya Ba da Gaskiya

Lasisin Jirgin Sama na Sufuri shine mafi girman matakin takardar shaidar gwaji da Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama (FAA) ta bayar. Ana buƙatar yin aiki a matsayin matukin jirgin sama ko kuma ya ɗauki fasinjoji da kaya a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 121 Ayyukan kamfanonin jiragen samaWannan bambanci guda ɗaya ya bambanta shi da kowace takardar shaidar da matukin jirgi zai iya riƙewa.

Yana nufin wurin zama na hagu na jirgin Airbus A320 ko Boeing 737. Yana nufin jagorantar jiragen sama da aka tsara don jigilar ɗaruruwan fasinjoji. Takardar shaidar kasuwanci tana ba ku damar caji don umarnin tashi ko ja tutoci. Ba ya sanya ku a matsayin mai kula da jirgin sama.

Nan ne yawancin matukan jirgin sama ba su fahimci takardar shaidar ba. Takardar shaidar ATP a matsayin tsari, akwati da za a duba bayan yin rajistar isassun sa'o'i. Hukumar FAA ta ɗauki hakan a matsayin cikakkiyar sanarwa cewa matukin jirgi ya cancanci ɗaukar babban nauyi a harkar sufurin jiragen sama na kasuwanci. Gibin da ke tsakanin waɗannan ra'ayoyi biyu shine inda ayyuka ke tsayawa.

Makarantun jirgin sama da ke horarwa zuwa wannan matakin sun fahimci ƙalubalen. Kwalejin Jirgin Sama ta Florida Flyers ta gina shirye-shiryenta na aikin jirgin sama bisa ga ƙa'idar ATP, ba a matsayin tunani na baya ba amma a matsayin ƙarshen kowace shawarar horo. Hawan jirgin ba ya ba wa matukan jirgi lada waɗanda kawai suka tara lokacin tashi. Yana ba wa matukan jirgi lada waɗanda za su iya yin aiki.

Rike ATP shine bambanci tsakanin cancantar tashi da kuma amincewa da jagoranci. Wannan amana ita ce ginshiƙin takardar shaidar, kuma shine dalilin da ya sa kamfanonin jiragen sama ke amfani da ita a matsayin babban matattararsu don hukumar gudanarwa.

Wannan ma'anar aiki tana kan teburin ɗaukar ma'aikata. Kamfanonin jiragen sama ba sa karanta littafin tarihin aikinka don tabbatar da cewa ka cika mafi ƙarancin buƙatun aiki. Suna bincika ATP saboda yana matse shekaru na yanke shawara na aiki zuwa wani mizani guda ɗaya da za a iya tabbatarwa. Wannan gajeriyar hanya ita ce dalilin da ya sa kamfanonin jiragen sama na yanki ke lissafa shi a matsayin buƙata mai wahala, ba fifiko ba.

A ɗauki takardar shaidar a matsayin shawarar aiki, ba wani muhimmin ci gaba ba ne da za a jure. Kowace awa da aka shiga zuwa ga ATP ya kamata a yi amfani da ita da la'akari da hukumar gudanarwa. Matukin jirgin da ya gina wannan dabi'a da wuri shi ne wanda ya shiga kujerar hagu ba tare da lokacin canji ba.

Dalilin da yasa ATP shine Rufin Aiki ga Matuƙan Jirgin Sama

Takardar shaidar kasuwanci ita ce inda matukan jirgi ke fara samun kuɗi, amma kuma a nan ne sana'o'i ke tsayawa. Lasisin Jirgin Sama na Sufuri shi ne layin da ke raba matukin jirgi da ke tashi don neman kuɗi daga wanda ke jagorantar jirgin sama, kuma kamfanonin jiragen sama suna ɗaukar wannan bambanci a matsayin kawai abin da ke da mahimmanci.

Kowace shawarar ɗaukar ma'aikata daga kamfanonin jiragen sama tana gudana ta wannan takardar shaidar. Takardar shaidar kasuwanci ta cancanci matukin jirgi ya yi hayar jirgin sama a cikin ƙaramin tagwaye, amma kujerar hagu ta Boeing ko Airbus a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 121 an rufe ta ba tare da ATP ba. hanyar aiki ga matukan jirgi a bayyane yake: takardar shaidar kasuwanci ta ƙunshi biyan kuɗi na jirgin sama, yayin da ATP ta ƙunshi hukumar umarni.

