Izidingo Zokuvunyelwa Nguwe Wedwa Kwabashayeli Bezindiza Abangabafundi: Uhlu Lokuhlola lwe-CFR

Ngaphansi 14 CFR §61.87, umfundi wendiza kumele ahlangabezane nezidingo ezintathu eziyinhloko ngaphambi kokuba andize yedwa: ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa kolwazi lwezindiza oluqondiswa ngumqeqeshi (kanye nazo zonke izimpendulo ezingalungile ezibukeziwe ngaphambi kokuba kukhishwe imvume), ukuthola nokubhalisa ukuqeqeshwa kwendiza ngaphambi kokuba yedwa futhi abonise ikhono kuhlobo oluthile kanye nemodeli okufanele indize ngayo, kanye nokuba nemvume yamanje ye-logbook esayinwe ngumqeqeshi ogunyaziwe phakathi nezinsuku zekhalenda ezingama-90 ezedlule. Akekho umfundi ongase asebenze njengomshayeli wendiza ophethe indiza eyedwa ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana nazo zonke lezi zimo ezintathu ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Amadokhumenti okufanele uwaphathe ngosuku olulodwa:

• Isitifiketi somshayeli womfundi (esikhishwe yi-FAA)
• Isitifiketi sezokwelapha, uma sidingeka esigabeni sokuhlinzwa (sekilasi lesithathu noma ngaphezulu ekusebenzeni okuningi kwabafundi)
• I-ID enesithombe ekhishwe nguhulumeni (ilayisensi yokushayela, ipasipoti, noma okulinganayo)
• Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-logbook yamanje echaza uhlobo kanye nomodeli, okunezinsuku ezingu-90 zekhalenda
• Isitifiketi sokufaneleka kwendiza ukundiza, isitifiketi sokubhalisa, imikhawulo yokusebenza, kanye nedatha yesisindo nebhalansi (amadokhumenti e-AROW)
• Imibhalo ye-TSA/ubuzwe uma isebenza ohlelweni lwakho lokuqeqesha

Amaphuzu okubhekisela kwemithetho:

• 14 CFR §61.87 — umthetho olawulayo wazo zonke izincomo zokuqala zomuntu ngamunye
• 14 CFR §61.93 — ukusekelwa kwe-solo cross-country
• 14 CFR §61.95 — Imisebenzi ye-Class B yesikhala somoya sodwa
• 14 CFR §61.51 — izidingo zokubhalisa, okuhlanganisa nesikhathi se-PIC ngesikhathi somuntu eyedwa

Izitoreji Eziyinhloko

Ngaphansi kwe-14 CFR §61.87, umfundi womshayeli wendiza kumele ahlangabezane nokuhlolwa kolwazi, abhalise ukuqeqeshwa kwangaphambi kokuhamba yedwa ngohlobo oluthile kanye nemodeli, futhi abe nokuqinisekiswa komfundisi kwamanje okunosuku zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-90 ngaphambi kokuba noma yikuphi ukundiza yedwa kuvunyelwe ngokomthetho.

Okuqukethwe

• Zithini ngempela izidingo zokwamukelwa kwe-solo ngaphansi kwe-14 CFR §61.87?
• Yini okufanele ihlanganiswe ukuhlolwa kolwazi lwezindiza, futhi umfundisi kufanele ayiphathe kanjani?
• Yikuphi ukuqeqeshwa kokushayela indiza ngaphambi kokuba umfundi ahambe yedwa okufanele akuqede futhi akubonise?
• Ubani ongasayina isivumelwano sokuvumelana yedwa, futhi kumelwe sithini?
• Yimaphi amadokhumenti umfundi okufanele awaphathe ngosuku lwakhe lokuzimela?
• Yiziphi izincomo ezengeziwe ezidingwa yizindiza ezihamba ngezinyawo, iClass B, kanye nezindiza ezihamba zodwa ebusuku?
• Yimaphi amaphutha avame kakhulu okwenziwa ngabafundisi nabafundi ekusekeleni?
• Ingabe i-FAA idinga inani elincane lamahora ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca kokuqala?
• Uhlu lokuhlola olungasetshenziswa kabusha ngosuku olulodwa, isampula yokufaka i-logbook, kanye namathempulethi okuqinisekisa
• Indlela iFlorida Flyers Flight Academy elungiselela ngayo abafundi izindiza zabodwa ezithobela umthetho
• Uhlu lokugcina okufanele lusetshenziswe yi-CFI ngaphambi kokusayina noma yikuphi ukuvunyelwa komuntu ngamunye
• Ukulungiselela wedwa okuhleliwe eFlorida Flyers Flight Academy
• Imithombo

Zithini ngempela izidingo zokwamukelwa kwe-solo ngaphansi kwe-14 CFR §61.87?

