Bukatun takardar shaidar matukin jirgi na jigilar jiragen sama da lokutan tashi

ATP ita ce mafi girman matakin takardar shaidar matukin jirgi a Amurka, kuma cika buƙatun takardar shaidar matukin jirgi na sufurin jiragen sama yana nufin fiye da isa jimlar sa'a guda. Don buƙatun ƙwarewar rukuni na jirgin sama na yau da kullun, Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya tana buƙatar sa'o'i 1,500 na jimlar lokacin matukin jirgi, tare da takamaiman ƙwarewa a fannoni kamar tashi a ƙetaren ƙasa da lokacin matukin jirgi. Takamaiman hanyoyin ATP na iya samun buƙatun sa'a da shekaru daban-daban ga masu neman cancanta.

Matsakaicin lokacin tashi wani ɓangare ne kawai na buƙatun takardar shaidar matukin jirgin sama, don haka abu ne mai sauƙi a yi mamakin wace hanya ce ta dace da kai. Wannan jagorar ta bayyana abin da takardar shaidar ATP ta ba da dama, ƙa'idodin sa'o'in tashi na yau da kullun da ƙa'idodi, da takaddun shaida, ƙima, horo, da gwaje-gwajen da masu nema ke buƙata. Hakanan yana nuna yadda waɗannan buƙatun suka dace da ci gaban zuwa jirgin sama na ƙwararru.

Menene Takaddun Shaidar Matukin Jirgin Sama (ATP)?

Takardar shaidar ATP ita ce mafi girman matakin Amurka takardar shaidar matukin jirgiYana ba matukan jirgi damar yin ayyukan da ke buƙatar damar ATP, gami da yin aiki a matsayin kyaftin na kamfanin jirgin sama da aka tsara a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 121. matukin jirgi na sufuri Bukatun takardar shaida sun ƙunshi fiye da lokacin tashi da aka tara: masu nema dole ne su cika ƙwarewa, ilimi, horo, da ƙa'idodin gwaji. Riƙe takardar shaidar yana tabbatar da cancanta, amma ba ya tabbatar da aiki ko ba da izinin matukin jirgi ya sarrafa kowane jirgin sama.

Masu nema dole ne su kammala matakan takaddun shaida masu dacewa don nau'in su, ajinsu, da ƙimar su. Bukatun takardar shaidar matukin jirgin sama sun haɗa da cin jarrabawar ilimi mai dacewa da kuma nuna ƙwarewa a gwajin aiki. Bayanan gogewa dole ne su cika takamaiman nau'ikan sa'o'in tashi da suka dace. Misali, masu neman nau'in jirgin sama na yau da kullun suna buƙatar awanni 50 a cikin ajin jirgin sama don ƙimar da ake nema. Wannan ƙwarewar takamaiman ajin wani ɓangare ne na babban tarihin jirgin sama.

Ga masu neman takardar shaidar ATP mai injinan jirgin sama masu yawa, ana buƙatar Shirin Horar da Takaddun Shaidar ATP, ko ATP CTP. A ƙarƙashin Dokar Lantarki ta Dokokin Tarayya, masu neman takardar shaidar ATP mai injinan jirgin sama na Amurka ko ƙimar nau'in jirgin sama mai injinan da yawa a lokaci guda dole ne su kammala ATP CTP kafin su nemi gwajin ilimi. Bi tsarin: kammala horon, sannan su nemi gwajin. Wannan horon yana gabatar da ra'ayoyin aikin jirgin sama kafin masu neman aiki su nuna iliminsu.

ATP CTP ya haɗu da ƙwarewar koyo a aji da kuma kwaikwayon kwaikwayo. Darasin ya haɗa da awanni 30 na koyarwa a makarantar ƙasa da awanni 10 na lokacin kwaikwayon kwaikwayo. Darussansa suna shirya masu nema don aiki inda ƙa'idodi ke buƙatar ATP, gami da buƙatun yanke shawara na jirgin sama mai ɗaukar kaya. Yawancin darussa na ATP CTP suna ɗaukar kwanaki biyar. Kammalawa ya cika buƙatun shirin horo, amma ba ya maye gurbin gwajin ilimi, gwajin aiki, ko wasu ƙa'idodin cancanta. Kowane buƙata yana da takamaiman rawa a cikin takaddun shaida.