Kamfanonin jiragen sama suna amfani da ATP a matsayin akwati na doka kawai. Yana nuna cewa matukin jirgi ya tsira daga wahalar ƙwarewar jiragen sama, ya wuce ATP CTP, kuma ya nuna hukuncin da ake buƙata don babban alhakin da ke cikin jirgin. Masu ɗaukar ma'aikata suna ganin ATP a matsayin shaida na sadaukarwa, ba kawai bin ƙa'idodi ba. airline pilot requirements.

Nauyin ATP ya wuce abin da FAA ta umarta. Hukumar gudanarwa tana da nauyi mai yawa wanda takardar shaidar kasuwanci ba ta taɓa taɓawa ba. Shawarwarin kyaftin yana ɗaure kamfanin jirgin sama, ma'aikatan jirgin, da kowane fasinja da ke cikin jirgin, kuma ATP ita ce gajeriyar hanyar da masana'antar ke amfani da ita don ɗaukar wannan nauyin.

Ana amincewa da matukan jirgi waɗanda ke da ATP daban-daban. Su ne waɗanda ake kira don tayin haɓakawa, waɗanda ake la'akari da su don matsayin ma'aikacin jirgin sama, waɗanda littattafan tarihinsu ke buɗe ƙofofi waɗanda ke ci gaba da kasancewa a kulle ga kowa. Wannan amincin shine ainihin samfurin takardar shaidar. Gibin da ke tsakanin samun kuɗi da kuma ba da umarni shine inda yawancin ayyukan gwaji ke ƙarewa cikin nutsuwa. ATP shine kawai gada a kan ta.

Dokar Sa'o'i 1,500 da Takamaiman ATP

Dokar sa'o'i 1,500 ita ce inda yawancin tsare-tsaren aiki na gwaji suka kai ga babban ginshiƙinsu na farko. Fahimtar bambanci tsakanin ATP mara iyaka da ɗan uwanta mai iyaka yana ƙayyade ko za ku jira shekaru ko ku tashi a matsayin mataimakin matukin jirgi yayin gina lokaci.

Dalilin da yasa FAA ta kafa matsayin a sa'o'i 1,500

Majalisa ta ba da umarnin a yi aiki na awanni 1,500 bayan hatsarin jirgin saman Colgan Air a shekarar 2009, wanda ya fallasa yadda manyan jiragen sama na yankin suka zama marasa ma'aikata. Wannan lambar guda ɗaya ta sake fasalin dukkan bututun gwaji kuma ya haifar da ƙarancin matukin jirgi wanda kamfanonin jiragen sama na yankin ke ji a yau.

Abin da ATP Mai Iyaka Ya Ba da Dama

A ƙayyadadden gata ATP Ana barin matukin jirgi ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin matukin jirgi kafin ya cika sa'o'i 1,500. Hukumar FAA ta ƙirƙiri wannan hanyar don haka matukan jirgi masu ƙwarewa za su iya fara gina lokacin jirgin sama ba tare da jira ba. Har yanzu kuna buƙatar irin wannan ilimin da aikin duba jirgin, ƙarancin sa'o'i da aka yi rajista.

Wanene Ya Cancanta Don Mafi Karancin Ragewa

Wadanda suka kammala karatun digiri a shirye-shiryen jiragen sama na jami'a da FAA ta amince da su za su iya cancanta a awanni 1,000, yayin da matukan jirgin sama na soja masu ƙwarewa ta musamman za su iya samun ƙarancin ATP a awanni 750. Ba kowace awa tana da muhimmanci daidai ba a idanun FAA, kuma wannan bambancin yana canza yadda ya kamata ku tsara horon ku.

Yadda ATP Mai Iyaka Yake Canza Lokacin Jadawalin Ku

Takardar shaidar da aka takaita ba gajeriyar hanya ce ta umarni ba. Gada ce da ke kai ka wurin da ya dace na jirgin sama yayin da kake ci gaba da tara lokutan da ake buƙata don yin hakan. sami takardar shedar ATP ɗin ku cikakken bayani. Yawancin matukan jirgin da suka bi wannan hanyar suna tashi a matsayin jami'an farko na tsawon shekaru biyu zuwa uku kafin a ɗaukaka su zuwa kyaftin.

Shawarar Gaske Da Yawancin Matuƙan Jirgin Sama Ke Fuskanta

Zaɓi tsakanin jiran ATP mara iyaka ko karɓar wanda aka takaita tambaya ce ta dabarun aiki, ba tambayar horo ba. Hanyar da aka takaita tana sa ka sami albashin kamfanin jirgin sama da wuri, amma tana kulle ka a wurin da ya dace har sai sa'o'i sun taru. Matuƙan jirgin da suka fahimci wannan canjin suna gina lokacin tashi da wuri da niyya maimakon haɗari.