Lo mthetho uhlelwe njengochungechunge lwezibopho, isakhiwo ngasinye sisekugcineni. Isigaba (a) sisungula ukwenqatshelwa okuvamile: akekho umshayeli wendiza ongumfundi ongaqhuba indiza eyedwa ngaphandle kokuthi lowo mfundi uhlangabezane nezidingo zesigaba. Kusukela lapho, lo mthetho unikeza imisebenzi ethile kokubili umfundi kanye nomfundisi ogunyazayo.

Imithethonqubo ehlobene nayo yandisa uhlaka. 14 CFR §61.93 ilawula izindiza ezihamba zodwa ezweni lonke futhi idinga ukuvunyelwa okuqondile komzila noma okuphindaphindwayo. Isigaba §61.95 sikhuluma ngokusebenza komuntu esikhumulweni sezindiza seKlasi B, okudinga kokubili ukuqeqeshwa komhlaba kanye nokundiza okuqondene naleyo ndawo yomoya. Isigaba §61.51 silawula okufakiwe encwadini yokubhalisa, okuhlanganisa nomthetho wokuthi umfundi angabhalisa isikhathi sokushayela indiza ngesikhathi sokusebenza komuntu eyedwa.

The Isendlalelo seseluleko se-FAA AC 61-65H Igcwalisa umthethonqubo ngamagama anconyiwe kanye nemikhuba yokubhala imibhalo. Ayidluli i-CFR, kodwa abahloli be-DPE kanye ne-FAA baphatha ulimi lwayo njengendinganiso yobungcweti. Ukusebenzisa amagama e-AC 61-65H encwadini yakho yokubhalisa kuyindlela evikelekile kakhulu etholakalayo.

Yini okufanele ihlanganiswe ukuhlolwa kolwazi lwezindiza, futhi umfundisi kufanele ayiphathe kanjani?

Umfundisi kumele anikeze isivivinyo solwazi esibhaliwe noma somlomo esihlanganisa izihloko ezibalwe ku-§61.87(b) futhi kumele abukeze yonke impendulo engalungile nomfundi ngaphambi kokusayina noma yikuphi ukuvuma eyedwa. Lokho kubuyekezwa akuyona into ongayikhetha futhi akuyona into ehlelekile. Abahloli be-DPE kanye ne-FAA bavame ukufuna ubufakazi obubhaliwe bokuthi ukubuyekezwa kwenzeke ngempela, okusho ukuthi inothi elifushane lomfundisi kurekhodi lokuqeqeshwa elisho usuku kanye nezihloko okuxoxwe ngazo libaluleke kakhulu kunengxoxo yomlomo engashiyi mkhondo wephepha.

Izihloko okufanele zidingidwe ukuhlolwa kolwazi:

• Izingxenye ezisebenzayo zezingxenye ezingu-14 ze-CFR 61 kanye no-91
• Imithetho nezinqubo zesikhala sezindiza lapho kuzokwenzeka khona imisebenzi yodwa
• Izici zendiza kanye nemikhawulo yokusebenza yohlobo/imodeli ezondiza
• Izinqubo zephethini yethrafikhi yesikhumulo sezindiza, okuhlanganisa izinqubo zokufika, zokuhamba, kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo
• Izinqubo zokugwema ukushayisana kanye nemithetho yokungena
• Ukugwema ukungena emzileni, okuhlanganisa nokusebenza phansi
• Ukugwema ukuphazamiseka kokuvuka
• Imiphumela yokuphakama kobuningi ekusebenzeni kwezindiza
• Ukubalwa kwesisindo nebhalansi
• Izinqubo eziphuthumayo

Ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ngomlomo, ngokubhala, noma njengenhlanganisela yakho kokubili. Okubalulekile ngokomthetho ukuthi umfundisi angabonisa, uma ebuzwa, ukuthi zonke izihloko zihlanganisiwe nokuthi noma yiziphi izikhala zilungisiwe ngaphambi kokuba kukhishwe imvume.

Ithiphu le-Pro: Ama-CFI kufanele agcine inothi lomfundisi elinosuku ekhasini lokuqeqeshwa komfundi noma ekhasini lesilabhasi elifundeka kanje: “Ngibuyekeze imiphumela yokuhlolwa kolwazi eno-[igama lomfundi] ngo-[usuku]. Ngixoxe futhi ngalungisa amaphutha ekuhlukanisweni kwesikhala somoya kanye nezinqubo eziphuthumayo. Umfundi ubonise ukuqonda kwazo zonke izinto.” Lowo musho owodwa ungaxazulula umbuzo wokuthobela imithetho ngemizuzwana.