Takardar shaidar ATP kuma tana kawo nauyin ƙwararru fiye da cin jarrabawa. Dole ne matukan jirgin sama su yi amfani da hanyoyin aiki, su kula da nauyin aiki, su yi magana da ma'aikatan jirgin, kuma su yanke shawara mai kyau a duk lokacin da suke tashi. Matuƙan jirgin ATP suna yin horo akai-akai, duba ƙwarewa, da duba layi don kiyaye kuɗi. Waɗannan kimantawa suna tantance aiki a yanayin aiki, ba wai kawai ilimin da aka nuna a lokacin takardar shaidar farko ba. ATP ƙwarewa ce ta ci gaba, yayin da horo da duba ci gaba ke taimakawa wajen kiyaye shirye-shiryen ayyukan da aka ba su.

Bukatun lokacin tashi na ATP

Cancanta ga ATP ya dogara ne da shekaru, jimillar lokacin tashi, da kuma gogewa a wasu nau'ikan. Ga masu neman jirgin sama, hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita ta ƙayyade ƙayyadadden lokacin wucewa ta ƙasa, lokacin da ake amfani da jirgin sama, dare, da lokacin da ake amfani da shi wajen aiki.

Mafi ƙarancin shekaru da buƙatun lokacin tashi

Tsarin ƙwarewar ATP na yau da kullun yana buƙatar masu nema su cika mafi ƙarancin shekaru da cikakkun iyakokin sa'o'in tashi. A cewar Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya, masu neman aiki waɗanda ke amfani da ƙa'idodin ƙwarewa na yau da kullun don ƙimar jirgin sama, rotorcraft, ko powered-lif dole ne su kasance aƙalla shekaru 23. Ga ATP na rukunin jiragen sama na Amurka, Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya ta saita sa'o'i 1,500 na jimlar lokacin matukin jirgi. Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda jimlar lokaci kaɗai ba za ta iya tabbatar da cancanta ba; dole ne a cika kowane nau'in ƙwarewar da ake buƙata.

Bukatun Lokacin Tashi na Ƙasashen Waje

Lokacin ƙetare ƙasa ƙwarewa ce ta tashi tsakanin filayen jirgin sama wanda ke da ƙima ga mafi ƙarancin ATP daban. A cewar Hukumar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya, masu neman aiki waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin ƙa'idar ATP ta sa'o'i 500 na lokacin ƙetare ƙasa. Tsarin ƙwarewar da aka saba amfani da shi yana buƙatar awanni 250 a matsayin matukin jirgi a cikin shugabanci, tare da aƙalla awanni 100 na lokacin ƙetare ƙasa a cikin ƙwarewar da ake buƙata ta matukin jirgi a cikin umarni ko kuma ƙwarewar da ta cancanta ta sa ido a kan na biyu. Bi diddigin waɗannan rukunoni daban-daban a cikin littafin tarihin ku, saboda jirgin sama ɗaya zai iya cancanta don fiye da rukuni ɗaya kawai lokacin da ya cika sharuɗɗan kowane rukuni.

Rage Lokacin Tashi

Takamaiman hanyoyin ATP na iya rage jimlar lokacin aiki na sa'o'i ga masu neman shiga jami'ar soja da ta jirgin sama. Wanda ya kammala karatunsa na shekaru huɗu a kwalejin jirgin sama zai iya cancanta da sa'o'i 1,000, a cewar Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya; wanda ya kammala karatunsa na kwalejin jirgin sama na shekaru biyu zai iya cancanta da sa'o'i 1,250. Matuƙan jirgin sama na soja na iya cancanta don ATP mai iyaka tare da sa'o'i 750. Waɗannan madadin suna da takamaiman sharuɗɗan cancanta, don haka tarihin horo da hanyar da ta dace suna ƙayyade wace iyaka ce ta dace.

