Izidingo Zokugunyazwa Okuyinkimbinkimbi: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele we-FAA

Noma yimuphi umshayeli wendiza wase-US osebenza njengomshayeli wendiza ophethe (i-PIC) kumele alandele imigomo izidingo zokuqinisekisa eziyinkimbinkimbi okuchazwe ku-14 CFR § 61.31(e): ukuthola nokubhalisa kokubili ukuqeqeshwa komhlaba kanye nokundiza kumqeqeshi ogunyaziwe endizeni eyinkimbinkimbi noma kumshini wokulingisa indiza ophelele omele (FFS) noma idivayisi yokuqeqesha indiza (FTD), ukukhombisa ikhono, nokuthola ukuvunyelwa kwe-logbook kanye kuphela kulowo mqeqeshi. I-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ayibeki mfuneko encane yehora lokundiza. Ukuqeqeshwa kusekelwe kubuchwepheshe, umqeqeshi unquma ukuthi usukulungele nini, futhi ukuvunyelwa kukhishwa kanye. I-Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA) iqinisekisa lolu hlaka futhi iphinda ikhiqize amagama okuqinisekiswa kwesampula ahambisana nesiqondiso esiyindilinga seseluleko se-FAA.

Amaqiniso abalulekile okulawula ngokushesha:

• Umthethonqubo olawulayo: 14 CFR § 61.31(e)
• Uhlobo lokuqeqeshwa oludingekayo: Ukuqeqeshwa komhlaba kanye nendiza okuvela kumfundisi ogunyaziwe
• Amadivayisi avunyelwe: Indiza eyinkimbinkimbi noma i-FFS/FTD emele
• Okungenani ihora: Akukho — ulwazi olusekelwe ngokubona komfundisi
• Uhlobo lokuqinisekisa: Ukugunyazwa kwe-logbook kanye kuphela; akukho mfuneko yokubuyisela imali
• Okuhlukile kwangaphambi kuka-1997: Isikhathi se-PIC esifakwe endizeni eyinkimbinkimbi ngaphambi kuka-Agasti 4, 1997 sanelisa isidingo

Izitoreji Eziyinhloko

Iqiniso elilodwa elibaluleke kakhulu mayelana nezidingo zokuqinisekisa eziyinkimbinkimbi yileli: imiyalelo ye-FAA ibonise ubungcweti kanye nokuvunyelwa kwe-logbook kanye kuphela okuvela kumfundisi ogunyaziwe, ngaphandle kwamahora okundiza okungenani, futhi ukuqeqeshwa kungaqedwa endizeni eyinkimbinkimbi noma ku-FFS/FTD emele.

Okuqukethwe

• Yini efaneleka njengendiza eyinkimbinkimbi ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-FAA?
• Ubani ngempela odinga ukuvunyelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi nini?
• Izidingo zokuqeqeshwa kanye ne-logbook okufanele uzihlangabezane nazo
• Lokho okufanele kukusho ngempela ukugunyazwa kwakho yi-logbook
• Yeka ukuthi isilabhasi yokuqeqesha yokuqinisekisa eyinkimbinkimbi ihlanganisani
• Ukusebenzisa ama-simulators nama-FTD ukuze uthole ukwesekwa okuyinkimbinkimbi
• Kuchazwe okuhlukile, imibono eyiphutha, kanye nomthetho wangaphambi kuka-1997
• Isikhathi sokuqeqeshwa esingokoqobo kanye nezindleko: ukuthi yini okufanele uyibeke isabelomali
• Kungani ukuqinisekiswa okubhaliwe kubaluleke kakhulu kunalokho abashayeli bezindiza abakuqaphelayo
• I-Flightschoolusa isheshisa indlela yakho eya ekuqinisekisweni okuyinkimbinkimbi
• Imithombo

Yini efaneleka njengendiza eyinkimbinkimbi ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-FAA?