Abin da Ya Kamata a Yi Don Cancanta: Shekaru, Sa'o'i, da Horarwa

Cancanta don lasisin gwajin jirgin sama ya ta'allaka ne akan matakai uku masu wahala: shekaru, ƙwarewar jirgin sama, da kuma kwas ɗin ATP CTP.

• Mafi ƙarancin shekaru. Dole ne ku kasance aƙalla shekaru 23 don samun ATP mara iyaka.
• Jimillar sa'o'in tashi. Hukumar FAA tana buƙatar sa'o'i 1,500 na jimillar lokacin tashi, tare da takamaiman ƙayyadadden lokacin tafiya a tsakanin ƙasa, dare, da yanayin kayan aiki.
• Kammala ATP CTP. Wannan darasin horon ƙasa ya zama dole kafin a zauna don gwajin ATP.
• Lokacin da ake amfani da matukin jirgi. Kuna buƙatar awanni 500 na lokacin tashi a tsakanin ƙasashe, awanni 100 na tashi da dare, da awanni 75 na lokacin kayan kida.
• Hanyar soja. Matuƙan jiragen sama na soja masu ƙwarewa za su iya kauce wa dokar sa'o'i 1,500 gaba ɗaya tare da rage buƙatun sa'o'i.
• Hanyar shiga jami'a. Waɗanda suka kammala karatun digirin jirgin sama da aka amince da su za su iya samun ƙarancin ATP da sa'o'i kaɗan kamar 1,000.
• Jarrabawar rubutu da ta aiki. Cika jarrabawar ilimin ATP da kuma gwajin gwaji shine cikas na ƙarshe.

Bukatun sa'o'i ba na son rai ba ne. Suna wanzuwa ne don tabbatar da cewa matukin jirgin sama yana jagorantar jirgin sama ya ga isasshen yanayi, isasshen filayen jirgin sama, da isassun gaggawa don yanke shawara mai kyau a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. Cimma mafi ƙarancin kuɗi shine abu mafi sauƙi; ingancin waɗannan sa'o'in ya fi muhimmanci fiye da jimlar adadin.

Matuƙan jirgin da ke ɗauke da ATP mara iyaka an ba su izinin yin aiki a matsayin matukin jirgi a cikin jagorancin jiragen sama da aka tsara a ƙarƙashin CFR 14 Kashi na 121 ayyuka. Wannan ikon shari'a shine babban maƙasudin takardar shaidar. Florida Flyers Flight Academy tana ba da ATP CTP kuma tana iya jagorantar matukan jirgi ta hanyar buƙatun horar da matukin jirgi ba tare da zato ba.

Dokar sa'o'i 1,500 ta tace matukan jirgin da suka yi irin wannan tsarin tashi akai-akai. Matukin jirgin da ke da sa'o'i 1,500 na ƙwarewa a kan hanya, da daddare, da kuma kayan aiki daban-daban ba iri ɗaya ba ne da wanda ya tara sa'o'i a kan hanya ɗaya a cikin yanayi ɗaya. Awani wakilci ne na hukunci, kuma hukunci shine abin da gwajin gwaji ke gwadawa.

Tsawon Lokacin Da Tafiya Zuwa ATP Ke Ɗauka

Hanyar da ke tsakanin sa'o'i sifili zuwa wurin zama na hagu ana auna ta ne da shekaru, ba watanni ba. Yawancin matukan jirgi masu burin hawa babu ra'ayin tsakiyar wannan tafiyar, wato tsakanin tafiya ta farko da kuma hanyar da za a bi wajen duba ATP, inda raguwar gudu ke faruwa a hankali. Wannan tsakiyar shine inda take faruwa. Shirin gwaji na jirgin sama na ATP tsari ko dai yana ɗauke da kai ko kuma yana barin ka a fallasa.

Mataki 1. Sami takardar shaidar tuƙi ta sirri. Wannan ita ce ginshiƙin, inda jirgin sama ke daina zama mafarki kuma ya zama ƙwarewa. Ba tare da shi ba, babu wani abu a cikin wannan jerin da ke akwai.