Bayanin ƙwarewar jirgin sama na yau da kullun ya ƙunshi fiye da jimillar lokaci da kuma lokacin da ake yi a tsakanin ƙasashe. Hakanan ya haɗa da awanni 100 na lokacin dare da awanni 75 na lokacin kayan aiki. Masu nema na iya buƙatar cika wani ɓangare na jirgin sama na dare a cikin buƙatun ƙwarewa da ya dace. Tashi da dare da suka cancanta da kuma sauka a tasha na iya maye gurbin lokacin tashi da dare, gwargwadon iyawar da ta dace. Yin rikodin kowane rukuni daidai yana taimakawa wajen gano gibin da ke gaban matakin aikace-aikacen.

Kiredit ɗin simulator yana da iyaka da aka ƙayyade a cikin lissafin ƙwarewar rukuni na jirgin sama. Ba za a iya samun fiye da sa'o'i 100 daga na'urar horar da jirgin sama ko cikakken jirgin sama mai cancanta ba. Wannan iyaka yana nufin ƙwarewar simulator za ta iya ba da gudummawa, amma ba za ta iya maye gurbin ƙwarewar jirgin da ake buƙata ba tare da ƙuntatawa ba. Duba kowane shigarwar da aka yi rajista don matsayin rukuni da na'urar horo, sannan a kwatanta jimillar tare da hanyar da kuke niyyar amfani da ita.

Cimma sa'o'i wani ɓangare ne kawai na nuna ƙwarewar jirgin sama. Masu neman ATP dole ne su ci jarrabawar aiki wadda ta shafi fannonin aiki da suka dace a ƙarƙashin 14 CFR § 61.157(e). Jarabawar tana kimanta aiki ga rukuni da aji da ake nema, yayin da bayanan sa'o'in tashi suka kafa gogewa a baya. Saboda haka, shirin shiri mai amfani ya kamata ya magance duka sarrafa jiragen sama da ilimin aiki da ake buƙata, ba kawai sa'o'in da suka rage a cikin littafin rajista ba.

A tsarin horar da jirgin sama da aka tsara zai iya taimaka maka ginawa da kuma yin rikodin ƙwarewa a cikin nau'ikan da ake buƙata.

An iyakance cancantar ATP

Cancanta ga FAA ya dogara ne da hanyar takardar shaidar, shekaru, ƙwarewar jirgin sama, da kuma cancantar tallafi. ATP mai iyaka, ko R-ATP, yana ba matukan jirgi masu cancanta damar yin aiki tare da takamaiman gata kafin su cika ƙa'idodin ATP na yau da kullun.

Domin samun cancantar shiga ATP na yau da kullun, masu nema dole ne su cika shekaru da buƙatun ƙwarewar jirgin sama, su riƙe takardun shaidar matukin jirgi da ake buƙata, sannan su ci jarabawa ta ilimi da aiki. Masu neman cancantar shiga rukunin jiragen sama na iya cancanta da ƙarancin sa'o'in tashi, amma takardar shaidarsu ta iyakance gata ga matukin jirgi.

Shekaru da buƙatun likita sun dogara ne akan gata da ake nema: hanyar ƙwarewa ta yau da kullun tana buƙatar shekaru 23, yayin da masu neman aiki na rukuni na jirgin sama masu iyaka za su iya neman aiki tun suna da shekaru 21. Ana buƙatar takardar shaidar likita ta aji na farko don yin aiki a matsayin matukin jirgi a cikin umarni, kuma ana buƙatar takardar shaidar likita ta aji na biyu don yin aiki a matsayin na biyu a cikin umarni; masu nema kuma suna buƙatar ƙwarewar sadarwa ta Ingilishi don ayyukan jirgin sama.

Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya ta ce wanda ya kammala karatunsa na kwalejin jiragen sama na shekaru huɗu zai iya cancantar samun takardar shaidar R-ATP da sa'o'i 1,000. Wanda ya kammala karatunsa na kwalejin jiragen sama na shekaru biyu zai iya cancanta da sa'o'i 1,250, a cewar Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya. Waɗannan ƙa'idodi suna samuwa ne kawai idan mai nema ya cika sharuɗɗan ilimi, kwasa-kwasan aiki, da horo.