I-FAA ichaza indiza eyinkimbinkimbi ku-14 CFR § 61.31(e) njengendiza ehlonyiswe ngazo zonke ezintathu ezilandelayo: igiya lokufika elihoxiswayo, ama-flaps, kanye ne-propeller elawulwayo. Zonke ezintathu kumele zibe khona ngesikhathi esisodwa. Indiza enezici ezimbili kuphela zalezi ayihlangabezani nencazelo yomthetho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibonakala iyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani endaweni yokuma.

Okuhlukile okubalulekile kusebenza ezindizeni zasolwandle. Indiza yasolwandle ehlome ngama-flaps kanye ne-propeller elawulwayo ibhekwa njengeyinkimbinkimbi ngisho noma ingenayo imishini yokufika ekwazi ukuhoxiswa, ngoba i-hull noma ama-floats ifeza indima yesakhiwo edlalwa yigiya endizeni esekelwe emhlabeni.

Izigaba zezindiza ezivamile ezivame ukuhlangabezana nencazelo eyinkimbinkimbi zifaka:

• Ama-piston anenjini eyodwa anegiya lama-tricycle elihoxiswayo kanye ne-propeller enesivinini esingaguquki (isb., umndeni we-Piper Arrow noma ikilasi le-Beechcraft Bonanza)
• Amawele alula anegiya elihoxiswayo, ama-flaps, kanye nezinto ezisheshayo njalo enjinini ngayinye
• Ama-singles athile e-turboprop lapho zonke izinhlelo ezintathu zikhona khona

Imfuneko ye-propeller elawulwayo ivame ukungaqondwa kahle. I-propeller eqondiswayo, ngisho nasendizeni esebenza kahle kakhulu, ayihlangabezani nale mfuneko. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-propeller ejubane elingaguquki ihlala ifaneleka njenge-propeller eqondiswayo.

Ithiphu le-Pro: Qinisekisa isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi ngaphambi kokuhlela ukuqeqeshwa. Donsa i-Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH) yendiza bese ubheka isigaba sezinhlelo ngokuqhathanisa nazo zonke izindlela ezintathu. Ungaqinisekisa futhi uhlu lwemishini yendiza nge-FAA Aircraft Registry ku-registry.faa.gov, ebala izindiza kanye nezinhlelo ezinkulu zezindiza ezinesitifiketi.

Ubani ngempela odinga ukuvunyelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi nini?

Imfuneko ilula: noma yimuphi umshayeli wendiza osebenza njenge-PIC yendiza eyinkimbinkimbi kumele abambe imvume. Lokhu kusebenza kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isitifiketi sisezingeni lini — elizimele, elezentengiselwano, noma i-ATP — ngaphandle kokuthi kusebenza okuhlukile komthetho.

Okuhlukile okubaluleke kakhulu yilungiselelo langaphambi kuka-Agasti 4, 1997 lokuhlela indiza. Uma ubhalise isikhathi se-PIC endizeni eyinkimbinkimbi ngaphambi kwalolo suku, uyahlangabezana nesidingo saleso sigaba kanye nesigaba sendiza ngaphandle kokuthola imvume esemthethweni. Isikhathi esibhalisiwe ngokwaso sisebenza njengerekhodi elifanelekile. Lokhu okuhlukile kuphinde kufinyelele nakubashayeli bezindiza abaqede ukuqeqeshwa ku-FFS noma i-FTD emele ngaphambi kwalolo suku ngaphansi kwemithethonqubo esebenzayo.

Izimo zokusetshenziswa lapho ukuvunyelwa kuyimpoqo:

• Umshayeli wendiza ozimele oshintsha esuka ekubeni umqeqeshi wegiya eliqinile aye endizeni ekwaziyo ukuhoxa, eshesha njalo
• Umfakisicelo wezentengiselwano ohlela ukusebenzisa indiza eyinkimbinkimbi ekuhlolweni okusebenzayo (okudingekayo yi-14 CFR § 61.129)
• Noma yimuphi umshayeli wendiza onesitifiketi oqasha noma oboleka indiza eyinkimbinkimbi yezindiza ezihamba ngaphesheya kwezwe noma zemali
• Umqeqeshi wendiza ohlinzeka ngemiyalelo emibili endizeni eyinkimbinkimbi (umqeqeshi kumele futhi abambe imvume ukuze asebenze njenge-PIC)