Yikuphi ukuqeqeshwa kokushayela indiza ngaphambi kokuba umfundi ahambe yedwa okufanele akuqede futhi akubonise?

Umfundi kumele athole futhi abhalise ukuqeqeshwa kokundiza kuzo zonke izindlela nezinqubo ezibalwe ku-§61.87© ezifanele uhlobo kanye nemodeli ezogijinyiswa, futhi kumele abonise ikhono kulezo zindlela ukuze kwanelise umfundisi ogunyaziwe. “Ubuchwepheshe” akuyona indinganiso yezinombolo eqondile; kungukwahlulela kochwepheshe komfundisi ukuthi umfundi angenza imisebenzi edingekayo ngokuphepha nangokungaguquguquki ngaphandle kokugadwa.

Izindlela ezijwayelekile kanye nezinqubo ezidingekayo ngaphambi kokuvunyelwa zifaka:

• Ukuhamba nokufika okujwayelekile kanye nokuwela komoya
• Ukundiza okuqondile nokuqondile kanye nokujika kuzo zombili izinhlangothi
• Ukukhuphuka, ukujika, ukwehla, kanye nokujika kokwehla
• Imisebenzi yephethini yethrafikhi yesikhumulo sezindiza, okuhlanganisa ukungena, umoya ophansi, isisekelo, kanye nokugcina
• Izinqubo zokugwema ukushayisana kanye nokususa izithiyo
• Izindawo zokungena kanye nokubuyiselwa kwezimpahla (izindawo zokungena kanye nezindlela zokufinyelela ezindlini, njengoba kufanele)
• Izinqubo eziphuthumayo kanye nokwehla eziphuthumayo
• Ukuhamba kancane
• Izinqubo zokufika ezizungezile nezenqatshwayo
• Izindlela zokubhekisela phansi (njengoba kusebenza endizeni yokuqeqesha)
• Ukuthatha izindiza ezithambile nezifushane kanye nokufika kwazo (lapho kufanele khona endaweni yokuqeqesha)
• Ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenzisana kwe-ATC esikhumulweni sezindiza sokuqeqesha

Ukungaguquguquki kwephethini kuyisibikezelo esithembeke kakhulu sokulungela eyedwa. Umfundisi obona umfundi eqhuba izindlela ezintathu ezilandelanayo ezizinzile nezinqumo ezifanele zokujika unethemba elikhulu kunomuntu obone ukufika okukodwa okuhle ngemuva kweziningana ezingaguquguquki.

Ithiphu le-Pro: Ngaphambi kweseshini yokuqinisekisa, yazisa umfundi ngenqubo ethile yokubuya okuphuthumayo esikhumulweni sezindiza sokuqeqesha: ukwehluleka kwenjini lapho indiza isuka, ukufakwa kwephethini ukuze ibuyele ngokushesha, kanye nokuphakama kwesinqumo sokuhamba/ukungahambi. Bhala phansi lokho kwaziswa. Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle ngosuku olulodwa, lelo rekhodi libonisa ukucophelela komfundisi.

Ubani ongasayina isivumelwano sokuvumelana yedwa, futhi kumelwe sithini?

Umqeqeshi ogunyaziwe kuphela onikeze ukuqeqeshwa mathupha futhi wanquma ikhono lomfundi ongasayina isivumelwano sokubhalisa eyedwa. Isicelo sokubhalisa kumele sichaze uhlobo kanye nomodeli wendiza, usuku lokukhishwa, kanye nenombolo yesitifiketi somqeqeshi kanye nosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Sisebenza izinsuku ezingama-90 zekhalenda kusukela osukwini olusayinwe ngalo. Ngemva kokuba lelo fasitela livaliwe, umfundi akakwazi ukundiza eyedwa futhi kuze kube yilapho kukhishwa isivumelwano sokubhalisa kabusha, okudinga ukuthi umqeqeshi aphinde abukeze ulwazi kanye okungenani ingxenye yezenzo zangaphambi kokubhalisa eyedwa endizeni yokuqeqesha.