Mataki 2. Ƙara ƙimar kayan aiki. Nan ne matukan jirgi ke koyon amincewa da kayan aiki fiye da yadda ake tsammani, kuma shine matattarar farko ta gaske ga wanda ke cikin kamfanonin jiragen sama. Ka tsallake wannan kuma takardar shaidar kasuwanci da ke biyo baya za ta ji kamar ba ta da amfani.

Mataki 3. Gina zuwa ga takardar shaidar kasuwanci. Wannan takardar shaidar tana ba da damar yin tafiya da sauri, amma muhimmin ci gaba ne, ba wuri ba. Sa'o'in da aka yi rajista a nan sun fi muhimmanci fiye da takardar shaidar kanta, domin suna ciyar da kai tsaye cikin jimillar buƙatun FAA.

Mataki 4. Cikakken horo na injina da yawa. Jiragen sama masu tashi da injina fiye da ɗaya, kuma FAA tana buƙatar ƙwarewa a wannan yanayin. Wannan matakin yana gabatar da nauyin aikin tashi da jirgin sama na gaske.

Mataki 5. Kammala tseren ATP CTP ka kuma duba. Wannan ita ce ƙofar ƙarshe, kuma ita ce wadda mafi yawan matuƙan jirgin sama ba su shirya ba. Wannan kwas ɗin ya ƙunshi gaskiyar aiki na tashi na Sashe na 121, kuma gwajin ya ƙayyade ko FAA ta amince da kai da hukumar gudanarwa.

Makarantun jirgin sama da ke haɗa waɗannan matakai zuwa hanya ɗaya mai ci gaba suna kawar da gogayya ta tsayawa da sake farawa. Kwalejin Jirgin Sama ta Florida Flyers ta gina manhajarta don haka kowane mataki yana ciyar da na gaba, wanda ke hana jadawalin lokaci ya kai shekaru na jira ba tare da aiki ba. Tafiyar tana da tsawo, amma tsarin yana ƙayyade ko layi madaidaiciya ne ko kuma lanƙwasa. Bukatun takardar shaidar ATP matukan jirgi masu bayar da lada waɗanda ke ɗaukar hanyar a matsayin tsari ɗaya maimakon cikas guda biyar daban-daban.

Lasisin ATP da na Kasuwanci: Bambancin Gaskiya

Ba a auna gibin da ke tsakanin takardar shaidar kasuwanci da lasisin matukan jirgin sama a lokutan tashi kawai ba. Ana auna shi ne a cikin ikon jagoranci, kuma wannan bambanci yana ƙayyade ko za ka tashi don rayuwa ko kuma za ka jagoranci jirgin sama.

Takardar shaidar matukin jirgi ta kasuwanci ita ce takardar shaidar farko da ke ba ka damar samun kuɗi a cikin jirgin. Tana ba ka damar ja da baya, koyar da jirgin sama, aikin haya a ƙananan jiragen sama, da sauran ayyukan tashi da ake biyan kuɗi waɗanda ke haɓaka lokaci da ƙwarewa.

Wannan takardar shaidar ta tsaya ne kawai a kan jirgin da ke da muhimmanci. Matuƙan jiragen sama na kasuwanci ba za su iya zama kyaftin a cikin jiragen sama da aka tsara ba, kuma ba za su iya tashi da fasinjoji ko kaya a ƙarƙashin ayyukan Sashe na 121 ba. Ana aiwatar da dokar hana zirga-zirga a kowace jirgi.

ATP yana cire wannan rufin. Yana riƙe da sigina ga kamfanin jirgin sama cewa kun cika mafi girman ƙa'idar FAA don ilimin sararin samaniya, yanke shawara, da ƙwarewar umarni. Takardar shaidar da ke sanya ku a kujerar hagu na Airbus ko Boeing, ba kujerar dama ta Cessna ba.

Bambancin horon yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Takardar shaidar kasuwanci tana buƙatar daidaiton tashi da kuma ƙwarewar dabarun aiki. ATP tana buƙatar shugabanci a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, kula da albarkatun ma'aikata, da kuma yanke hukunci kan yin kiraye-kiraye da suka shafi ɗaruruwan rayuka. Shi ya sa kamfanonin jiragen sama ke ɗaukar ATP a matsayin tushen hukumar gudanarwa.

Domin fara aikin gwaji, zaɓin ba abu ne mai wahala ba. Samun kuɗi yana buƙatar takardar shaidar matukin jirgi na kasuwanci, amma jagorantar jirgin sama yana buƙatar ATP. Na farko yana biyan kuɗi yayin da kake ci gaba zuwa ga na biyu, na biyu kuma yana ƙayyade aiki.