Isiqondiso sokusekela se-AOPA uqaphela ukuthi ukuqinisekiswa kuqondene nesigaba sendiza. Ukuqinisekiswa okutholwa endizeni eyinkimbinkimbi enenjini eyodwa akugunyazi ngokuzenzakalelayo ukusebenza kwe-PIC endizeni eyinkimbinkimbi enenjini eziningi; ukuqeqeshwa okuhlukile kanye nokuqinisekiswa esigabeni senjini eziningi kuyadingeka.

Izidingo zokuqeqeshwa kanye ne-logbook okufanele uzihlangabezane nazo

Isakhiwo sokulawula sinezingxenye ezimbili ezihlukile, futhi zombili kumele ziqedwe ngaphambi kokuba ukuvunyelwa kusebenze.

Ingxenye 1: Ukuqeqeshwa kokwamukela nokubhalisa. Kumelwe uthole ukuqeqeshwa komhlaba kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwendiza kumqeqeshi ogunyaziwe. “Umqeqeshi ogunyaziwe” kusho umqeqeshi wendiza onesitifiketi (i-CFI) onesigaba esifanele kanye nezilinganiso zekilasi. Ukuqeqeshwa kumele kubhalwe encwadini yakho yokubhalisa umshayeli wendiza enemininingwane eyanele ukukhombisa ukuhambisana: usuku, uhlobo lwendiza kanye nemodeli (noma isihlonzi se-simulator), isikhathi esiphelele, okutholiwe okubili, kanye nokuqukethwe okuthile okuhlanganisiwe.

Ingxenye 2: Thola imvume ye-logbook. Uma umqeqeshi esenqume ukuthi unekhono, ufaka isincomo esisodwa encwadini yakho yokubhalisa. I-AC 61-65F inikeza isampula yamagama futhi icacisa ukuthi ukugunyazwa kumele kuqukathe ini: igama lomfundisi, inombolo yesitifiketi, usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwesitifiketi, kanye nesitatimende sokuthi uthole ukuqeqeshwa okudingekayo futhi utholakale unekhono.

Izibonelelo ze-Simulator kanye ne-FTD zilandela indinganiso "emele". Idivayisi kumele ikopishe izinhlelo zendiza eyinkimbinkimbi - ukusebenza kwegiya elihoxiswayo, ukulawulwa kwe-propeller ngesivinini esingaguquki, kanye nokuphathwa kwe-flap - ngezinga elinikeza inani lokuqeqeshwa elinengqondo. Akuwona wonke ama-FTD e-Level 1 ahlangabezana nalesi sigaba sokuqeqeshwa okuyinkimbinkimbi; qinisekisa izinga lokufaneleka kwedivayisi nomhlinzeki wokuqeqesha ngaphambi kokubhalisa amahora okuqinisekisa.

Izinkambu ezincane ze-logbook zendiza ngayinye yokuqeqesha noma iseshini yokulingisa:

Ithiphu le-Pro: Cela umfundisi wakho ukuthi abhale isiqiniseko ngoyinki ngqo encwadini yakho yokubhalisa FUTHI anikeze ikhophi esayiniwe kuthempulethi ye-AC 61-65F. Ikhophi efayeleni lesikole sokushayela izindiza iyakuvikela uma incwadi yokubhalisa ilahleka noma yonakele.