Isampula yamagama okuvumela (ngokusekelwe esiqondisweni se-AC 61-65H):

Ukuqinisekiswa kokuqala kwezinsuku ezingama-90 kwe-solo (A.66 ku-AC 61-65H):

Izindiza eziphindaphindwayo zodwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-90 (A.67 ku-AC 61-65H):

Amaphuzu abalulekile mayelana nokuzivikela ngokomthetho:

• Uhlobo kanye nomodeli kumele kufane nendiza ethile ezondiza; ukuvunyelwa kweCessna 172 akuvumeli ukuhamba wedwa kuPiper PA-28.
• Inombolo yesitifiketi se-CFI somfundisi kanye nosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kuyadingeka kukho konke ukugunyazwa.
• Isikhathi sezinsuku ezingu-90 yizinsuku zekhalenda, hhayi amahora okundiza noma inani lezifundo.
• Ukuqinisekiswa kabusha ngemva kwesikhala sokuqeqeshwa kudinga ukuqeqeshwa kabusha okubhalwe phansi, hhayi nje isignesha entsha.

Ithiphu le-Pro: Skena noma uthwebule izithombe zekhasi ngalinye lokuqinisekisa ngokushesha ngemva kokusayina bese ugcina isithombe kurekhodi lokuqeqeshwa kwedijithali lomfundi. Uma incwadi yokubhalisa ilahlekile noma yonakele, leso sipele kuphela ubufakazi bokuthi ukuqinisekiswa kukhona. Izikole ezisebenzisa amapulatifomu esilabhasi yedijithali zinganamathisela ukuskena ngqo kufayela lokuqeqeshwa lomfundi.

Yimaphi amadokhumenti umfundi okufanele awaphathe ngosuku lwakhe lokuzimela?

Yonke imibhalo kulolu hlu kumele ibe khona ngokoqobo ngosuku olulodwa. Ukulahlekelwa ngisho neyodwa kudala ukwephulwa kwemithetho okubangela ukuthi indiza iqale ngaphambi kokuba iqale.

Isiqondiso somshayeli wendiza wabafundi se-FAA sichaza isitifiketi somshayeli wendiza wabafundi njengombhalo odingekayo wokusebenza wedwa. Leso sitifiketi, sihlanganiswe nokuvunyelwa kwe-logbook, sakha imvume esemthethweni yokundiza wedwa.

Ngokuphathelene nesitifiketi sezokwelapha: abafundi abaningi abaqeqesha abashayeli bezindiza ukuze babe nesitifiketi sokushayela indiza yangasese badinga okungenani isitifiketi sezokwelapha sekilasi lesithathu. Kodwa-ke, imithetho yesitifiketi sezokwelapha se-FAA inikeza izindlela zokusebenza ezithile ngaphandle kwezokwelapha zendabuko, okuhlanganisa i-BasicMed yabashayeli bezindiza abafanelekile kanye nemisebenzi yokushayela indiza yezemidlalo ngaphansi kwelayisensi yokushayela esebenzayo. Uma uqeqeshwa ngaphansi kwendlela yezokwelapha engeyona ejwayelekile, qinisekisa izidingo ezithile nomfundisi wakho kanye nesiqondiso samanje se-FAA ngaphambi kosuku olulodwa, ngoba imithetho elawula ukusebenza kwezokwelapha isebenzisana ngqo namalungelo okushayela indiza ...

Ukuqeqeshwa okusheshayo kwezokuhlela: yenza amakhophi awo wonke amadokhumenti bese uwagcina ngokwehlukile kweyokuqala. Thatha izithombe zekhasi lokuqinisekisa i-logbook bese uligcina efonini yakho. Gcina amadokhumenti endiza (isitifiketi sokufaneleka ukundiza, ukubhaliswa, imikhawulo yokusebenza, idatha yesisindo nebhalansi) esikhwameni semibhalo yendiza bese uqinisekisa ukuthi ayasebenza ngaphambi kohambo ngalunye lodwa.

Yiziphi izincomo ezengeziwe ezidingwa yizindiza ezihamba ngezinyawo, iClass B, kanye nezindiza ezihamba zodwa ebusuku?

Ukusebenza kwe-Cross-country, Class B, kanye nokusebenza kwe-solo ebusuku kudinga ukuvunyelwa kwe-logbook okuhlukile ngale kokugunyazwa kokuqala kwezinsuku ezingu-90 kwe-solo. Lokhu akusikho ukuthuthukiswa kokugunyazwa kokuqala; kuyigunyazo elihlukile elinezidingo zalo zokuqeqeshwa kanye nezidingo zemibhalo.

I-Per Umhlahlandlela wokuqinisekisa we-Gleim Aviation kanye nemithethonqubo ebusayo, isakhiwo sihlukaniswa kanje:

Ukudlula izwe wedwa (14 CFR §61.93):

• Umfundisi kumele anikeze ukuqeqeshwa ngezinqubo zendiza ezinqamula izwe, okuhlanganisa ukuhlela, ukuzulazula, ukuhlolwa kwesimo sezulu, kanye nezinqubo zokuphambukisa
• Ukuqinisekiswa kungaba komzila othize noma ukuhamba ngendiza okuphindaphindiwe phezu komzila umqeqeshi awubukezile.
• Ezindizeni ezingaphezu kwamamayela angu-25 olwandle ukusuka esikhumulweni sezindiza sokuhamba, kudingeka imvume ethile yomzila.
• Ezinye izigunyazo zokuhamba wedwa ezweni lonke zifaka phakathi umkhawulo we-50 NM radius; izindiza ezingaphezu kwalokho zidinga ukubuyekezwa okwengeziwe komfundisi kanye nokuvunyelwa.