Cancanta ga digiri yana da alaƙa da aikin koyon tukin jirgin sama, ba wai kawai mallakar difloma ba. Digirin farko na tukin jirgin sama wanda ya cancanci yana buƙatar sa'o'i 60 na darasin tukin jirgin sama da na jirgin sama; digirin abokin hulɗa wanda ya cancanta yana buƙatar aƙalla sa'o'i 30 na darasin tukin. Waɗanda suka kammala karatun digiri na farko waɗanda suka sami aƙalla maki 30 amma ƙasa da maki 60 na cancanta na iya cancanta da jimillar sa'o'in tashi 1,250, bisa ga yanayin horon da ya dace.

Horar da sojoji yana ba da wata hanya mai iyaka. Matuƙan jiragen sama na soja na iya cancanta da awanni 750, kuma masu neman horon soja na iya amfani da buƙatar sa'o'i 200 na ƙetare ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tanadin R-ATP mai dacewa. Hanawar gabaɗaya tana iyakance ikon mai riƙewa na yin aiki a matsayin matukin jirgi a cikin takamaiman ayyuka har sai an cika shekarun da ake buƙata da yanayin ƙwarewa. Takardar shaidar tana ɗauke da iyakancewar "An takaita bisa ga 14 CFR 61.167."

Ga masu neman shiga jirgin sama mai injina da yawa, R-ATP ba ya yin watsi da buƙatun horo, gwaji, ko ƙima da suka dace. Dole ne masu nema su cancanci ta hanyar da aka amince da ita kuma su cika buƙatun ƙwarewa don nau'in jirgin sama da ƙimar da ake nema. Lasisin matukin jirgin sama na ƙasashen waje tare da haƙƙin kayan aiki shi ma zaɓi ne na cancanta.

Tsarin aikace-aikacen yana bin tsari da aka ƙayyade: ƙayyade hanyar da aka ƙayyade ko ta ƙayyadadden hanya; haɗa takaddun shaida na matukin jirgi, ƙima, bayanan jirgin sama, da takaddun ilimi; kammala horon da ake buƙata; gabatar da Takaddun Shaidar Ma'aikatan Jiragen Sama da/ko Aikace-aikacen Ƙimar, Form 8710-1; sannan ku wuce ilimin da gwaje-gwajen aiki da suka dace. Jerin yana da mahimmanci saboda dole ne a sanya abubuwan da ake buƙata na horo da shaidar cancanta kafin yanke shawarar takardar shaidar.

Takaddun shaida da ƙimar gwaji da ake buƙata

Aikace-aikacen ATP ya ginu ne akan cancantar matukin jirgi na baya: takardar shaidar matukin jirgi na kasuwanci da kuma ƙimar kayan aiki. Waɗannan takaddun shaida suna kafa harsashin tukin jirgin sama na ƙwararru, yayin da ATP ke nuna cancantar yin manyan ayyuka na matukin jirgi. Digiri ba zai iya maye gurbin kowane takardar shaidar ba. Masu nema dole ne su cika buƙatun ƙwarewa da gwaji don rukuni, aji, da ƙimar da ake nema.

Takardar shaidar matukin jirgi na kasuwanci da kuma ƙimar kayan aiki suna aiki da manufofi daban-daban. Takardar shaidar kasuwanci tana ba da damar a biya matukin jirgi kuɗin tashi, yayin da ake buƙatar takardar shaidar ATP don ayyukan matukin jirgi na jirgin sama da wasu ayyuka. Ƙimar kayan aiki tana ba da damar kayan aiki. Waɗannan takaddun shaida suna samar da tushe ga aikace-aikacen ATP, amma ba sa maye gurbin horo na musamman na ATP, ƙwarewar tashi, ko gwaji.