Tambayar a zahiri ba wai ko za ka iya tashi da kyau don ka wuce gwajin gwaji ba ne. Tambayar ita ce ko kana son yin alƙawarin yin horo, sa'o'i, da kuma alhakin da ke raba lasisin gwaji da takardar shaidar aiki. Wannan alƙawarin shine babban bambanci.

EASA da Tsarin ATPL na Duniya

ATP na FAA takardar shaidar ƙasa ce. EASA ATPL fasfo ne da ke aiki a ƙasashe da dama. Wannan bambancin guda ɗaya yana sake fasalin yadda matukan jirgin sama na ƙasashen duniya ke tsara dukkan ayyukansu.

A jihohin EASA da Burtaniya, an yi amfani da maganin ATPL shine mafi girman matakin takardar shaidar matukin jirgin sama. Tsarin yana buƙatar jarrabawa goma sha huɗu a rubuce, gwajin jirgin sama, da kuma ko dai hanyar horo ta zamani ko ta hade. Horarwa ta zamani yana ba ku damar gina sa'o'i yayin aiki. Shirye-shiryen da aka haɗa suna matse komai cikin tsari ɗaya.

Tambayar juyawa ita ce ta mamaye tsarin kowace matukin jirgi na duniya. Matukin jirgi mai riƙe da ATP na FAA zai iya canzawa zuwa EASA, amma tsarin ya ƙunshi duba bashi, ƙarin jarrabawa, da gwaje-gwajen tashi. Juyawar hanya ma tana aiki, duk da haka babu ɗayan hanyar da ke aiki ta atomatik. Canza lasisi tattaunawa ce tsakanin tsarin dokoki guda biyu, ba tsarin takardu ba.

Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ɗaliban ƙasashen waje da yawa ke fara samun horo a Amurka. Lasisin ATP a Amurka Yana buɗe ƙofofi ga kamfanonin jiragen sama na yankin Amurka, inda awanni ke ƙaruwa da sauri. Waɗannan lokutan suna komawa ga buƙatun sauya sheka na EASA. Dabarun yana ƙirƙirar hanyar aiki wadda ba kasafai ake samun horo a cikin gida ba.

Kwalejin Jirgin Sama ta Florida Flyers tana gudanar da horo na musamman na EASA ATPL don wannan gada. Matukan jirgin sama na ƙasashen duniya suna kammala horon FAA, suna yin sa'o'in ginawa a tsarin Amurka, kuma suna komawa gida da takaddun shaida. Tsarin tsarin yana ba su damar hanzarta jarrabawar EASA dangane da jadawalin tashi.

Jadawalin canzawa yana da mahimmanci fiye da yadda yawancin matukan jirgi ke tsammani. Canza FAA zuwa EASA na iya ɗaukar watanni na tsara jarrabawa da kuma duba rajista. Fara takardu da wuri yana canza komai.

Shigar da takardar neman tabbatar da takardar shaidar aiki kafin fara horo, ba bayan kammala horo ba. Jerin tantancewa kadai zai iya jinkirta aiki ta hanyar cikakken zagayen daukar ma'aikata. Wannan jinkirin ya jawo wa matukan jirgi masu cancantar shiga aji na farko a kamfanin jirgin sama.

Matakin da zai biyo baya zuwa ga kujerar hagu

Lasisin Jirgin Sama shine dalilin da ya sa ake samun shekarun niƙa da kuma duba abubuwan hawa. Kowace sa'ar tashi da ka yi rajista daga wannan lokacin zuwa gaba tana ginawa zuwa ga wannan takardar shaidar ko lokacin yin alama. Bambancin naka ne da za ka yi.

Zabar wani Makarantar gwajin ATP Tare da tsari mai kyau, hanyar tana canza yadda mataki na gaba na aikinka yake. Matuƙan jirgin sama waɗanda ke ɗaukar ATP a matsayin wani muhimmin mataki na nesa suna jiran dama. Matuƙan jirgin sama waɗanda ke ɗaukarsa a matsayin abin da za a iya bayarwa na gaba ana ɗaukar su aiki a kujerar hagu maimakon kallonsa yana tafiya ga wani.

Yi kimanta littafin tarihin rayuwarka bisa ga buƙatun yau. Zaɓi hanyar horo da za ta rufe gibin da sauri. Fara ATP CTP, kammala gwajin, sannan ka bar aikin kyaftin na gaba ya same ka a shirye.