Lokho okufanele kukusho ngempela ukugunyazwa kwakho yi-logbook

Indlela eqondile yokubhala ibalulekile ekulandeleni imithetho. I-AC 61-65F inikeza umbhalo oyisibonelo onconyiwe yi-FAA, okufanele abafundisi bawulandele eduze. Ukuqinisekiswa okubhalwe kahle kufana nalokhu:

Ngiyaqinisekisa ukuthi u-[Igama Eligcwele Lomshayeli Wendiza], umnikazi wenombolo yesitifiketi somshayeli wendiza [XXXXXXXX], uthole ukuqeqeshwa okudingekayo emhlabeni nasekundizeni endizeni eyinkimbinkimbi, [Uhlobo Lwendiza kanye Nomodeli, Inombolo N], futhi utholakale enekhono ekusebenzeni nasezinhlelweni zendiza eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuhambisana ne-14 CFR § 61.31(e).

[Igama Eligcwele le-CFI]
Inombolo Yesitifiketi se-CFI [XXXXXXXX], Iphelelwa yisikhathi [MM/DD/YYYY]
[Usuku Lokugunyazwa]

Yonke insimu kulelo bhulokhi inesisindo esisemthethweni. Inombolo yesitifiketi somshayeli ibopha ukugunyazwa nerekhodi elithile lomshayeli wendiza. Ukwakhiwa kwendiza, imodeli, kanye nenombolo engu-N kubhala phansi ukuthi iyiphi indiza eyinkimbinkimbi eyasetshenziswa. Isikhombo somthetho (§ 61.31(e)) siqinisekisa isidingo esithile esigcwalisiwe. Inombolo yesitifiketi somqeqeshi kanye nosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-CFI egunyazayo yayinesitifiketi esisebenzayo ngosuku lokuqeqeshwa.

Uhlu lokuhlola amakhono omfundisi ngaphambi kokukhipha imvume:

• Ukuqonda okubonisiwe kokusebenza kwesistimu yegiya elihoxiswayo kanye nezinqubo zokwandisa eziphuthumayo
• Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwe-propeller yesivinini esingaguquki kanye nokuphathwa kwengcindezi eninginingi
• Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwe-flap kuzo zonke izigaba zendiza (ukuhamba, ukusondela, ukuhambahamba)
• Ukusebenza okwanelisayo ekusukeni nasekufikeni kwendiza okuvamile, okufushane, kanye nokuthambile
• Ukuphathwa kahle kokwehluleka kwegiya elilingisiwe kanye ne-propeller
• Isisindo esinembile kanye nebhalansi kanye nokuhlela ukusebenza kwendiza ethile

Yeka ukuthi isilabhasi yokuqeqesha yokuqinisekisa eyinkimbinkimbi ihlanganisani

Uhlelo oluhlelwe kahle luhlukanisa umsebenzi phakathi komhlabathi nendiza, kanti i-Airplane Flying Handbook Isahluko 12 sichaza uhlaka lokuqeqeshwa kokuguquka olulandelwa yi-CFIs eningi enolwazi.

Izihloko zokuqeqesha phansi:

1. Izinto zokufika ezikwazi ukuhoxiswa: izinhlobo zesistimu (kagesi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-hydraulic), ukusebenza okuvamile, izinhlelo zokuxwayisa, kanye nezinqubo zokwandisa eziphuthumayo
2. I-propeller enesivinini esiqhubekayo: i-blade angle mechanics, ukusebenza kwe-governor, ukucindezela okuningi kanye nobudlelwano be-RPM, kanye nezindlela zokwehluleka
3. Izinhlelo ze-Flap: imikhawulo yesakhiwo, izinguquko zesivinini sokusondela ngokucushwa kwe-flap, kanye nezinqubo zokujikeleza ezinama-flap angaphelele noma agcwele
4. Ukuhlela ukusebenza: imiphumela yokuphakama kobuningi endizeni eyinkimbinkimbi, ibanga lokusheshisa nokuma, kanye nokusebenza kokukhuphuka ngezilungiselelo zegiya ne-flap
5. Isisindo kanye nebhalansi: indlela igiya elihoxiswayo kanye nezitshalo zamandla ezisindayo ezishintsha ngayo i-CG envelope uma kuqhathaniswa nezitimela zegiya ezihleliwe
6. Izinqubo eziphuthumayo: izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe uma ufika endaweni efanelekile, isivinini esikhulu sepropu, kanye nokwehluleka kwe-hydraulic/kagesi