Rukuni da aji suna tantance waɗanne gata da gogewa ne suka shafi jirgin sama. Ƙimar ATP da ake nema dole ne ta yi daidai da nau'in jirgin sama da aji da mai nema ya yi niyya. Ga masu neman jirgin sama, aji na iya zama injina ɗaya ko injina da yawa; hanyar injina da yawa tana da ƙarin buƙatun horo. Duba cewa takaddun shaida da ƙimar da ke cikin bayanan gwajin ku sun dace da aikace-aikacen ATP, tunda ƙwarewa a cikin wani aji daban bazai cika ƙa'idodin aji na musamman ba.

• Takardar shaidar gwajin kasuwanci: Takardar shaidar asali ga matukan jirgi waɗanda ke da niyyar samun kuɗi a jirgin sama.
• Ƙimar kayan aiki: Matsayin da ake buƙata ya haɗu da takardar shaidar gwajin kasuwanci ga masu neman ATP.
• Nau'in ATP da ƙimar aji: Dole ne haƙƙin takardar shaidar da ake nema ya dace da nau'in jirgin sama da ajinsa.
• Matsayin nau'in jirgin sama: Ana buƙatar wata takardar sheda ta daban don tuƙa kowace babbar jirgi ko jirgin sama mai amfani da jiragen sama.

Kwarewa ta musamman ga aji tana da mahimmanci. Masu neman aiki waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin buƙatun sa'o'in tashi na ATP dole ne su sami sa'o'i 50 a cikin aji na jirgin sama don ƙimar da ake nema. Wannan yana nufin matukin jirgi wanda ke bin ƙimar injuna da yawa na jirgin sama yana buƙatar lokacin cancanta a cikin wannan aji, maimakon dogara kawai da jimillar lokaci a cikin wani aji. Matsakaicin sa'o'i 50 wani ɓangare ne na tarihin ƙwarewar jiragen sama, ba madadin sauran rukunansa ba.

Masu neman injuna da yawa suma suna da buƙatar koyarwa mai zurfi game da jiragen sama. Masu neman takardar shaidar ATP tare da ƙimar aji na injuna da yawa na jirgin sama, ko kuma ƙimar nau'in jirgin sama da yawa a lokaci guda, dole ne su sami aƙalla awanni 14 na koyarwa kan ayyukan jiragen sama. Wannan horon yana magance yanayin aiki da ke bayan ƙimar. Ba ya maye gurbin gwajin aiki na ATP ko gwajin ilimin da ake buƙata.

Ana iya yin gwajin aiki na FAA a cikin jirgin sama mai sauƙi na piston, amma wucewa shi kaɗai ba ya ba matukin jirgi izinin sarrafa kowane jirgin sama. Ana buƙatar ƙimar nau'in don tuƙa kowace babban jirgin sama ko mai amfani da jet. Takaddun shaida, ƙimar aji, da ƙimar nau'in da ya dace suna aiki daban-daban: ATP yana kafa matakin takardar shaidar, aji yana gano haƙƙin jiragen sama, kuma ƙimar nau'in ta cancanci matukin jirgi don takamaiman nau'in jirgin sama.

Gwajin ilimin sararin samaniya da ilimi

Takaddun shaida na ATP yana gwada ilimin sararin samaniya ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje daban-daban na rubutu da aiki. Shirya don ƙimar da ake buƙata, saboda gwaje-gwajen injina ɗaya da injina da yawa sun bambanta.

Ilimin Aeronautical

Ilimin sararin samaniya shine fahimtar batutuwa na jiragen sama da ake buƙata don amfani da damar ATP cikin aminci da ƙwarewa. Hukumar FAA ta gano fannoni na ilimi masu dacewa a cikin 14 CFR § 61.155(c), tana mai da waɗannan batutuwa tsarin shirye-shiryen gwaji na rubutu. Haɗa kowane batu da shawarwarin aiki, kamar kimanta bayanai game da yanayi, sarrafa aikin jiragen sama, da kuma amfani da hanyoyin aiki. Wannan hanyar tana gina ilimi don jarrabawa da kuma nauyin aikin kamfanin jirgin sama.