Imisebenzi ye-Class B yesikhala somoya sodwa (14 CFR §61.95):

• Umfundi kumele athole ukuqeqeshwa kwasemhlabeni kanye nokundiza okuqondene nendawo yomoya yekilasi B lapho kuzokwenzeka khona imisebenzi yakhe yedwa.
• Umfundisi kumele anqume ukuthi umfundi unekhono ezinqubweni zeBanga B, ukuxhumana, kanye nokugwema ithrafikhi
• Ukugunyazwa kumele kuqambe indawo ethile yomoya ye-Class B

Ubusuku bodwa (14 CFR §61.87(n)):

• Umfundi kumele aqeqeshwe ngendiza ebusuku, okuhlanganisa nokusuka ebusuku kanye nokufika esikhumulweni sezindiza lapho kuzokwenzeka khona eyedwa.
• Ukuqinisekiswa kuqondene ngqo nokusebenza ebusuku kanye nesikhumulo sezindiza
• Ukuzivumela ukuthi ulale wedwa ebusuku kudinga ukuvunyelwa okuhlukile noma ngabe umfundi unemvume yokuthi ulale wedwa emini njengamanje

Yimaphi amaphutha avame kakhulu okwenziwa ngabafundisi nabafundi ekusekeleni?

Iphutha elikhulu kakhulu umfundisi angalenza ukukhipha isigunyazo esiphelele esingachazi uhlobo kanye nemodeli, noma ukusekela umfundi ngohlobo lwendiza lapho umfundisi engazange aqeqeshe khona mathupha. §61.87(p), umqeqeshi kumele abe enikeze ukuqeqeshwa ngohlobo oluthile kanye nemodeli futhi kumele anqume mathupha ikhono ngaphambi kokusayina. I-CFI evumela umfundi ukuba abe yi-Piper Warrior ngemuva kokumqeqesha kuphela kwi-Cessna 172 ikhiphe imvume engahambisani nomthetho kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umfundi unamakhono angakanani.

Amaphutha avamile omfundisi:

• Ukusebenzisa amagama ajwayelekile okuvumela angafaki ukwakheka kanye nomodeli
• Ukwehluleka ukubhala phansi isibuyekezo sokuhlolwa kolwazi, akushiyi bufakazi bokuthi isibuyekezo senzekile
• Ukuvumela isikhathi sezinsuku ezingu-90 siphele ngaphandle kokuphinda kuvunyelwe ngaphambi kokuba umfundi afunde yedwa
• Ukuphatha ukugunyazwa kobuzwe be-TSA esikhundleni sokuqinisekisa amadokhumenti omazisi womfundi
• Ukuphinda kuvunyelwe ngaphandle kokuphinda noma iyiphi ingxenye yokuqeqeshwa kwangaphambi kokuqeqeshwa komuntu eyedwa ngemva kwegebe elikhulu lokuqeqeshwa

Ama-Red Flags abafundi okufanele bawahlole ngaphambi kosuku olulodwa:

• Usuku lokugunyazwa lungaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-90 zekhalenda ezedlule
• Ukugunyazwa akuchazi uhlobo kanye nomodeli wendiza ezogijinyiswa
• Akukho ukubuyekezwa okubhaliwe komfundisi kwamaphutha okuhlolwa kolwazi okuvela kurekhodi lokuqeqeshwa
• Amadokhumenti endiza alahlekile, aphelelwe yisikhathi, noma awekho endizeni

Ingabe i-FAA idinga inani elincane lamahora ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca kokuqala?

I-FAA ayibeki sidingo esincane sesikhathi sokundiza somfundi wokuqala eyedwa. Ukulungela kunqunywa ngokuphelele ngobuchule obubonisiwe njengoba kwahlulelwa ngumfundisi ogunyazayo. Lokhu kuyisinqumo sokulawula esihleliwe: indinganiso ikhono, hhayi isikhathi sewashi.