Izindlela zokuqeqesha indiza:

1. Ukuhamba okuvamile kanye nokukhuphuka ngochungechunge lokuhoxisa igiya kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-prop/throttle
2. Ukuthatha ama-takeoffs e-short-field kanye ne-soft-field ngokuphathwa kokucushwa
3. Ukusetha amandla ohambo: inhlanganisela yokucindezela okuningi kanye ne-RPM ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle uphethiloli kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenjini
4. Ukujika okuphakeme kanye nokundiza okuhamba kancane ngezilungiselelo zegiya kanye ne-flap
5. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwegiya elingisiwe: ukwenza uhlu lokuhlola lokunwetshwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo endizeni
6. Hamba uzungeze kusukela kowamanqamu omfushane ngochungechunge oluphelele lokuhoxa kwe-flap kanye nesikhathi sokuhoxa kwegiya
7. Ukufika okuvamile kanye nokuwela komoya ngokuqinisekiswa kwegiya phansi (ukuhlolwa okuluhlaza okuthathu)
8. Ukuqina kwenjini okulingisiwe kanye nempendulo yokulawula i-propeller

Isibizo sesimo: Umzamo omkhulu wokujikeleza uwumsebenzi owodwa oveza izikhala zobuchule obukhulu. Ku-AGL engamafidi angu-200 ku-final emfushane enezingqimba ezigcwele kanye negiya phansi, umshayeli wendiza kumele asebenzise amandla aphelele ngasikhathi sinye, aphathe ingcindezi eningi kanye ne-RPM, abuyisele izingqimba ngezigaba ukuze agweme izinga lokucwila, aqinisekise ukuhoxa kwegiya, futhi agcine ukulawula okuqondisiwe. Ukuzijwayeza lesi simo ekuphakameni kuqala, bese kuba ekuphakameni kwephethini nomfundisi, kwakha isiyalo senqubo okufanele siqinisekiswe ukuvunyelwa.

Ithiphu le-Pro: Abashayeli bezindiza abanolwazi lwangaphambilini lwe-IFR bajwayela ngokushesha ukuphathwa kwamandla endizeni eyinkimbinkimbi ngoba sebevele becabanga ngezilungiselelo zamandla ezinembile kanye nezinguquko zokucushwa. Uma ungenalo ulwazi lwe-IFR, hlela isikhathi esengeziwe sokuhamba phansi ebudlelwaneni bokucindezela okuningi/i-RPM ngaphambi kohambo lwakho lokuqala.

Ukusebenzisa ama-simulators nama-FTD ukuze uthole ukwesekwa okuyinkimbinkimbi

Izindinganiso ze-FAA zokufaneleka kwedivayisi zisungula ukuthi yini eyakha i-FFS noma i-FTD eyamukelekayo yokuqeqeshwa okuqinile. Igama eliyinhloko kulo mthethonqubo lithi “ummeleli”: idivayisi kumele iphindaphinde izinhlelo kanye nezici zokuphatha zendiza eyinkimbinkimbi kahle ngokwanele ukuze inikeze inani langempela lokuqeqeshwa.

Lokho okwenziwa yizilingisi kanye nama-FTD ukuze usekele:

• Yanelisa isidingo sokuloba phansi kanye nokuqeqeshwa kokundiza uma idivayisi imele indiza eyinkimbinkimbi
• Vumela ukuphindaphinda okungenamkhawulo kwezinqubo eziphuthumayo (ukwehluleka kwegiya, isivinini esikhulu) ngaphandle kwengozi yohlaka lomoya
• Nciphisa izindleko ngehora uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqasha izindiza, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokujwayelana nezinhlelo
• Amahora okubhalisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe encwadini yakho yokubhalisa yokuhlola kanye nesikhombi sedivayisi esiphawuliwe

Lokho okwenziwa yizilingisi kanye nama-FTD angenakukwazi ukukufaka esikhundleni:

• Ukuqinisekiswa kokuthinta kokuhamba kwegiya kanye nesibonakaliso esiluhlaza okwesithathu endizeni yangempela
• Imiphumela yangempela yokweqa umoya kanye nokuphakama kobuningi ekusebenzeni kokufika
• Izimpawu zokuzwa ze-torque yangempela ye-propeller kanye ne-P-factor ngesikhathi sokusuka

The Inguqulo ye-eCFR ye-§ 61.31 iveza isidingo futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi amahora okulingisa kumele abhalwe ngesikhombi sedivayisi kanye nezinga lokufaneleka eliphawuliwe. Uma uqopha isikhathi sokulingisa, faka igama ledivayisi, izinga lokufaneleka (isb., Izinga lesi-5 FTD), kanye negama lenhlangano yokuqeqesha eceleni kwezinkambu ze-logbook ezijwayelekile.

Ithiphu le-Pro: Sebenzisa izikhathi zokulingisa ukuze uqonde ukugeleza kohlu lokuhlola kanye nezinqubo eziphuthumayo, bese uqinisekisa leyo nkumbulo yemisipha endizeni yangempela. Izikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu zokulingisa ezilandelwa izindiza ezintathu noma ezine ziyichungechunge elivamile nelingabizi kakhulu.

Kuchazwe okuhlukile, imibono eyiphutha, kanye nomthetho wangaphambi kuka-1997

Izinganekwane eziningana eziqhubekayo mayelana nokuqeqeshwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kokuqinisekisa kudala ingozi yokuthobela imithetho. Ukubhekana nazo kuvikela isitifiketi sakho ngqo.

Ukukhululwa kobuzwe ngo-Agasti 4, 1997. 14 CFR § 61.31(e) isho ngokusobala ukuthi umshayeli wendiza obhalise isikhathi se-PIC endizeni eyinkimbinkimbi ngaphambi kuka-Agasti 4, 1997 uyahlangabezana nesidingo saleso sigaba kanye nesigaba. Isikhathi esibhalisiwe siwubufakazi; akukho ukuvumelana okuhlukile okudingekayo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu okuhlukile kuqondene nesigaba kanye nesigaba. Isikhathi se-PIC endizeni eyinkimbinkimbi enenjini eyodwa ngaphambi kuka-1997 asihlanganisi imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yezinjini eziningi.

Imibono eyiphutha evamile okufanele uyilungise:

• "Kukhona okungenani amahora ama-5." Amanga. I-FAA ayibeki ubuncane behora. Umthethonqubo udinga ikhono elibonisiwe, hhayi inani elithile lamahora okundiza. Abanye abashayeli bezindiza bafinyelela ikhono emahoreni angaphansi kwamahlanu; abanye badinga okungaphezulu.
• "Ama-flaps kuphela enza indiza ibe yinkimbinkimbi." Amanga. Zonke izinhlelo ezintathu kumele zibe khona: igiya elihoxiswayo, ama-flap, kanye ne-propeller elawulwayo. Indiza enama-flap kanye ne-prop yesivinini esingaguquki kodwa igiya eliqinile ayiyinkimbinkimbi ngaphansi kwe-§ 61.31(e).
• "Ukuqinisekiswa kokusebenza okuphezulu kuhlanganisa imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi." Amanga. Ukuqinisekiswa kokusebenza okuphezulu (kwezindiza ezinamandla angaphezu kuka-200 horsepower) kuyimfuneko ehlukile ngaphansi kwe-§ 61.31(f). Ukuqinisekiswa okubili kubhekana nezinhlelo ezahlukene futhi akuguquguquki.
• "Ukuvunyelwa kuyaphela." Amanga. Ukuqinisekiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi kuwukufakwa kwe-logbook okuhlala kanye kuphela. Akukho mfuneko yokubuyisela imali, yize imali ohlotsheni oluthile lwendiza iwumkhuba osebenzayo ozwakalayo.