Gwajin Ilimi na ATP

Jarrabawar ilimin ATP jarrabawa ce ta rubutu wadda ke tantance fannonin ilimin sararin samaniya da suka dace da takardar shaidar da ake nema. Jarrabawar injina da yawa ta jirgin sama ta ƙunshi tambayoyi 130 masu zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa, yayin da jarrabawar injina ɗaya ta jirgin sama ta ƙunshi 95. Masu nema dole ne su sami aƙalla maki 70%. Gano gwajin da ya dace don ƙimar da aka yi niyya yana da mahimmanci, saboda shirya don nau'in ko aji mara kyau na iya barin gibi a cikin ilimin da ake buƙata.

Ga takardar shaidar ATP mai injinan jirgin sama mai yawa, dole ne shirin horar da takardar shaida ya zo kafin neman gwajin ilimi. Dokar Ka'idojin Tarayya ta Lantarki ta buƙaci masu neman takardar shaidar ATP mai injinan jirgin sama na Amurka ko kuma ƙimar nau'in jirgin sama mai injinan da yawa a lokaci guda don kammala shirin horar da takardar shaidar ATP da ake buƙata kafin neman gwajin ilimi. Mai nema ya kamata ya yi amfani da kwas ɗin don gano wuraren ilimi masu rauni, sannan ya sake duba waɗannan batutuwan bisa ga ƙa'idodin FAA da suka dace. Kwarewar jirgin sama na soja ko littafin tarihi da ke nuna sa'o'i 500 ba zai maye gurbin waɗannan matakan jarrabawa ba.

Gwaje-gwajen rubutu da na aiki suna auna iyawa daban-daban. Gwajin ilimi yana kimanta fahimtar sararin samaniya, yayin da gwajin aiki yana tantance aiki a fannonin aiki da suka dace a ƙarƙashin 14 CFR § 61.157(e). Gwajin aiki ya shafi nau'in da ƙimar aji da ake nema. Saboda haka, shiri ya kamata ya haɗa da nazari mai tsari da ƙwarewa ta musamman ga jiragen sama, tare da mai da hankali kan ƙa'idodin da suka dace da takardar shaidar da mai nema ya nufa.

Kuɗaɗen horo na ATP CTP, jarrabawar rubutu, da kuma kuɗin da ake kashewa wajen ɗaukar fasinjoji sun bambanta dangane da yanayin da ake ciki. Kuɗaɗen sun dogara ne da abubuwan da suka shafi tsarin kwas, gudanar da gwaji, jirgin sama, da kuma kuɗin da mai jarrabawa ke kashewa.

Kafin a yi gwaji, a shirya kayan karatu a fannonin ilimi da kimantawa da suka dace. Misali, mai neman injina da yawa ya kamata ya shirya don gwajin tambayoyi 130 sannan ya tsara daban don kimantawa ta aiki. Yin la'akari da kowane muhimmin mataki a matsayin buƙatar takaddun shaida na musamman yana taimaka wa masu nema su gudanar da aikin da kuma gano abin da ya rage kafin su sami takardar shaidar ATP.

Makarantar Jiragen Sama ta Amurka: Shirin Aiki Mai Inganci na Farashi

Shirin Aiki na Makarantar Jiragen Sama ta Amurka mai Inganci-Farashi yana ba da hanya mai ma'ana ga ƙwararrun matukan jirgi waɗanda ke tsara ci gaban horonsu. Zai iya dacewa da ɗalibai taswira takardar shaida da kuma kimanta maƙasudai zuwa ga tashi daga jirgin sama waɗanda ke son shirin da aka tsara don tallafawa wannan burin.

Matakin da za ku ɗauka na gaba ya dogara ne da takaddun shaida na yanzu, ƙwarewar jirgin sama, da kuma hanyar cancanta. Idan kuna aiki don samun cancantar ATP, ku yi la'akari da yadda horon jirgin sama mai mayar da hankali kan aiki ya dace tare da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata, gwaji, da ƙima. Shirin Shirye-shiryen Jiragen Sama na Makarantar Flight School USA yana tallafawa ɗalibai don shirya don jiragen sama na kasuwanci, kuma GI Bill Flight Training yana ba wa tsoffin sojoji masu cancanta horon jirgin sama.