Lokho kusho, Isiqondiso sokuqeqeshwa kwangaphambi kokuqeqeshwa wedwa se-AOPA kubonisa iqiniso elingokoqobo lokuthi abafundi abaningi bafinyelela ukulungela bodwa endaweni ethile ebangeni lamahora ayi-10-30 okufundiswa okubili, ngokushintshashintsha okubangelwa uhlobo lwendiza, imvamisa yesifundo, ukuchayeka esimweni sezulu, kanye nekhono lomuntu ngamunye. Abafundi abaqeqeshwa ezindizeni ezidinga ubuchwepheshe noma ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zomoya ngokuvamile badinga isikhathi esiphindwe kabili ngaphambi kokuba umfundisi aneliseke ngokuhambisana kwephethini kanye nokushelela kwenqubo ephuthumayo.

Izici ezithinta kakhulu isikhathi somuntu ngamunye:

• Uhlobo lwendiza kanye nobunzima bayo (umqeqeshi olula ngobuchwepheshe uma kuqhathaniswa nendiza edinga kakhulu)
• Imvamisa yesifundo (izifundo zamasonto onke uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqeqeshwa okujulile kwansuku zonke)
• Ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa (ukuchayeka ezimotweni eziwelayo, ukuxokozela, kanye nezimo ezingaphansi)
• Ikhono labafundi kanye nolwazi lwangaphambilini lwezindiza (isizinda sezempi, isikhathi sokulingisa, izifundo zangaphambilini)
• Indawo yesikhumulo sezindiza (ephakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nengaphakeme, ematasa uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zethrafikhi ezithule)

Uma umfundi esehamba yedwa, i-14 CFR §61.51(e)(4) igunyaza ukubhalisa leso sikhathi sokundiza njengesikhathi somshayeli ophethe, uma nje umfundi engumuntu oyedwa ohlala khona futhi enelungelo elidingekayo. Leso sikhathi se-PIC sibalwa ezidingweni zesikhathi sokundiza sezitifiketi nezilinganiso ezilandelayo, okwenza ingqophamlando yodwa ibe nencazelo hhayi nje ngokusebenza kodwa futhi nangokuqhubeka komsebenzi.

Uhlu lokuhlola olungasetshenziswa kabusha ngosuku olulodwa, isampula yokufaka i-logbook, kanye namathempulethi okuqinisekisa

Uhlu lokuhlola ngaphambi kohambo lwendiza ngosuku olulodwa:

• Qinisekisa ukuthi usuku lokuqinisekiswa kwe-logbook luphakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-90 zekhalenda
• Ukuqinisekiswa kokuqinisekisa kuchaza uhlobo kanye nomodeli wendiza yanamuhla
• Qinisekisa ukuthi isitifiketi somshayeli womfundi sisesandleni sakho
• Qinisekisa ukuthi isitifiketi sezokwelapha sisesikhathini samanje futhi sisezandleni zakho (noma uqinisekise okuhlukile okufanele)
• Qinisekisa ukuthi i-ID enesithombe sikahulumeni isesandleni sakho
• Hlola amadokhumenti e-AROW endizeni (ukufaneleka kokundiza, ukubhaliswa, imikhawulo yokusebenza, isisindo kanye nebhalansi)
• Thola isifinyezo sesimo sezulu esijwayelekile bese uqinisekisa ukuthi izimo zingaphakathi kobuncane bomuntu siqu nobezibekwe ngumfundisi
• Ukubalwa okuphelele kwesisindo nebhalansi kokucushwa komuntu ngamunye
• Thola umqeqeshi onolwazi ngaphambi kokuba eyedwa ohlanganisa izinqubo eziphuthumayo eziqondene nesikhumulo sezindiza sokuqeqesha
• Qinisekisa ukuthi umsakazo kanye ne-transponder kuyasebenza
• Kafushane iphuzu lesinqumo kanye nenqubo yokwehluleka kwenjini lapho isuka ngaphambi kokuqala kwenjini

Isibonelo sokufakwa kwencwadi yokubhalisa (irekhodi lomfundi):

Ireferensi yethempulethi yokuqinisekisa:

Ukuze uthole amagama aqondile ohlotsheni ngalunye lokuvumela, i-AC 61-65H ingumthombo onegunya. Umhlahlandlela wokuvumela we-Gleim Aviation unikeza ireferensi ewusizo esetshenziswa ama-CFI amaningi kanye ne-AC.

Indlela iFlorida Flyers Flight Academy elungiselela ngayo abafundi izindiza zabodwa ezithobela umthetho

I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy ihlela ukulungiselela kwayo yodwa njengenqubekela phambili ehleliwe, isigaba ngasinye sixhunywe ngqo nesidingo esithile somthetho ngaphansi kwe-14 CFR §61.87. Abafundi abaqhubekeli phambili esangweni elilandelayo lokuqeqeshwa kuze kube yilapho elamanje selibhaliwe futhi lisayinwe, okusho ukuthi akekho umfundi ofika ngosuku lwakhe lokuqeqeshwa yedwa enesikhala kurekhodi lakhe lokuqeqeshwa.