Ushintsho lomthetho olwadala imfuneko yokuqinisekisa yesimanje lwaqala ukusebenza ngomhlaka-4 Agasti 1997, yingakho lolo suku lubonakala njengomugqa ohlukanisayo kulungiselelo lokukhulisa.

Isikhathi sokuqeqeshwa esingokoqobo kanye nezindleko: ukuthi yini okufanele uyibeke isabelomali

Izinga elisekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-FAA lisho ukuthi isikhathi sokuqeqeshwa siyahlukahluka, kodwa isiqondiso semboni esivela emithonjeni efaka phakathi Indiza yeBolt kubonisa ukuthi iningi labashayeli bezindiza lidinga amahora amaningana okufundiswa okubili ukuze lifinyelele ubungcweti bokugunyazwa. Abashayeli bezindiza abanolwazi lwangaphambilini lwegiya elihoxiswayo noma oluqhubekayo lwesivinini bavame ukufika eduze nengxenye engezansi; labo abashintsha ngqo kusuka kumqeqeshi wegiya eliyisisekelo elihleliwe bavame ukudinga ibanga eliphelele noma ngaphezulu kancane.

Izici ezibangela ukwehluka kwezindleko:

• Izinga lokuqasha izindiza (izindiza eziyinkimbinkimbi zivame ukuqasha ngesilinganiso esiphezulu samahora kunezinqola zegiya elihleliwe)
• Izinga lamahora lomfundisi, elihlukahluka ngokwemakethe kanye nezinga lesipiliyoni se-CFI
• Isikhathi se-simulator, uma sisetshenziselwa ukujwayelana nezinhlelo ngaphambi kokundiza kwezindiza
• Indawo kanye nezindleko zikaphethiloli ezifakwe emananini okuqasha aphansi
• Inani lezikhathi ezidingekayo ukuze kufinyelelwe ulwazi lokuqhuba imisebenzi enzima kakhulu

Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ububanzi bokuhlela. Lokhu kuyizilinganiso ezibonisa isibonelo, hhayi izingcaphuno, futhi izindleko zangempela zizohluka ngendawo, indiza, kanye nomqeqeshi.

I-AOPA iqinisekisa ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi ukuqeqeshwa kusekelwe emakhono, indlela ethembekile kakhulu yokulawula izindleko ukufika esifundweni ngasinye ulungiselele kahle: funda isigaba sezinhlelo ze-POH ngaphambi kokuqeqeshwa komhlaba, ubuyekeze uhlu lokuhlola oluphuthumayo ngaphambi kwendiza ngayinye, bese utshela umfundisi ngezikhala zakho zolwazi ukuze amaseshini ahlale egxile.

Kungani ukuqinisekiswa okubhaliwe kubaluleke kakhulu kunalokho abashayeli bezindiza abakuqaphelayo

Ukuqinisekiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi ngezinye izikhathi kubhekwa njengebhokisi lokuhlola elinobulungiswa, kodwa lokho kufakwa kwesicelo akusebenzi kahle. Ukuqinisekiswa okubhalwe kahle kuyisisekelo esisemthethweni salo lonke uhambo lwe-PIC oluhambayo endizeni eyinkimbinkimbi. Uma leyo mibhalo ingaphelele, ukundiza akugcini nje ngokungajwayelekile - kuwukwephulwa kwe-14 CFR § 61.31, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unekhono elingakanani.

Izincomo ezintathu ezisebenzayo okufanele zilandelwe yilowo nalowo mshayeli wendiza:

1. Qinisekisa imali kanye nezilinganiso zomfundisi wakho ngaphambi kokuqala ukuqeqeshwa. I-CFI evumayo kumele ibe nesitifiketi esisebenzayo esinezigaba ezifanele kanye nezilinganiso zekilasi. Ukuqinisekiswa okuvela kumfundisi onesitifiketi esiphelelwe yisikhathi akunasisindo esisemthethweni.
2. Qinisekisa iziqinisekiso zesilingisi ngaphambi kokurekhoda isikhathi sedivayisi. Buza umhlinzeki woqeqesho ngezinga le-FAA ledivayisi ngokubhala. Idivayisi engafaneleki ngokusemthethweni njengommeleli wendiza eyinkimbinkimbi ayikwazi ukwanelisa imfuneko yokuqeqeshwa elawulwayo, noma ngabe izikhathi beziwusizo.
3. Phikelela ohlelweni olubhalwe phansi. Uhlelo olubhaliwe luvikela umshayeli wendiza kanye nomqeqeshi. Lubonisa ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa bekuhlelekile futhi kuphelele, okubalulekile uma ukuqinisekiswa kungatshazwa ngesikhathi sesenzo sesitifiketi noma uphenyo lwengozi.

Inani lokuqinisekiswa okuphelele nokubhalwe kahle lihambisana nomsebenzi. Abafakizicelo bezentengiselwano abasebenzise indiza eyinkimbinkimbi ekuhlolweni kwabo okusebenzayo, abantu abazongenela i-ATP abakha isikhathi se-PIC, kanye nabashayeli bezindiza abashintshela ezindizeni ezisebenza kahle kakhulu bonke bayazuza kurekhodi lokuqinisekiswa elihlanzekile, eliphelele, futhi elingalandelelwa endizeni ethile kanye nomqeqeshi.

I-Flightschoolusa isheshisa indlela yakho eya ekuqinisekisweni okuyinkimbinkimbi

I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy inikeza ukuqeqeshwa okuhlelekile kokusekela okuyinkimbinkimbi okuhlanganisa imfundo yezinhlelo ezisekelwe ku-simulator nesikhathi sendiza endizeni eyinkimbinkimbi ehlonyiswe kahle, konke kungaphansi kokuqondisa kwama-CFI anolwazi alandela uhlelo olubhalwe phansi oluhambisana ne-AC 61-65F kanye ne-Airplane Flying Handbook.

Inzuzo ewusizo enikezwa yiFlorida Flyers yi-Self Examining Authority yayo: Ukuhlolwa kwe-FAA kwenzeka ngaphakathi, okususa ukubambezeleka kokuhlela okungangeza amasonto kusikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kwezinye izikole. Ama-CFI eFlorida Flyers akhona endizeni ayifundisayo, futhi yonke iphakheji yokuqinisekisa ifaka uhlelo olubhaliwe, ithempulethi yokuqinisekisa ye-AC 61-65F ephelele, kanye nokufakwa kwe-logbook okuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zemibhalo ye-FAA. Kubashayeli bezindiza abahlose isitifiketi sezentengiselwano, ukuqeqeshwa kokuqinisekisa okuyinkimbinkimbi kuhlanganisa ngqo nohlelo olubanzi. uhlelo lokuhlola lwezentengiselwano, ukugcina amahora akho okuqeqesha esebenza kahle kanye nezindleko zakho ezibikezelwayo. Xhumana neFlorida Flyers ukuze uhlele iseshini yakho yokuqala yomhlabathi futhi uqinisekise ukutholakala kwendiza.

Imithombo

Imithombo elandelayo eyinhloko yasetshenziswa ukwakha lo mhlahlandlela. Ngayinye isebenzela injongo ehlukile kuye ngokuthi udinga umbhalo olawulayo, isiqondiso somfundisi, noma okuqukethwe kwesilabhasi.

• 14 CFR § 61.31 – Izidingo zokulinganisa uhlobo, ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, kanye nezidingo zokugunyazwa.
• Ezinye Izilinganiso Nokuvunyelwa – AOPA
• Isendlalelo Esilulekayo AC 61-65F

Lesi sihloko siwulwazi olujwayelekile, asithathi indawo yeseluleko esivela kummeli ofanelekayo. Xhumana nochwepheshe wezomthetho ofanelekayo mayelana nezimo zakho ngaphambi kokuthatha isinyathelo nganoma yini lapha.

Kunconywe

• Ngicela isikhashana...