Tuntuɓi Makarantar Jiragen Sama ta Amurka don tattauna Shirin Aiki Mai Inganci na Farashi da kuma yadda ya dace da manufofin horon matukan jirgi.

Sanya Tsarin Aikinka na ATP Ya Ci Gaba

Maida manufofin takaddun shaida zuwa tsarin horo bayyananne. Yi taswirar sauran muhimman abubuwan da suka faru dangane da cancantar ku ta yanzu, gogewar ku, da kuma hanyar aikin da aka nufa, sannan ku zaɓi horon da zai tallafa wa waɗannan muhimman abubuwan. Tsarin da aka tsara ya haɗa kowace shawara da rawar da kuke takawa a fannin sana'a.

Makarantar Jirgin Sama ta Amurka tana ba da Shirin Aiki Mai Inganci-Farashi, Shirin Sauri na CFI, da Horar da Jirgin Sama na GI Bill. Yi la'akari da wanne tayin ya fi dacewa da hanyarka ta zuwa jirgin sama da kuma matakin horonka na yanzu. Fahimtar buƙatun takardar shaidar matukin jirgin sama wuri ne mai ƙarfi na farawa; shiri mai zurfi da horo mai ma'ana yana taimakawa wajen isar da wannan ilimin zuwa ga shawarwarin aiki na gaba.

Tuntuɓi Makarantar Jirgin Sama ta Amurka a yau don tattauna manufofin horar da jiragen sama da kuma hanyar da kake son bi. Ɗauki mataki na gaba da hankali, kuma ci gaba da gina makomarka a fannin sufurin jiragen sama na ƙwararru.

Tambayoyin da

Menene Takaddar ATP?

Takardar shaidar matukan jirgin sama ta Airline Transport ita ce mafi girman matakin takardar shaidar matukan jirgin sama ta Amurka kuma tana da cancantar matukan jirgi don ayyukan da ke buƙatar damar ATP. Takardar shaida ce, kodayake mutane wani lokacin suna kiranta da lasisin ATP. Takardar shaidar kaɗai ba ta ba wa matukin jirgi izinin sarrafa kowane jirgin sama ba: matukin jirgin dole ne ya riƙe nau'in, aji, da ƙimar nau'in da ya dace. Misali, tashi da babban jirgin sama ko mai amfani da jiragen sama yana buƙatar ƙimar nau'in da ya dace.

Menene buƙatun sa'ar tashi don samun takardar shaidar ATP?

Ga tsarin da aka saba amfani da shi a fannin jirgin sama, masu nema suna buƙatar jimillar sa'o'in matukin jirgi 1,500 da kuma ƙwarewar cancanta a fannoni daban-daban. Wannan ya haɗa da sa'o'i 500 na ƙetare ƙasa, sa'o'i 250 a matsayin matukin jirgi a cikin shugabanci, sa'o'i 100 na dare, da sa'o'i 75 na kayan aiki. Jimlar littafin rajista shi kaɗai ba ya nuna ko an cika kowace buƙata. Shirya shigarwa ta rukuni kuma a tabbatar an rubuta ajin jiragen sama, ayyukan dare, ƙwarewar kayan aiki, da jiragen ƙasa daidai.

Menene R-ATP idan aka kwatanta da ATP License?

R-ATP takardar shaidar matukan jirgin sama ce mai lasisin jigilar kaya tare da takamaiman gata, ba lasisi daban ba. Masu neman cancanta na iya cancanta tare da ƙarancin sa'o'in tashi ta hanyar takamaiman hanyoyin soja ko na kwaleji. Takaddar ta shafi ayyukan da aka yarda da matukin jirgin: mai riƙe da R-ATP zai iya zama mataimakin matukin jirgi har sai ya cika shekaru da sharuɗɗan ƙwarewa don gata mara iyaka. Takaddar tana ɗauke da iyakancewar "An takaita bisa ga 14 CFR 61.167."