Uhlelo lokusebenza lulandela lo mhlahlandlela:

• Isango Lolwazi: Umfundisi uphatha ukuhlolwa kolwazi kwangaphambi kokufunda yedwa, abukeze zonke izimpendulo ezingalungile nomfundi, futhi abhale phansi iseshini yokubuyekeza kurekhodi lokuqeqeshwa kanye nenothi lomfundisi elinosuku.
• Amasango Amakhono: Abafundi baqeda isigaba ngasinye sokuhamba ngezinyawo ku-§61.87© ngendlela ethile kanye nemodeli ezogijinyiswa, kanye nendawo yokuhlola isilabhasi esayinwe ngumfundisi obone ukusebenza.
• Isango lokuvumelana kwephethini: Ngaphambi kokuvunyelwa, umfundi uqeda iseshini yephethini eqondisiwe ebonisa izindlela ezintathu noma ngaphezulu ezilandelanayo ezizinzile nezinqumo ezifanele zokushintsha.
• Ukusayina kokugcina: Umqeqeshi oqinisekisayo uqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amasango avaliwe, abukeze amadokhumenti omfundi, bese ekhipha imvume esebenzisa amagama e-AC 61-65H anohlobo/imodeli, usuku, kanye nenombolo yesitifiketi se-CFI.

Ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi esikoleni kuhlanganisa amakhophi askeniwe ekhasi ngalinye lokuqinisekisa eligcinwe efayeleni lokuqeqeshwa kwedijithali lomfundi, amasignesha okuhlola isilabhasi, kanye nohlu lokuhlola lokubonisana ngaphambi komfundi eyedwa. Lokho kwakhiwa kwamadokhumenti kusho ukuthi uma umhloli we-DPE noma we-FAA ecela ubufakazi bokubuyekezwa kokuhlolwa kolwazi noma ukulandelana kokuqeqeshwa ngaphambi komfundi eyedwa, impendulo iwukuthola ifayela, hhayi umsebenzi wokukhumbula.

I-Florida Flyers ine-Self Examining Authority, evumela i-academy ukuthi yenze ukuhlolwa kwe-FAA ngaphakathi. Kubafundi abathuthuka kusukela ekuhlolweni kwabo kokuqala bebodwa baye kwi-Private Pilot License nangaphezulu, lelo khono lisusa ukubambezeleka kokuhlela okuvame ukuhlukanisa ukuphothula ukuqeqeshwa nokufinyelela ekuhlolweni okusebenzayo.

Uhlu lokugcina okufanele lusetshenziswe yi-CFI ngaphambi kokusayina noma yikuphi ukuvunyelwa komuntu ngamunye

Umthetho owodwa olawula zonke izinqumo zokuqinisekisa: sayina kuphela uma usuzibonile mathupha ukusebenza kwephethini okulinganayo kuhlobo oluthile kanye nemodeli, uqinisekise ukuthi umfundi uyakwazi ukuchaza nokusebenzisa inqubo yokubuyisela esimweni esiphuthumayo, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ukubuyekezwa kokuhlolwa kolwazi kubhalwe phansi kurekhodi lokuqeqeshwa. Uma noma yimuphi walezo zimo ezintathu ungahlangatshezwanga, ukuvumela kuyalinda.

Uhlu lokuhlola lokuqinisekisa i-CFI ngaphambi kokusayina:

• Ukuhlolwa kolwazi kwenziwa futhi zonke izimpendulo ezingalungile zibuyekezwe futhi zabhalwa phansi ngenothi lomfundisi elinosuku.
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwangaphambi kokuhamba wedwa kuqediwe ngohlobo oluthile kanye nomodeli ozogijinyiswa, kanye nezindawo zokuhlola zesilabhasi ezisayiniwe
• Ukuvumelana kwephethini kuqinisekisiwe ezindizeni eziningi, akukho nokusebenza okuqinile okukodwa
• Izinqubo eziphuthumayo ziyaziswa futhi umfundi angasho impendulo yokwehluleka kwenjini ngesikhathi sokusuka esikhumulweni sezindiza sokuqeqesha.
• Amadokhumenti omfundi aqinisekisiwe: isitifiketi somshayeli womfundi, isitifiketi sezokwelapha (noma okuhlukile okufanelekile), i-ID enesithombe
• Imibhalo yezindiza eqinisekisiwe njengamanje: ukufaneleka kokundiza, ukubhaliswa, imikhawulo yokusebenza, isisindo kanye nebhalansi
• Izimo zezulu zibuyekeziwe futhi zingaphakathi kwekhono lomfundi elibonisiwe kanye nanoma yiziphi izilinganiso ezibekwe ngumfundisi
• Amagama okuqinisekisa afana ne-AC 61-65H, achaza uhlobo kanye nemodeli, futhi afaka inombolo yesitifiketi se-CFI kanye nosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi

Izingibe ezimbili zokwahlulela kochwepheshe zidinga ukunakwa okucacile. Eyokuqala ingcindezi yeshejuli: umfundi obelokhu ebheke eyedwa amasonto amaningi, ebukele umndeni futhi isikhathi sesifundo sifushane, kudala ingcindezi yomphakathi engacindezela ukuqinisekiswa kokugcina. Ukuqinisekiswa kumele kubonise ukwahlulela okuzimele komfundisi, hhayi ikhalenda. Esesibili ingozi yegebe lesifundo: umfundi owayelungele eyedwa ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule kodwa engakandizi emasontweni ayisithupha akakulungeli ngokuzenzakalelayo namuhla. Umthetho wemali yezinsuku ezingu-90 ukhona ngoba ikhono liyehla. Ukuqinisekiswa kabusha kudinga ukuqeqeshwa kabusha, hhayi nje usuku olusha.

Ukulungiselela wedwa okuhleliwe eFlorida Flyers Flight Academy

I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy inikeza uhlaka lokulungiselela umuntu eyedwa oluchazwe yilesi sihloko, olwakhelwe kuzo zonke izigaba zezinhlelo zayo zokuqeqesha ezisheshisiwe. Ama-CFI e-academy alandela amasango amakhono afanayo ahleliwe, imikhuba yokubhala imibhalo yokuhlolwa kolwazi, kanye namagama okuqinisekisa e-AC 61-65H ahlanganiswe kulo lonke lo mhlahlandlela, ngakho abafundi bafika ngosuku olulodwa benerekhodi lokuqeqeshwa eliphelele, elihlolwe esikhundleni seqoqo lokusayina okungakahleleki.

Kubafundi abahlose iLayisensi Yomshayeli Ozimele ngesitifiketi se-ATP, indlela esheshayo ye-academy esuka ku-PPL iye ku-ATP emahoreni angu-111 okuqeqeshwa kwendiza isho ukuthi isiyalo esisungulwe esigabeni somuntu ngamunye siqhubeka phambili kuzo zonke izilinganiso ezilandelayo. Amandla okuhlola i-FAA ngaphakathi nge-Self Examining Authority asusa ukungqubuzana kokuhlela okubambezela abafundi abaningi phakathi kokuphothula ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokufinyelela ekuhlolweni okusebenzayo. Uma ufuna inqubo yokulungiselela umuntu oyedwa ehambisana ngqo nezidingo ze-FAA futhi isekelwa yizinga lokupasa lokuhlola okokuqala elingaphezu kuka-90%, I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy kuyindlela ehlukile ehlelekile esikhundleni sokuqeqeshwa okungakahleleki, okungahleliwe. Xhumana ne-academy ukuze ubuyekeze irekhodi lakho lamanje lokuqeqeshwa, uqinisekise isimo sakho sokusekelwa, bese uhlela isikhathi sakho esilandelayo sokuqeqeshwa.

Imithombo

Imithombo engezansi iyizinkomba eziyinhloko zombhalo wokulawula, amagama okuqinisekisa, kanye nemikhuba yamadokhumenti okukhulunywa ngayo kulesi sihloko. Qinisekisa zonke izingcaphuno zomthetho ngokumelene ne-eCFR yamanje ngaphambi kokuthembela kuzo ukuze kulandelwe umthetho, njengoba imithethonqubo ingashintshwa.

• i-eCFR :: 14 CFR 61.87 – Izidingo zomuntu ngamunye zabashayeli bezindiza abafundi. (FAR 61.87)
• I-AC 61-65H
• Ukuqeqeshwa Kwangaphambi Komuntu Oyedwa – I-AOPA
• Umhlahlandlela wokuvumela abafundi abashayela izindiza — I-Gleim Aviation (2020)

Njalo bheka lesi sihloko ngokumelene ne-eCFR yamanje kanye nezincwadi ezisemthethweni ze-FAA ngaphambi kokwenza noma yisiphi isinqumo sokuthobela imithetho. Imithetho iyashintsha, futhi i-eCFR ingumthombo onegunya, ovuselelwa njalo wombhalo wamanje we-14 CFR Ingxenye 61.

Kunconywe

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