Sa'o'i nawa ake buƙata don takardar shaidar ATP a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 61?

Ga tsarin da aka saba amfani da shi a fannin jirgin sama, jimillar buƙatun shine sa'o'in gwaji 1,500, tare da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata a takamaiman nau'ikan jirgin sama. Kayayyakin cancantar FAA sun shafi masu neman aiki waɗanda ke aiki a ƙarƙashin 14 CFR Sashe na 61 ko Sashe na 141. Dokar horarwa ba ta sa nau'ikan ƙwarewar su zama masu canzawa ba: masu nema har yanzu suna buƙatar yin rikodin ƙwarewar da ake buƙata ta ƙetare ƙasa, matukin jirgi, dare, kayan aiki, da kuma ƙwarewar aji na jirgin sama da ta shafi takardar shaidarsu da ƙimarsu.

Menene ƙa'idodin ATP (R-ATP) da aka ƙayyade da kuma ƙa'idodin cancanta?

Mafi ƙarancin sa'o'in R-ATP ya dogara da cancantar mai nema. Wanda ya kammala karatunsa a kwalejin sufurin jiragen sama na shekaru huɗu zai iya cancanta da sa'o'i 1,000, yayin da wanda ya kammala karatunsa a kwalejin sufurin jiragen sama na shekaru biyu zai iya cancanta da sa'o'i 1,250, a cewar Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya. Hanyoyin soja kuma na iya ba da damar rage sa'o'i. Dole ne masu nema su cika yanayin ilimi, kwas ɗin aiki, horo, shekaru, da gogewa; ƙananan ƙa'idodi ba sa cire ƙuntatawa ta aiki ta takardar shaidar.

Wadanne gwaje-gwajen ilimi na rubutu da gwaje-gwajen aiki ake buƙata don takardar shaidar ATP?

Masu nema dole ne su ci jarrabawar ilimin ATP da kuma jarrabawar aiki don takardar shaidar da ƙimar da ake nema. Jarrabawar ilimin injina da yawa ta jirgin sama tana da tambayoyi 130 masu zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa; jarrabawar injina ɗaya ta jirgin sama tana da 95. Maki na wucewa shine aƙalla 70%. Jarrabawar aiki tana kimanta fannoni masu dacewa na aiki don rukuni da aji da ake nema, don haka masu nema ya kamata su shirya don takamaiman ƙimar maimakon ɗaukar ɗayan jarrabawar a matsayin jarrabawar gwaji ta gabaɗaya.

Wane kwas ɗin ATP-CTP ake buƙata kafin gwajin ilimin ATP mai injina da yawa?

Masu neman takardar shaidar ATP mai injinan jirgin sama masu yawa, ko kuma ƙimar nau'in jirgin sama mai yawa a lokaci guda, dole ne su kammala Shirin Horar da Takaddun Shaida na ATP da ake buƙata kafin su nemi gwajin ilimi, bisa ga Dokar Lantarki ta Dokokin Tarayya. ATP-CTP ya ƙunshi sa'o'i 30 na koyarwa a ƙasa da sa'o'i 10 na lokacin simulator. Kammalawa ya cika sharadin horo; masu nema dole ne su ci gaba da yin gwajin ilimi da gwajin aiki.

Ta yaya sa'o'in jirgin sama na soja, jami'a, da ƙasashen waje ke da alaƙa da buƙatun ATP?

Tarihin soja da na kwaleji na iya cancantar masu neman shiga hanyoyin da aka takaita tare da ƙarancin sa'o'i, muddin sun cika sharuɗɗan da suka dace. Dole ne a rubuta ƙwarewar ƙasashen waje: Makarantar Firamare ta Amurka ta amince da lokacin tashi da ICAO ta yi tare da tabbatar da FAA. Lasisin matukin jirgin sama na ƙasashen waje tare da haƙƙin kayan aiki shi ma zaɓi ne na cancantar ATP. Ajiye bayanan da ke tallafawa nau'in da adadin ƙwarewar ku, tunda cancanta ya dogara da yadda ya cika rukunan da suka dace.